Daftar organisme menurut jumlah kromosom: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 29 April 2014 23.27

Daftar organisme berikut disusun berdasarkan jumlah kromosom dalam sel berbagai tumbuhan, binatang, protista, dan makhluk hidup lain, termasuk manusia. Diberikan dalam jumlah diploid (2n). Ini bukan daftar lengkap, melainkan sebagai perbandingan antara jenis-jenis makhluk.

Organisme Nama ilmiah Jumlah diploid kromosom (2n = x) Catatan
Ciliated Protozoa Oxytricha trifallax 15600 [1]
Adders-tongue Ophioglossum reticulatum 1260 [2] This fern has the highest known chromosome number of any life form. Number given is maximum, shows many variants.
Agrodiaetus butterfly Agrodiaetus shahrami 268 [3] This insect has one of the highest chromosome numbers among all animals.
Field Horsetail Equisetum arvense 216
Rattlesnake fern Botrypus virginianus 184[4]
Northern Lamprey Petromyzontinae 174[1]
Carp 104
Red viscacha rat Tympanoctomys barrerae 102 [5] Highest number known in mammals, formerly thought to be a tetraploid.[6]
Kamraj (fern) Helminthostachys zeylanica 94
Aquatic Rat Anotomys leander 92[7] Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Ichthyomys pittieri.
Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus 86–92 [8]
Crab-eating rat (semiaquatic rodent) Ichthyomys pittieri 92[7] Previously thought to be the highest number in mammals, tied with Anotomys leander.
Grape fern Sceptridium 90
Hedgehog Genus Atelerix (African hedgehogs) 90
Moonworts Botrychium 90
Hedgehog Genus Erinaceus (Woodland hedgehogs) 88
Nagaho-no-natsu-no-hana-warabi Botrypus strictus 88 B. strictus and B. virginianus have been shown to be paraphyletic in the genus Botrypus
Pigeon 80
Turkey 80[9]
African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus 78[10]
Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus 78
Coyote Canis latrans 78[10]
Dhole Cuon alpinus 78
Dingo Canis lupus dingo 78[10]
Dog Canis lupus familiaris 78[11] 76 autosomal and 2 sexual.[12]
Dove 78[13] Based on African collared dove
Golden Jackal Canis aureus 78[10]
Wolf Canis lupus 78
Maned Wolf Chrysocyon brachyurus 76
American Black Bear Ursus americanus 74
Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus 74
Brown Bear Ursus arctos 74
Polar Bear Ursus maritimus 74
Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus 74
Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus 74
Bat-eared Fox Otocyon megalotis 72[10]
Black nightshade Solanum nigrum 72[14]
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus 70
Elk (Wapiti) Cervus canadensis 68
Red Deer Cervus elaphus 68
Gray Fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus 66[10]
Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides 66 Some variation in the number of chromosomes between individuals [15]
Chinchilla Chinchilla lanigera 64 [16]
Echidna 63/64 63 (X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5, male) and 64 (X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4X5X5, female)[17]
Fennec Fox Vulpes zerda 64[10]
Horse Equus ferus caballus 64
Spotted Skunk Spilogale x 64
Mule 63 semi-infertile
Donkey Equus africanus asinus 62
Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis 62
Gypsy moth 62
Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis 60
American Bison Bison bison 60
Cow Bos primigenius 60
Goat 60
Woolly Mammoth Mammuthus primigenius 58 extinct; tissue from a frozen carcass
Elephant 56
Capuchin Monkey Cebus x 54[18]
Hyrax Hyracoidea 54[19] Hyraxes are considered to be the closest living relative to the Elephant.[20]
Sheep 54
Silkworm Bombyx mori 54
Cotton Gossypium hirsutum 52[21] 2n=4x; Cultivated upland cotton is derived from an allotetraploid
Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus 52 [22] Ten sex chromosomes.
Spectacled Bear Tremarctos ornatus 52
Kit Fox 50
Pineapple Ananas comosus 50[21]
Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis 50
Zebrafish Danio rerio 50[23]
Beaver (Eurasian) Castor fiber 48
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 48[24]
Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus 48
Gorilla 48
Hare[25][26] 48
Orangutan Pongo x 48
Potato Solanum tuberosum 48[21] This is a tetraploid; wild relatives mostly have 2n=24.[21]
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum 48[21] Cultivated species is a tetraploid.[21]
Human Homo sapiens 46[27] 44 autosomal and 2 sex
Reeves's Muntjac Muntiacus reevesi 46
Sable Antelope Hippotragus niger 46
Dolphin Delphinidae Delphis 44
Eurasian Badger Meles meles 44
Rabbit 44
Fossa Cryptoprocta ferox 42
Giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca 42
Oats Avena sativa 42[21] This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Diploid and tetraploid cultivated species also exist.[21]
Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes viverrinus 42 some sources say sub-species differ with 38, 54, and even 56 chromosomes
Rat 42
Rhesus Monkey 42[28]
Wheat Triticum aestivum 42[21] This is a hexaploid with 2n=6x=42. Durum wheat is Triticum turgidum var. durum, and is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=28.[21]
Wolverine Gulo gulo 42
Beaver (American) Castor canadensis 40
European Polecat Mustela putorius 40
Ferret Mustela putorius furo 40
Hyena 40
Mango Mangifera indica 40[21]
Mouse Mus musculus 40[29]
American Marten Martes americana 38
Beech Marten Martes foina 38
Cat Felis catus 38
Coatimundi 38
European Mink Mustela lutreola 38
Fisher (animal) 38 a type of marten
Lion Panthera leo 38
Oriental Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea 38
Pig 38
Pine Marten Martes martes 38
Raccoon Procyon lotor 38[30]
Sable Martes zibellina 38
Sea Otter 38
Tanuki/Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides albus 38
Tiger Panthera tigris 38
Earthworm Lumbricus terrestris 36
Long-nosed Cusimanse (a type of mongoose) 36
Meerkat Suricata suricatta 36
Red Panda 36
Starfish 36
Tibetan sand fox Vulpes ferrilata 36
Yellow Mongoose Cynictis penicillata 36
Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum 34 [16]
Red Fox Vulpes vulpes 34[10] Plus 3-5 microsomes.
Alfalfa Medicago sativa 32[21] Cultivated alfalfa is tetraploid, with 2n=4x=32. Wild relatives have 2n=16.[21]
American Badger Taxidea taxus 32
European honey bee Apis mellifera 32 32 for females, males are haploid and thus have 16.
Yeast Saccharomyces cerivisiae 32
American Mink Neovison vison 30
Pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna attems 30 [31]
Bittersweet nightshade Solanum dulcamara 24[32][33]
Husk Tomato Physalis pubescens 24[34]
Silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium 24[35]
Rice Oryza sativa 24[21]
Snail 24
Bean Phaseolus sp. 22[21] All species in the genus have the same chromosome number, including P. vulgaris, P. coccineus, P. acutifolis,and P. lunatus.[21]
Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 22[36]
Cannabis Cannabis sativa 20
Maize Zea mays 20[21]
Cabbage Brassica oleracea 18[21] Broccoli, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower are all the same species and have the same chromosome number.[21]
Radish Raphanus sativus 18[21]
Kangaroo 16 This includes several members genus Macropus, but not the red kangaroo (M. rufus, 40)[37]
Koala Phascolarctos cinereus 16
Barley Hordeum vulgare 14[21]
Pea Pisum sativum 14[21]
Rye Secale cereale 14[21]
Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii 14
Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum 12 [38]
Swamp Wallaby Wallabia bicolor 10/11 11 for male, 10 for female[39]
Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 12/11 12 for hermaphrodites, 11 for males
Thale Cress Arabidopsis thaliana 10
Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 8[40] 6 autosomal, and 2 sexual
Hawkweed 8
Indian muntjac Muntiacus muntjak 6/7[41] female/male
Mosquito Aedes aegypti 6[42] The 2n=6 chromosome number is conserved in the entire family Culicidae, except in Chagasia bathana which has 2n=8.[42]
Spider mite 4–14[43] Spider mites (family Tetranychidae) are typically haplodiploidy (males are haploid, while females are diploid)[43]
Jack jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula 2[44] 2 for females, males are haploid and thus have 1; smallest number possible. Other ant species have more chromosomes.[44]

Lihat pula

Referensi

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