Lihat sumber Partai Bharatiya Janata

{{Infobox Indian political party
| party_name        = Bharatiya Janata Party
| logo              = Bharatiya Janata Party logo.svg
| abbreviation      = BJP
| colorcode         = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| president         = J. P. Nadda<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ananya Das|date=20 January 2020|title=Jagat Prakash Nadda: BJP's new national president rises through the ranks, faces several challenges|work=Zee News|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/jagat-prakash-nadda-bjps-new-national-president-rises-through-the-ranks-faces-several-challenges-2258301.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328152910/https://zeenews.india.com/india/jagat-prakash-nadda-bjps-new-national-president-rises-through-the-ranks-faces-several-challenges-2258301.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>
| general_secretary  = B. L. Santhosh
| treasurer = Rajesh Agarwal<ref>{{Cite news|date=27 September 2020|title=Rajesh Agarwal gets BJP treasurer post|work=United News of India|url=http://www.uniindia.com/rajesh-agarwal-gets-bjp-treasurer-post/north/news/2178686.html|url-status=live|access-date=12 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017113913/http://www.uniindia.com/rajesh-agarwal-gets-bjp-treasurer-post/north/news/2178686.html|archive-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>
| ppchairman        = [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> ([[Perdana Menteri India|Perdana Menteri]])
| loksabha_leader   = [[Narendra Modi]]<br /> ([[Leader of the House in Lok Sabha]])<ref name=":3000">{{Cite news|date=12 June 2019|title=BJP announces new parliamentary committee; Modi leader in Lok Sabha, Rajnath his deputy|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-announces-parliamentary-party-executive-committee-1547512-2019-06-12|url-status=live|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141325/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-announces-parliamentary-party-executive-committee-1547512-2019-06-12|archive-date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
| rajyasabha_leader = [[Piyush Goyal]]<br /> ([[Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha]])
| foundation        = {{Start date and age|df=yes|p=y|1980|04|06}}<ref name=":4000">{{Cite news|date=6 April 2019|title=BJP's foundation day: Brief history of the achievements and failures of the party|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/research/bhartiya-janata-party-narendra-modi-bjp-bjps-37th-foundation-day-brief-history-of-the-achievements-and-failures-of-the-party-4601637/|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511143721/https://indianexpress.com/article/research/bhartiya-janata-party-narendra-modi-bjp-bjps-37th-foundation-day-brief-history-of-the-achievements-and-failures-of-the-party-4601637/|archive-date=11 May 2019}}</ref>
| founder           = {{ublist|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] & [[Lal Krishna Advani]]<ref name=":3001">{{Cite news|date=23 May 2019|title=What you need to know about India's BJP|work=AlJazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513075856/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html|archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>}}
| headquarters      = 6-A, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, <br />[[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP Gets A New Address; Soul Of New Office Is The Party Worker, Says PM Modi|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-gets-a-new-address-today-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-multi-storey-office-1814043|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141326/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-gets-a-new-address-today-pm-modi-to-inaugurate-multi-storey-office-1814043|archive-date=6 April 2020|access-date=16 March 2020 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>
| eci               = [[Daftar partai politik di India#Partai nasional|Partai Nasional]]{{sfn|Election Commission|2013}}
| alliance          = [[Aliansi Demokratik Nasional (India)|Aliansi Demokratik Nasional]]<br />([[India|All India]])<ref name="bjp0right">{{Cite news|last=Devesh Kumar|date=20 May 2014|title=BJP + 29 Parties=National Democratic Alliance|work=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/bjp-29-parties-national-democratic-alliance-562972|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406141401/https://www.ndtv.com/elections-news/bjp-29-parties-national-democratic-alliance-562972|archive-date=6 April 2020}}</ref><br />
[[North-East Democratic Alliance]]<br />([[India Timur Laut]])<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 March 2019|title=BJP seals alliances in Northeast, aims 22 LS seats|work=The Hindu Business Line|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bjp-seals-alliances-in-northeast-aims-22-ls-seats/article26519732.ece |url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317165853/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/bjp-seals-alliances-in-northeast-aims-22-ls-seats/article26519732.ece|archive-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
| loksabha_seats    = {{Composition bar|296|543|hex={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} ('''512''' MPs & '''31''' Vacant)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Party Position pdf|url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_637191127420791113_31994.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317173437/http://loksabhaph.nic.in/writereaddata/Updates/EventLSS_637191127420791113_31994.pdf|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref>
| rajyasabha_seats  = {{Composition bar|96|245|hex={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} ('''240''' MPs & '''5''' Vacant)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Alphabetical Party Position in the Rajya Sabha|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/partymemberlist.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604121829/https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/partymemberlist.aspx|archive-date=4 June 2019|access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Strengthwise Party Position in the Rajya Sabha|url=http://164.100.47.5/NewMembers/partystrength.aspx|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606134311/http://164.100.47.5/NewMembers/partystrength.aspx|archive-date=6 June 2017|publisher=Rajya Sabha}}</ref><!-- Please do not change without a more up-to-date reference --><!-- Seats after Rajya Sabha election, 2020 -->
| state_seats_name  = [[Dewan Legislatif Negara (India)|State Legislative Assemblies]]
| state_seats       = {{Composition bar|1484|4036|hex={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
('''4013''' MLAs &
'''23''' Vacant)
([[#Current seats in State Legislative Assemblies|see complete list]])
| state2_seats_name = [[State Legislative Council (India)|State Legislative Councils]]
| state2_seats      = {{Composition bar|165|426|hex={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
('''403''' MLCs & '''23''' Vacant)
([[#Current seats in State Legislative councils|see complete list]])
| no_states         = {{Composition bar|18|31|hex={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} ('''28''' States and '''3''' UTs)<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 November 2019|title=BJP gains back Madhya Pradesh in just 15 months after losing it|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-s-shivraj-singh-chouhan-sworn-in-as-madhya-pradesh-cm-for-fourth-time-1658867-2020-03-23|url-status=live|access-date=23 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202332/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-s-shivraj-singh-chouhan-sworn-in-as-madhya-pradesh-cm-for-fourth-time-1658867-2020-03-23|archive-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| ideology          = {{ubl|class=nowrap||[[Konservatisme]] ([[Konservatisme di India|India]])<ref name="mathewjoh">* {{Cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Matthew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism|title=Conservatism and Ideology|last2=Garnett|first2=Mark |last3=Walker|first3=David M|date=2017|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-52900-2|pages=45–50|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061245/https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism|archive-date=14 April 2023|url-status=live}}
* Björn Goldstein (2015) The unconscious Indianization of 'Western' conservatism – is Indian conservatism a universal model?, Global Discourse, 5:1, 44-65, {{doi|10.1080/23269995.2014.946315}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Mazumdar|first1=Surajit|date=2017|title=Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India|url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/93182|journal=Desenvolvimento Em Debate|via=[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]]|volume=5|issue=1|pages=115–131|doi=10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011|access-date=24 April 2022|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061248/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93182/|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|title=Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India|last1=Chhibber|first1=Pradeep. K.|last2=Verma|first2=Rahul|isbn=978-0-19-062390-6|lccn=2018001733|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ|pages=50–150|year=2018|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061225/https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Neoliberalisme]]<ref name="Surajit 2017">* {{Cite journal|last=Mazumdar|first=Surajit|date=2017|title=Neo-Liberalism and the Rise of Right-Wing Conservatism in India|url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/93182 |url-status=live|journal=Desenvolvimento Em Debate|volume=5|issue=1 |pages=115–131|doi=10.51861/ded.dmds.1.011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061248/https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/93182/|archive-date=14 April 2023|access-date=24 April 2022|via=[[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]]}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Gopalakrishnan|first1=Shankar|title=Defining, Constructing and Policing a 'New India': Relationship between Neoliberalism and Hindutva|journal=Economic & Political Weekly|date=7 July 2006|volume=41|issue=26|pages=2803–2813|jstor=4418408|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017234207/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418408|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Wilson|first1=Kalpana|last2=Ung Loh|first2=Jennifer|last3=Purewal|first3=Navtej|title=Gender, Violence and the Neoliberal State in India|journal=Feminist Review|date=July 2018|volume=119|issue=1|pages=1–6|doi=10.1057/s41305-018-0109-8|s2cid=149814002|url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25540/1/wilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210111943/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25540/1/wilson-ung-loh-purewal-introduction-gender-violence-and-the-neoliberal-state-in-India.doc.pdf|url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Mathur|first1=Navdeep|title=The low politics of higher education: saffron branded neoliberalism and the assault on Indian universities|journal=Critical Policy Studies|date=2018|volume=12 |issue=1|pages=121–125|doi=10.1080/19460171.2017.1403343|s2cid=148842457}}</ref>
|[[Humanisme Integral (India)|Humanisme Integral]]<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Matthew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism|title=Conservatism and Ideology|last2=Garnett|first2=Mark|last3=Walker|first3=David M|date=2017|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-1-317-52900-2|pages=45–50|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061245/https://books.google.com/books?id=smxQDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP+a+conservatism|archive-date=14 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Hindutva]]<ref name="Angana.p">* {{Cite book|last1=Chatterji|first1=Angana P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP%27s+Hindutva+ideology|title=Majoritarian State: How Hindu Nationalism Is Changing India|last2=Hansen|first2=Thomas Blom|last3=Jaffrelot|first3=Christophe|date=2019|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-007817-1|pages=100–130|author-link=Angana P. Chatterji|author-link2=Thomas Blom Hansen|author-link3=Christophe Jaffrelot|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061226/https://books.google.com/books?id=zcObDwAAQBAJ&q=BJP%27s+Hindutva+ideology|archive-date=14 April 2023|url-status=live}}
* [[Christophe Jaffrelot|Jaffrelot, Christophe]], and Cynthia Schoch. "Conclusion to Part I." In Modi's India: Hindu Nationalism and the Rise of Ethnic Democracy, 148–54. [[Princeton University Press]], 2021. {{doi|10.2307/j.ctv1dc9jzx.12}}.
* {{cite book|title=Ideology and Identity: The Changing Party Systems of India|last1=Chhibber|first1=Pradeep. K.|last2=Verma|first2=Rahul |isbn=978-0-19-062390-6|lccn=2018001733|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=2 May 2022|archive-date=14 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061225/https://books.google.com/books?id=nJRqDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
|[[Nasionalisme Hindu]]<ref>* Henrik Berglund. "Religion and Nationalism: Politics of BJP." [[Economic and Political Weekly]] 39, no. 10 (2004): 1064–70. {{JSTOR|4414737}}.
* Chhibber, Pradeep K. "State Policy, Party Politics, and the Rise of the BJP." In Democracy without Associations: Transformation of the Party System and Social Cleavages in India, 159–76. [[University of Michigan Press]], 1999. {{JSTOR|10.3998/mpub.23136.12}}.</ref>
|[[Populisme sayap kanan]] <ref>* {{cite journal|volume=26|issue=3|journal=Democratization|first1=Duncan|last1=McDonnell|year=2019|first2=Luis|last2=Cabrera|title=The right-wing populism of India's Bharatiya Janata Party (and why comparativists should care)|pages=484–501|doi=10.1080/13510347.2018.1551885|s2cid=149464986}}
* {{Cite book|last=Özçelik|first=Ezgi|title=Right-wing Populist Governments Rhetorical Framing of Economic Inequality : the Cases of BJP in India and AKP in Turkey|publisher=Koç University|year=2019}}</ref>}}
| position          = [[Politik sayap kanan|Sayap kanan]]{{sfnm|1a1=Malik|1a2=Singh|1y=1992|1pp=318–336|BBC|2012|2a1=Banerjee|2y=2005|2p=3118}}
| publication       = ''[[Kamal Sandesh]]'' {{nowrap|([[English language|English]] and [[Hindi]])<ref>{{Cite news|last=Siddhartha Rai|date=27 January 2017|title=PM Modi goes cashless, buys lifetime subscription of BJP mouthpiece Kamal Sandesh through cheque|work=India Today|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/pm-modi-bjp-kamal-sandesh-cashless-currency-revamp-957298-2017-01-27|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328080500/https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/pm-modi-bjp-kamal-sandesh-cashless-currency-revamp-957298-2017-01-27 |archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref>}}<br />
''Kamal Barta'' {{nowrap|([[Bengali language|Bengali]])<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sengupta|first=Tamal|title=Bengal BJP revamps party mouthpiece before 2018 panchayet elections|work=The Economic Times|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bengal-bjp-revamps-party-mouthpiece-before-2018-panchayet-elections/articleshow/54717459.cms?_oref=cook|url-status=live|access-date=29 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414061226/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bengal-bjp-revamps-party-mouthpiece-before-2018-panchayet-elections/articleshow/54717459.cms?_oref=cook&from=mdr|archive-date=14 April 2023}}</ref>}}
| students           = [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]]<br />(tidak resmi)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad is not the students' wing of BJP: Shreehari Borikar|url=https://www.abvp.org/akhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228202158/https://www.abvp.org/akhil-bhartiya-vidyarthi-parishad-not-students-wing-bjp-shreehari-borikar|archive-date=28 February 2020|access-date=23 September 2019}}</ref>
| youth             = [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]]<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 January 2019|title=BJP youth wing launches its campaign for party's Lok Sabha poll win|work=Economic Times|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win/articleshow/67574466.cms|url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008021552/https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bjp-youth-wing-launches-its-campaign-for-partys-lok-sabha-poll-win/articleshow/67574466.cms|archive-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
| women             = [[BJP Mahila Morcha]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 April 2019 |title=Quota for women in council of ministers among Mahila Morcha's suggestions for BJP poll manifesto |work=Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/quota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto/articleshow/68738662.cms |url-status=live |access-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023222414/https://m.economictimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/quota-for-women-in-council-of-ministers-among-mahila-morchas-suggestions-for-bjp-poll-manifesto/articleshow/68738662.cms |archive-date=23 October 2021}}</ref>
| peasants           = BJP Kisan Morcha<ref name="KisanMorcha">{{Cite news|last=Rajkumar|title=सरकार की नीतियों को किसानों तक पहुंचाएगा बीजेपी किसान मोर्चा|work=m.patrika.com|url=https://m.patrika.com/noida-news/bjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257/|url-status=live|access-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019220329/https://m.patrika.com/noida-news/bjp-kisan-morcha-provide-farmers-government-policies-to-the-people-hindi-news-1541257/ |archive-date=19 October 2020}}</ref>
| think_tank        = Public Policy Research Centre<ref>{{Cite web|title=Public Policy Research Centre|url=http://www.pprc.in/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726220734/http://www.pprc.in/|archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Thinktank">—{{Cite news|last=Express News Service |date=23 May 2020|title=BJP think tank offers online course in governance; babus to impart lessons|work=newindianexpress.com|publisher=The New Indian Express|location=New Delhi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/23/bjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html |url-status=live|access-date=14 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714094916/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/23/bjp-think-tank-offers-online-course-in-governance-babus-to-impart-lessons-2146940.html |archive-date=14 July 2020}}
* {{cite news|url =https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/bjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html|title =BJP think tank releases Modi Govt's 100-day report card|publisher =[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|quote =Public Policy Research Center (PPRC), BJP's think tank, on Monday released a comprehensive report on 100 major decisions and initiatives taken by Modi Government in first 100 days.|location =New Delhi|date =10 September 2019|website =dailypioneer.com|access-date =14 July 2020|archive-date =16 July 2020|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200716135158/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/bjp-think-tank-releases-modi-govt---s-100-day-report-card.html|url-status =live}}</ref>
| website           = {{Official URL}}
| predecessor       = [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]<br />(1951–1977)<ref name=":4000" /><br />[[Partai Janata]]<br />(1977–1980)<ref name=":4000" />
| split             = [[Partai Janata]]<ref name=":4000" />
| labour            = [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pragya Singh|date=15 January 2008|title=Need to Know BJP-led BMS is biggest labour union in India|work=live mint|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html |url-status=live|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103131425/https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html|archive-date=3 November 2018}}</ref>
| international     = [[Persatuan Demokrat Asia Pasifik]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Democrat Union » Asia Pacific Democrat Union (APDU)|url=http://idu.org/asia-pacific-democrat-union-apdu/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616235358/http://idu.org/asia-pacific-democrat-union-apdu/|archive-date=16 June 2017|access-date=12 June 2017|website=International Democracy Union}}</ref>
| colours           = {{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|border=darkgray}} Saffron<ref>{{Cite web|last=Iwanek|first=Krzysztof|date=10 September 2018|title=Paint It Saffron: The Colors of Indian Political Parties|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/paint-it-saffron-the-colors-of-indian-political-parties/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623014149/https://thediplomat.com/2018/09/paint-it-saffron-the-colors-of-indian-political-parties/|archive-date=23 June 2021|access-date=5 July 2021|publisher=[[The Diplomat]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
| symbol   = Teratai<br />[[File:Lotos flower symbol.svg|100px]]
| flag     = BJP flag.svg
| leader   =
}}
'''Partai Bharatiya Janata''' (BJP) (Hindi: भारतीय जानता पार्टी [भाजपा]), terjemahan: Partai Rakyat India), adalah sebuah partai politik di [[India]] dan salah satu dari dua partai politik utama di India bersama dengan [[Kongres Nasional India]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 May 2016|title=In Numbers: The Rise of BJP and decline of Congress|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/-In-Numbers-The-Rise-of-BJP-and-decline-of-Congress/articleshow/52341190.cms|url-status=live|access-date=29 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105170102/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/-In-Numbers-The-Rise-of-BJP-and-decline-of-Congress/articleshow/52341190.cms|archive-date=5 November 2017}}</ref>Sejak tahun 2014, partai ini menjadi partai politik yang berkuasa di India di bawah [[Perdana Menteri]] saat ini, [[Narendra Modi]].<ref name="zeenews-25May19">{{Cite news |date=25 May 2019 |title=Lok Sabha Election results 2019: EC declares results of all 542 seats, BJP wins 303 |work=Zee News |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-live-updates-bjp-narendra-modi-nda-2205806 |url-status=live |access-date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602032641/https://zeenews.india.com/india/live-updates/lok-sabha-election-results-2019-live-updates-bjp-narendra-modi-nda-2205806 |archive-date=2 June 2019}}</ref>

Ideologi resmi BJP adalah Humanisme Integral yang pertama kali dirumuskan oleh [[Deendayal Upadhyaya]] pada tahun 1965. Partai ini menganjurkan [[konservatisme sosial]] dan kebijakan luar negeri yang berpusat pada prinsip-prinsip nasional. Meskipun BJP adalah partai [[nasionalis Hindu]], partai ini mempunyai fokus yang kuat pada kebijakan ekonomi yang lebih liberal yang mendukung [[globalisasi]] dan pertumbuhan ekonomi.

Keberhasilan BJP dalam memerintah pemerintahan India di bawah [[Narendra Modi]] mencakup pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stabil, inisiatif pembangunan infrastruktur yang besar, langkah-langkah untuk meningkatkan kredibilitas pemerintah, serta upaya untuk memperkuat hubungan luar negeri, terutama dalam konteks kawasan Asia Selatan dan pasar global. Modi juga menekankan pada program sosial seperti Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Kampanye India Bersih) dan Jan Dhan Yojana (Skema Pemeliharaan Bank) untuk meningkatkan standar hidup masyarakat India. Namun, BJP sering dikaitkan dengan pandangan nasionalis Hindu, sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran di kalangan beberapa kelompok agama minoritas seperti [[Muslim]]. Beberapa partai mengkritik BJP atas kebijakan dan tindakan yang mereka yakini merugikan kelompok minoritas dan posisi India sebagai [[negara sekuler]].

==Nama dan simbol==
Nama dan lambang partai dipilih oleh pendiri. Nama "Partai Bharatiya Janata" secara harfiah diterjemahkan sebagai "Partai Rakyat India". Simbol pestanya adalah bunga [[Teratai]](Nelumbo nucifera).<ref>{{Cite web |first=Joanna |last=Banerjee-Fischer |title=What do India's political logos symbolize?|date=January 27, 2024 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-do-indias-political-logos-symbolize/a-68095324 |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=dw.com |language=en |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324083500/https://www.dw.com/en/what-do-indias-political-logos-symbolize/a-68095324 |url-status=live }}</ref>Bunga teratai, atau Padma dalam [[bahasa Sansekerta]], memiliki makna simbolis yang kaya dalam agama [[Hindu]] dan [[budaya India]].Begitu juga, semasa pergerakan kemerdekaan India, simbol ini digunakan oleh nasionalis India sebagai lambang pemberontakan terhadap [[Kemaharajaan Britania]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Suraiya |first=Jug |title=NaMo and the lotus |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/jugglebandhi/namo-and-the-lotus/?source=app&frmapp=yes |access-date=2024-03-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=24 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324083458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/jugglebandhi/namo-and-the-lotus/?source=app&frmapp=yes |url-status=live }}</ref>

Selain penggunaan simbol teratai, partai politik tersebut juga kemungkinan besar memanfaatkan warna kuning kunyit (Saffron) dalam materi promosi dan kampanye mereka. Sama seperti teratai, warna kuning kunyit memiliki makna signifikan dalam agama Hindu.
Bendera yang paling umum digunakan oleh partai tersebut terutama berwarna saffron dengan satu garis hijau di sisi kiri. Di bagian saffron bendera, simbol teratai juga dimasukkan. Skema warna tertentu yang digunakan dalam bendera membantu partai tersebut untuk memproyeksikan dirinya sebagai partai [[sekuler]]. Sementara itu, ini juga membantu partai tersebut untuk mempertahankan nada agama bagi pemilih inti dan kelompok pendukung nasionalis Hindu.
==Sejarah==
===Partai Pendahulu===
{{Main|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
====Bharatiya Jana Sangh (1951–77)====
Asal-usul BJP bermula dengan [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]], yang juga dikenal sebagai Jana Sangh, yang didirikan oleh [[Syama Prasad Mukherjee]] pada tahun 1951 sebagai respons terhadap dominasi politik Partai [[Kongres Nasional India]].{{sfn|Noorani|1978|p=216}}.Didirikan dengan kerjasama organisasi sukarelawan nasionalis Hindu, [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), dan dianggap sebagai perwakilan politik RSS. Tujuan Jana Sangh termasuk perlindungan identitas budaya "Hindu" India. Jana Sangh hanya memenangkan tiga kursi di Lok Sabha dalam pemilihan umum pertama pada tahun 1952. Ia mempertahankan kehadiran minoritas di parlemen hingga tahun 1967.

Kempen besar pertama Jana Sangh, yang dimulai pada awal 1953, difokuskan pada tuntutan untuk integrasi penuh [[Jammu dan Kashmir]] ke dalam India.{{sfn|Guha|2007|p=250}}. Mukherjee ditangkap pada bulan Mei 1953 karena melanggar perintah dari pemerintah negara bagian yang melarangnya masuk ke Kashmir. Dia meninggal dunia akibat serangan jantung pada bulan berikutnya, saat masih berada di penjara. Mauli Chandra Sharma terpilih untuk menggantikan Mukherjee; namun, dia dipaksa keluar dari jabatan oleh aktivis RSS dalam partai, dan kepemimpinan diambil alih oleh Upadhyaya. Upadhyaya tetap sebagai Sekretaris Jenderal hingga tahun 1967. Upadhyaya juga merumuskan falsafah [[humanisme integral]], yang menjadi doktrin resmi partai.

Pemimpin muda, seperti Atal Bihari Vajpayee dan Lal Krishna Advani, juga terlibat dalam kepemimpinan pada periode ini, dengan Vajpayee menggantikan Upadhyaya sebagai presiden pada tahun 1968. Setelah pemilihan umum negara bagian pada tahun 1967, partai tersebut membentuk aliansi dengan beberapa partai lain, termasuk [[Partai Swatantra]] dan sosialis. Mereka membentuk pemerintahan di beberapa negara bagian di [[Sabuk Hindi]], termasuk [[Madhya Pradesh]],[[Bihar]], dan [[Uttar Pradesh]].{{sfn|Guha|2007|pp=427–428}}
====Janata Party (1977–80)====
Pada tahun 1975, Perdana Menteri [[Indira Gandhi]] memperkenalkan keadaan [[Masa Darurat (India)|darurat]]. Jana Sangh turut serta dalam protes massal, dengan ribuan anggotanya dipenjara bersama dengan para penentang lain di seluruh negara. Pada tahun 1977, darurat dicabut dan pemilihan umum diadakan. Jana Sangh bergabung dengan partai dari berbagai spektrum politik, termasuk [[Kongres Nasional India (Organisasi)]], dan Bharatiya Lok Dal untuk membentuk Partai Janata, dengan agenda utamanya adalah mengalahkan Indira Gandhi.Partai Janata memenangkan mayoritas pada tahun 1977 dan membentuk pemerintahan dengan [[Morarji Desai]] sebagai Perdana Menteri. Mantan anggota Jana Sangh memberikan kontribusi terbesar pada kontingen parlemen Partai Janata, dengan 93 kursi atau 31% dari kekuatannya. [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Vajpayee]], yang sebelumnya merupakan pemimpin Jana Sangh, diangkat sebagai [[Menteri Urusan Luar Negeri (India)|Menteri Urusan Luar Negeri]].{{sfn|Guha|2007|pp=538–540}}

Pemimpin nasional bekas Jana Sangh dengan sengaja menolak identitas mereka, dan mencoba untuk mengintegrasikan diri dengan budaya politik Partai Janata, berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip Gandhian dan tradisionalis Hindu. Tingkat negara bagian dan lokal Jana Sangh tetap relatif tidak berubah, tetap mempertahankan hubungan yang kuat dengan RSS, yang tidak disambut baik oleh konstituen tengah-kanan yang moderat. Konstituen utama lain dari Partai Janata menuntut agar mantan anggota Jana Sangh menjauhkan diri dari RSS, yang mereka enggan lakukan. Akhirnya, sebagian dari Partai Janata pecah untuk membentuk Partai Janata (Sekuler). Pemerintahan Morarji Desai menjadi minoritas di Parlemen, memaksa Desai untuk mengundurkan diri. Setelah periode pemerintahan koalisi yang singkat, pemilihan umum diadakan pada tahun 1980, di mana Partai Janata mengalami kekalahan besar, hanya memenangkan 31 kursi. Pada April 1980, segera setelah pemilihan umum, Majelis Eksekutif Nasional Partai Janata melarang anggotanya untuk menjadi 'anggota dua partai' dari partai dan RSS. Sebagai tanggapan, mantan anggota Jana Sangh meninggalkan partai untuk membentuk sebuah partai politik baru, dikenal sebagai Bharatiya Janata Party.{{sfn|Jaffrelot|1996|pp=301–312}}{{sfn|Guha|2007|pp=538–540}}

===BJP (1980-sekarang)===
====Pembentukan partai dan masa-masa awal====
Meskipun BJP yang baru terbentuk secara teknis berbeda dari Jana Sangh, sebagian besar anggotanya dan staf tingkat rendahnya sama dengan pendahulunya, dengan Vajpayee menjadi presiden pertamanya. BJP awalnya mencoba untuk merendahkan sikap nasionalis Hindu dari pendahulunya, Jana Sangh, untuk mendapatkan dukungan yang lebih luas, dengan menekankan hubungannya dengan Partai Janata dan ideologi sosialisme Gandhian. Namun, upaya ini tidak berhasil, karena partai hanya memenangkan dua kursi di Lok Sabha dalam pemilihan umum 1984.[[Pembunuhan Indira Gandhi]] beberapa bulan sebelumnya menyebabkan gelombang dukungan untuk Kongres yang memenangkan jumlah rekor 403 kursi, menyebabkan hasil yang rendah bagi BJP.

JP memenangkan 86 kursi di [[Lok Sabha]] pada tahun 1989, jumlah yang membuat dukungannya penting bagi pemerintahan "Front Nasional" di bawah V. P. Singh.{{sfn|Guha|2007|pp=582–598}} Kemudian, BJP menarik dukungannya dari pemerintahan [[V.P. Singh]], menyebabkan pemilihan umum baru diadakan. BJP meningkatkan jumlahnya menjadi 120 kursi, dan memenangkan mayoritas di dewan perwakilan negara bagian [[Uttar Pradesh]].{{sfn|Guha|2007|pp=633–659}}. 

Dalam pemilihan umum parlemen pada tahun 1996, BJP memenangkan 161 kursi di Lok Sabha, menjadikannya partai terbesar di parlemen. Vajpayee diangkat sebagai Perdana Menteri tetapi tidak dapat mencapai mayoritas di Lok Sabha, memaksa pemerintahan untuk mengundurkan diri setelah 13 hari.{{sfn|Guha|2007|p=633}}
====Era Vajpayee (1996–2004)====
{{further|Aliansi Demokratik Nasional (India)}}
Sebuah koalisi partai-partai regional membentuk pemerintahan pada tahun 1996, tetapi koalisi tersebut tidak bertahan lama, dan pemilihan umum pertengahan periode diadakan pada tahun 1998. BJP berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan sebagai pemimpin koalisi yang disebut [[Aliansi Demokratik Nasional (India)|Aliansi Demokratik Nasional]] (NDA), yang terdiri dari Partai Samata, [[hiromani Akali Dal]], [[Shiv Sena]], [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), dan [[Biju Janata Dal]].

NDA memiliki mayoritas dengan dukungan eksternal dari [[Partai Negeri Telugu]]  dan Vajpayee kembali sebagai Perdana Menteri. Namun, koalisi itu pecah pada Mei 1999 ketika pemimpin AIADMK, [[Jayalalithaa]], menarik dukungannya, dan pemilihan umum baru diadakan kembali.{{sfn|Outlook|2013}}

Pada 13 Oktober 1999, tanpa dukungan dari AIADMK, NDA memenangkan 303 kursi di parlemen, sehingga memperoleh mayoritas mutlak. BJP mencatat jumlah kursi tertinggi sepanjang masa dengan 183 kursi. Vajpayee menjadi Perdana Menteri untuk ketiga kalinya. Pemerintahan NDA ini berlangsung selama lima tahun penuh. Agenda dasarnya termasuk pendekatan yang lebih agresif dalam pertahanan dan kebijakan ekonomi [[Neoliberalisme]].{{sfn|Sen|2005|pp=251–272}}
====Oposisi (2004–2014)====
Vajpayee memanggil untuk pemilihan umum awal pada tahun 2004, enam bulan lebih awal dari jadwalnya. Kampanye NDA didasarkan pada slogan "India Shining", yang mencoba menggambarkan mereka sebagai bertanggung jawab atas transformasi ekonomi negara yang pesat. Namun, NDA mengalami kekalahan yang besar dan tidak terduga, hanya memenangkan 186 kursi di Lok Sabha, dibandingkan dengan 222 kursi untuk Kongres dan sekutunya. [[Manmohan Singh]] menggantikan Vajpayee sebagai Perdana Menteri.

Pada Mei 2008, BJP memenangkan [[Pemilihan umum Majelis Legislatif Karnataka 2008]] . Ini adalah kali pertama partai tersebut memenangkan pemilihan umum legislatif di mana pun di [[India Selatan]]. Namun, pada tahun 2013, mereka gagal merebut kembali Karnataka setelah kalah dalam [[Pemilihan umum Majelis Legislatif Karnataka 2013]].

Dalam pemilihan umum 2009, kekuatan mereka di Lok Sabha berkurang menjadi 116 kursi.
====Era Modi (2014–sekarang)====
Dalam [[Pemilihan Umum India 2014|pemilihan umum India tahun 2014]], BJP memenangkan 282 kursi, membawa NDA total mencapai 336 kursi di Lok Sabha yang berjumlah 543 kursi.  {{sfn|Mathew|2014}} [[Narendra Modi]] diangkat sebagai [[Daftar perdana menteri India|Perdana Menteri India]] yang ke-14 pada 26 Mei 2014. Ini adalah kali pertama sejak 1984 di mana sebuah partai tunggal mencapai mayoritas mutlak di [[Parlemen India]]{{sfn|Times of India|2014}} , dan juga pertama kalinya mencapai mayoritas di [[Lok Sabha]] dengan kekuatan sendiri.

Para analis politik telah menyebut beberapa alasan untuk kemenangan ini, termasuk popularitas Modi, dan kehilangan dukungan terhadap Kongres akibat skandal korupsi. BJP juga berhasil memperluas basis dukungan tradisionalnya dari golongan kasta tinggi dan kelas atas, serta mendapatkan dukungan signifikan dari golongan kelas menengah dan [[Dalit]], serta dari kelompok Kasta Terbelakang Lainnya.{{sfn|Varshney|2014}}{{sfn|Sridharan|2014}}

Selama periode pertama Modi sebagai perdana menteri, BJP memperluas kehadirannya di beberapa negara bagian di mana sebelumnya hanya menjadi pemain minor, dan mendapatkan kembali kekuasaan di negara bagian lain di mana telah menjadi oposisi untuk waktu yang cukup lama. [[Assam]], [[Tripura]],[[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Haryana]], dan [[Jammu dan Kashmir]] menyaksikan peningkatan pengaruh BJP, dan partai tersebut memasuki pemerintahan di beberapa negara bagian ini.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karmakar |first=Rahul |date=2018-12-31 |title=2018 was a landmark year for BJP, women in Northeast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/2018-was-a-landmark-year-for-bjp-women-in-northeast/article25875880.ece |access-date=2024-02-14 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240214103448/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/2018-was-a-landmark-year-for-bjp-women-in-northeast/article25875880.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Pada tahun 2019, BJP memenangkan pemilihan umum dengan peningkatan mayoritas.

==Keputusan pilihanraya umum==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Tahun
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"|Ketua partai
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Total kursi
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Perubahan kursi
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Persentase	
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Perubahan Undi
! style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Status 
! class="unsortable" style="background:#f93; color:white;"| Ref.
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1984
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|{{Composition bar|2|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 2
| 7.74%
| –
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1984}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1989
|rowspan=2| Lal Krishna Advani
|{{Composition bar|85|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 83
| 11.36%
| {{increase}} 3.62%
| {{partial|Keyakinan dan pasokan untuk Barisan Nasional India}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1989}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1991
|{{Composition bar|120|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 35
| 20.11%
| {{increase}} 8.75%
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1991}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1996
|rowspan=4|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|{{Composition bar|161|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 41
| 20.29%
| {{increase}} 0.18%
| {{partial|Pemerintah, kemudian Oposisi}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1996}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1998
|{{Composition bar|182|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 21
| 25.59%
| {{increase}} 5.30%
| {{yes2|Pemerintah}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1998}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 1999
|{{Composition bar|182|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{steady}}
| 23.75%
| {{decrease}} 1.84%
| {{yes2|Pemerintah}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|1999}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2004
|{{Composition bar|138|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 44
| 22.16%
| {{decrease}} 1.69%
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|2004}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2009
|Lal Krishna Advani
|{{Composition bar|116|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{decrease}} 22
| 18.80%
| {{decrease}} 3.36%
| {{no2|Oposisi}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|2009}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2014
|rowspan=3|[[Narendra Modi]]
|{{Composition bar|282|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 166
| 31.34%
| {{increase}} 12.54%
| {{yes2|Pemerintah}}
|{{sfn|Election Commission|2014}}
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2019
|{{Composition bar|303|543|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
| {{increase}} 21
| 37.46%
|{{increase}} 6.12%
| {{yes2|Pemerintah}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Sanjay |date=28 May 2019 |title=BJP: Here's how BJP earned the massive mandate: Explained in numbers |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/heres-how-bjp-earned-massive-mandate-explained-in-numbers/articleshow/69529857.cms |url-status=live |access-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203005824/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/heres-how-bjp-earned-massive-mandate-explained-in-numbers/articleshow/69529857.cms |archive-date=3 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=20. Performance of National Parties |url=https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10955-20-performance-of-national-parties/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073533/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/10955-20-performance-of-national-parties/ |archive-date=7 January 2021 |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=Election Commission of India}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:center;"
| 2024
| colspan="6" |'''untuk ditentukan'''
|}

==Daftar kepala pemerintahan==
{{further|Daftar Perdana Menteri India}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|No.
!rowspan="2"|Potret
!rowspan="2"|Perdana Menteri
!rowspan="2"|Daerah pemilihan.
!colspan="3"|Masa jabatan
!rowspan="2"|Lok Sabha
|-
!Start
!End
!Tenure
|-
!rowspan="3"|1
|rowspan="3"|[[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|100px]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Lucknow]]
|16 Mei 1996
|1 Juni 1996
|{{ayd|16 May 1996|1 June 1996}}
|[[11th Lok Sabha|11th]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|19 Mac 1998
|rowspan="2"|22 Mei 2004
|rowspan="2"|{{ayd|19 March 1998|22 May 2004}}
|[[12th Lok Sabha|12th]]
|-
|[[13th Lok Sabha|13th]]
|-
!rowspan="2"|2
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Official Photograph of Prime Minister Narendra Modi Potrait.png|100px]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Narendra Modi]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Varanasi]]
|rowspan="2"|26 May 2014
|rowspan="2"|'''''petahana'''''
|rowspan="2"|{{ayd|26 May 2014}}
|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
|-
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|-
|}

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala luar ==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.bjp.org/ BJP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190312121347/http://www.bjp.org/ |date=2019-03-12 }}

[[Kategori:Partai konservatif sosial|Bharatiya Janata]]
[[Kategori:Partai politik di India]]
[[Kategori:Partai konservatif nasional]]
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