Blok D

Blok D (Rusia: Блок Д berarti Blok D) adalah tahap atas yang digunakan pada sistem peluncuran Soviet dan Rusia, termasuk N1, Proton-K dan Zenit.

Tahap (dan turunannya) telah dimasukkan dalam lebih dari 320 roket sampai diluncurkan pada 2015. Pada tahun 2002 modifikasi yang Blok DM memiliki tingkat 97% keberhasilan dalam penerbangan 218 sejak tahun 1974, dan 43 misi sukses di 1997-2002.

Varian[sunting | sunting sumber]

Varian	Penerbangan pertama	Penerbangan terakhir	Peluncuran	Roket	Keterangan
Blok D	1967	1976	44	Proton-K N1
Blok D-1	1978	1989	10	Proton-K	Mostly used for launches to Venus
Blok D-2	1988	1996	3	Proton-K	Launched Fobos 1, Fobos 2 and Mars 96
Blok DM	1974	1990	66	Proton-K Energia (unflown)	Blok D modification for Earth-based orbits
Blok DM-2	1982	2012	115	Proton-K Proton-M	Used with Proton-M for GLONASS launches [1]
Blok DM-2M	1994	2005	15	Proton-K	Enhanced payload thanks to the use of higher performance Syntin fuel instead of RG-1. Powered by the RD-58S engine.
Blok DM-03	2010	active	3	Proton-M	Intended as a replacement for Blok DM-2 and DM-SL/SLB, first flew in 2010, only used on Proton
Blok DM-5	1997	2002	2	Proton-K	Used for low Earth orbit launches with Arkas satellites
Blok DM1	1996	1996	1	Proton-K	Commercial Blok DM-2, only used for one launch, with Inmarsat-3 F2
Blok DM2	1997	2002	4	Proton-K	Commercial Blok DM-5, used for Iridium and INTEGRAL launches
Blok DM3	1996	2006	25	Proton-K	Commercial Blok DM-2M
Blok DM4	1997	1997	1	Proton-K	Commercial Blok DM-2M, only used to launch Telstar 5
Blok DM-SL	1999	active	36	Zenit-3SL	Used in Sea Launch missions, some flights use a version with stretched fuel tanks
Blok DM-SLB	2008	active	5	Zenit-3SLB	Used in Land Launch missions and other commercial Zenit-3SLB flights from Baikonur
References

Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]