Latae sententiae

Latae sententiae adalah istilah Bahasa Latin yang digunakan di dalam Hukum Kanon Gereja Katolik Roma yang berarti secara harafiah "dijatuhi hukuman".

Secara resmi, sebuah hukuman latae sententiae secara langsung terjadi begitu hukum dilanggar. Sebuah hukuman latae sententiae bisa berbentuk salah satu dari tiga hal berikut: ekskomunikasi, interdiksi, atau penangguhan. Ekskomunikasi melarang dilakukannya hak-hak pembaptisan tertentu, dan bisa melibatkan pelarangan keikut-sertaan dalam acara-acara liturgi dan kepengurusan gereja, dan pelarangan penerimaan rahmat-rahmat gereja. Sebuah interdiksi melibatkan pelarangan-pelarangan liturgis seperti ekskomunikasi, naun tidak mempengaruhi keikut-sertaan di dalam kepengurusan gereja. Penangguhan, yang mempengaruhi hanya para anggota pengurus gereja, mempengaruhi seluruh atau sebagian kuasa memerintah, kepengurusan, atau fungsi yang melekat pada suatu jabatan tertentu. ]</ref>

Some instances in which one incurs interdict latae sententiae include the following:

• using physical force against a bishop;
• attempting to preside at Eucharist, or giving sacramental absolution, when not a priest;
• falsely denouncing a confessor for soliciting a penitent to sin against the sixth commandment; and
• a perpetually professed religious who attempts marriage.

If the ecclesiastical authority notices someone incurring what it considers a latae sententiae penalty, it may declare that the person has done so. However, the punishment is in effect since the perceived fault was committed, and the declaration simply aims to ascertain what the Church considers a fact.

A latae sententiae penalty differs from a ferendae sententiae (sentence to be made) one. If one commits an ecclesiastical offense for which a ferendae sententiae punishment is prescribed, the penalty will only take effect when imposed by the competent ecclesiastical authority.

Note that latae sententiae is an adjectival phrase accompanying a noun, such as "excommunication". In connection with a verb, the corresponding adverbial phrase is in ablative absolute form, as in: "He was excommunicated lata sententia." -->