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== Catatan kaki ==
== Catatan kaki ==

{{reflist}}
{{reflist|30em|refs=
<!-- career -->
<ref name="facebook_page">{{cite web |url= https://www.facebook.com/pages/Manal-Alsharif-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81/128474127232675 |title= Manal Alsharif منال الشريف {{!}} Facebook |author= Manal al-Sharif |accessdate=19 August 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="RTBF_geek">{{cite news |first= |last= |pages= |language=French |title=Histoire du monde : le droit de conduire |date=23 May 2011 |publisher=[[RTBF]] |url=http://www.rtbf.be/info/emissions/article_histoire-du-monde-le-droit-de-conduire?id=6150133 |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yuCaBaJy?url=http://www.rtbf.be/info/emissions/article_histoire-du-monde-le-droit-de-conduire?id=6150133 |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="nyt_reputation">{{cite news|first=Neil |last=MacFarquhar |pages= |title=Saudis Arrest Woman Leading Right-to-Drive Campaign |date=23 May 2011 |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/world/middleeast/24saudi.html |accessdate=24 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yx2xNqzx?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/world/middleeast/24saudi.html?_r=1 |archivedate=25 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="Amnesty_FreeManal24May">{{cite web|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Saudi Arabia urged to release woman arrested following driving campaign |work= |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |date=24 May 2011 |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/saudi-arabia-urged-release-woman-arrested-following-driving-campaign-2011-05-24 |format= |doi= |accessdate=25 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yx4M2XVK?url=http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/saudi-arabia-urged-release-woman-arrested-following-driving-campaign-2011-05-24 |archivedate=25 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="LinkedIn_cv">{{cite web|last=|first=|authorlink=|coauthors=|title=Manal Al-Sharif - Computer Security Consultant II|work=|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|year=2011|url=http://sa.linkedin.com/pub/manal-al-sharif/3/b77/806|format=|doi=|accessdate=26 May 2011|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yy82mN9i?url=http://sa.linkedin.com/pub/manal-al-sharif/3/b77/806|archivedate=26 May 2011|deadurl=yes|df=}}</ref>

<ref name=DC>{{cite web |url=http://dailycaller.com/2012/05/14/saudi-woman-driver-i-was-pressured-out-of-my-job-for-my-activism/#ixzz1v2xMtZMr |title=Saudi woman driver: I was pressured out of my job for my activism |author=Jamie Weinstein |date=14 May 2012 |work=The Daily Caller |accessdate=16 May 2012}}</ref>

<!-- background -->
<ref name="BBC_huwaider">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7159077.stm Saudi women make video protest] [[BBC]]. Tuesday 11 March 2008. Retrieved on 23 May 2010.</ref>

<ref name="ABCUS_huwaider">Setrakian, Lara. "[http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=4420162&page=1 Saudi Woman Drives on YouTube]." ''[[ABC News]]''. 10 March 2008. Retrieved on 23 May 2010.</ref>

<ref name="USState_huwaider">{{cite web|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Saudi Arabia |work= |publisher=[[United States State Department]] |date=25 February 2009 |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119126.htm |doi= |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yu1Mt6Uf?url=http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119126.htm |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="cv_huwaider">{{cite web|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Women Deliver 100: 26 - 50 |work= |publisher=Women deliver |year=2011 |url=http://www.womendeliver.org/knowledge-center/publications/women-deliver-100/women-deliver-100-26-50/ |format= |doi= |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yu1gjUj9?url=http://www.womendeliver.org/knowledge-center/publications/women-deliver-100/women-deliver-100-26-50/ |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="BBC_NHariri">{{cite news|first=Michael |last=Buchanan |pages= |title=Saudi woman seeks to put women in the driving seat |date=18 May 2011 |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13431562 |accessdate=29 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5z313nIzP?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13431562 |archivedate=29 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<!-- 2011 driving campaign -->
<ref name="AP_detained21May">{{cite news|first=Abdullah |last=Al-Shihri |pages= |title=Manal al-Sherif, Saudi Woman, Detained For Defying Driving Ban |date=21 May 2011 |publisher=[[Huffington Post]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/21/manal-al-sherif-saudi-arabia-driving-ban_n_865120.html |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yu3HUXsL?url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/05/21/manal-al-sherif-saudi-arabia-driving-ban_n_865120.html |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="cnn22May_detained">[http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/05/21/saudi.women.drivers/ Saudi woman claims she was detained for driving] on CNN.com, 22 May 2011</ref>

<ref name="France24_huwaiderfilmed">{{cite news|first=Wajeha |last=al-Huwaider |pages= |title=The Saudi woman who took to the driver's seat |date=23 May 2011 |publisher=[[France 24]] |url=http://observers.france24.com/content/20110523-saudi-woman-arrested-defying-driving-ban-manal-al-sharif-khobar |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yuEa50k5?url=http://observers.france24.com/content/20110523-saudi-woman-arrested-defying-driving-ban-manal-al-sharif-khobar |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="Indep23May_detained">{{cite news|first=Catrina |last=Stewart |pages= |title=Saudi woman arrested after defying driving ban |date=23 May 2011 |publisher=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-woman-arrested-after-defying-driving-ban-2287817.html |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yu3n9CvL?url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-woman-arrested-after-defying-driving-ban-2287817.html |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=no |location=London |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="arabnews_alajlan">{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Lawmakers hold key to women’s driving: Al-Ajlan |date=23 May 2011 |publisher=[[Arab News]] |url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article424287.ece |accessdate=23 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yu4wrGar?url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article424287.ece |archivedate=23 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="nyt_instructions">{{cite news|first=Robert |last=Mackey |pages= |title=Saudi Woman's Driving Video Preserved Online |date=24 May 2011 |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/saudi-womans-driving-video-preserved-online/ |accessdate=24 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yx32j1WW?url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/saudi-womans-driving-video-preserved-online |archivedate=25 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="alNafjan_5rules">{{cite web|last=al-Nafjan |first=Eman Fahad |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Manal Al Sherif |work= |publisher= |date=21 May 2011 |url=http://saudiwoman.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/manal-al-sherif/ |format= |doi= |accessdate=24 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yx35Fe6m?url=http://saudiwoman.wordpress.com/2011/05/21/manal-al-sherif/ |archivedate=25 May 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="arabnews_qassimdriver23May">{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Saudi woman caught driving in Qassim |date=24 May 2011 |publisher=[[Arab News]] |url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article426646.ece |accessdate=24 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yx38EwCN?url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article426646.ece |archivedate=25 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="AP_10days_26May">{{cite news|first=Maggie |last=Michael |pages= |title=Saudi authorities extend detention of woman who defied ban on female drivers |date=26 May 2011 |publisher=[[Winnipeg Free Press]]/[[Associated Press|AP]] |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/world/breakingnews/122654453.html |accessdate=26 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5yyZmIVOC?url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/world/breakingnews/122654453.html |archivedate=26 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="NationalAE_SharifFree30May">{{cite news |first=Caryle |last=Murphy |pages= |title=Saudi woman driver released from jail after nine days |date=31 May 2011 |publisher=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/middle-east/saudi-woman-driver-released-from-jail-after-nine-days |accessdate=31 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5z5Rde6sv?url=http://www.thenational.ae/news/worldwide/middle-east/saudi-woman-driver-released-from-jail-after-nine-days |archivedate=31 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="AFP_Sharif2BFreed30May">{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Detained Saudi woman driver to be freed on bail |date=31 May 2011 |publisher=[[France 24]]/[[Agence France Presse|AFP]] |url=http://www.france24.com/en/print/5203782?print=now |accessdate=31 May 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5z5RQ275p?url=http://www.france24.com/en/print/5203782?print=now |archivedate=31 May 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<!-- 2011women prisoners' campaign -->>
<ref name="ArabNews_prisonercampaign">{{cite news |first= |last= |pages= |title=Manal moved by plight of detained housemaids |date=3 June 2011 |publisher=[[Arab News]] |url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article447924.ece |accessdate=5 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zDjONYLt?url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article447924.ece |archivedate=5 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>

<ref name="Emirates247_prisonercampaign">{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Manal...from driving activist to prison activist |date=4 June 2011 |publisher=[[Emirates 24/7]] |url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/manal-from-driving-activist-to-prison-activist-2011-06-04-1.400974 |accessdate=5 June 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5zCP11fy6?url=http://www.emirates247.com/news/region/manal-from-driving-activist-to-prison-activist-2011-06-04-1.400974 |archivedate=4 June 2011 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>

<!-- 2011-2012 court case against authorities -->
<ref name="Bloomberg_w2d_vs_Interior">{{cite news|first=Donna |last=Abu-Nasr |pages= |title=Saudi Woman Sues Traffic Agency for Refusing Driver's License |date=4 February 2012 |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-04/saudi-woman-sues-traffic-agency-for-refusing-driver-s-license.html |accessdate=6 February 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65Hm3vogt?url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-04/saudi-woman-sues-traffic-agency-for-refusing-driver-s-license.html |archivedate=7 February 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="cnn_5Feb">{{cite news| url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-02-05/middleeast/world_meast_saudi-arabia-women-drivers_1_male-guardian-youtube-video-license?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST |publisher=CNN | title=Saudi women defy driving ban | date=17 June 2011}}</ref>

<ref name="teleg_w2d_vs_Interior">{{cite news|last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Saudi women launch legal fight against driving ban |work= |publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]]/[[Agence France Presse|AFP]] |date=6 February 2012 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/9062995/Saudi-women-launch-legal-fight-against-driving-ban.html |doi= |accessdate=13 January 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65Hm1sjlP?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/saudiarabia/9062995/Saudi-women-launch-legal-fight-against-driving-ban.html |archivedate=7 February 2012 |deadurl=no |location=London |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="presstv_badawi_filed_4Feb">{{cite news|first= |last= |pages= |title=Saudi women file lawsuit against govt. |date=5 February 2012 |publisher=[[Press TV]] |url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/224967.html |accessdate=11 February 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65JFBA74s?url=http://www.presstv.ir/detail/224967.html |archivedate=8 February 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="alNafjan_badawi_filed_4Feb">{{cite web|last=al-Nafjan |first=Eman |authorlink=Eman al-Nafjan |coauthors= |title=It's back on! |work= |publisher= |date=7 February 2012 |url=http://saudiwoman.me/2012/02/05/its-back-on/ |format= |doi= |accessdate=7 February 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65Nb15YGU?url=http://saudiwoman.me/2012/02/05/its-back-on/ |archivedate=11 February 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref>
<ref name="time">
{{cite news
| url = http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112132,00.html
| title = Manal al-Sharif - 2012 TIME 100: The Most Influential People in the World
| work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]]
| date= 18 April 2012
| accessdate= 6 May 2012
}}
</ref>
<ref name="foreignpolicy">
{{cite news
| url = https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers
| title = The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers
| work = [[Foreign Policy (magazine)|Foreign Policy]]
| date= 28 November 2011
| accessdate= 6 May 2012
}}
</ref>
<ref name="forbes">
{{cite news
| url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/meghancasserly/2011/08/25/power-women-fame-elizabeth-smart-christine-odonnell-pippa-middleton/
| title = Fifteen Minutes of Power: Women Who (Briefly) Rocked 2011
| work = [[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]
| date= 25 August 2011
| accessdate= 6 May 2012
}}
</ref>
<ref name="thedailybeast">
{{cite news
| url = http://www.thedailybeast.com/galleries/2012/03/08/women-in-the-world-150-fearless-women-photos.html#slide14
| title = Women in the World: 150 Women Fearless Women (Photos)
| work = [[The Daily Beast]]
| date= 8 March 2012
| accessdate= 6 May 2012
}}
</ref>
}}



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{{bio-stub}}

Revisi per 25 Juni 2018 08.34

Manal al-Sharif
منال الشريف
LahirManal Masoud Almonemi al-Sharif
25 April 1979 (umur 45)[1]
Mekkah, Arab Saudi
PekerjaanAhli komputer,[2] Saudi Aramco[3]
Dikenal atasMenentang larangan perempuan mengemudi di Arab Saudi[4][5]
Anak2

Manal al-Sharif (Arab: منال الشريف; lahir 25 April 1979) adalah seorang aktivis hak perempuan Arab Saudi yang membantu memulai kampanye yang mendukung hak perempuan untuk mengemudi pada tahun 2011. Seorang aktivis hak perempuan yang sebelumnya telah merekam dirinya sedang mengemudi, Wajeha al-Huwaider, merekam al-Sharif yang sedang mengemudi sebagai bagian dari kampanye tersebut.[6] Video ini diunggah ke YouTube dan Facebook.[4][5] Al-Sharif ditangkap dan dilepaskan pada tanggal 21 Mei 2011 dan ditangkap lagi pada hari berikutnya.[2][7] Pada tanggal 30 Mei, al-Sharif dilepaskan dengan jaminan[8] bahwa ia akan kembali untuk diinterogasi jika diminta, ia tidak akan mengemudi, dan ia tidak akan berbicara kepada media.[9]

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ Manal al-Sharif. "Manal Alsharif منال الشريف | Facebook". Diakses tanggal 19 August 2011. 
  2. ^ a b "Histoire du monde : le droit de conduire" (dalam bahasa French). RTBF. 23 May 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2011. 
  3. ^ "Manal Al-Sharif - Computer Security Consultant II". LinkedIn. 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 26 May 2011. 
  4. ^ a b Al-Shihri, Abdullah (21 May 2011). "Manal al-Sherif, Saudi Woman, Detained For Defying Driving Ban". Huffington Post/AP. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2011. 
  5. ^ a b Saudi woman claims she was detained for driving on CNN.com, 22 May 2011
  6. ^ al-Huwaider, Wajeha (23 May 2011). "The Saudi woman who took to the driver's seat". France 24. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2011. 
  7. ^ Stewart, Catrina (23 May 2011). "Saudi woman arrested after defying driving ban". London: The Independent. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 23 May 2011. 
  8. ^ "Detained Saudi woman driver to be freed on bail". France 24/AFP. 31 May 2011. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2011. 
  9. ^ Murphy, Caryle (31 May 2011). "Saudi woman driver released from jail after nine days". The National. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 31 May 2011. Diakses tanggal 31 May 2011. 

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Ikon rintisan

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Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manal_al-Sharif&oldid=13996170"