Rencana Satu Juta

Rencana Satu Juta adalah sebuah rencana untuk imigrasi dan pemindahan satu juta Yahudi dari Eropa, Timur Tengah, dan Afrika Utara ke Mandat Palestina, dalam jangka waktu 18 bulan, dalam rangka mendirikan sebuah negara di kawasan tersebut. Setelah disepakati oleh Agensi Yahudi untuk Israel pada tahun 1944, ini menjadi kebijakan resmi dari kepemimpinan Zionis.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Dalam sorotan keberadaan Holokaus yang diketahui pada 1944, ambisi Konfernesi Biltmore dari dua juta imigran direvisi, dan rencana tersebut diliputkan, untuk pertama kalinya, kepada Yahudi dari Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara sebagai kategori tunggal sebagai target rencana imigrasi.^[4]

Pada 1944-45, Ben-Gurion menyebut rencana tersebut kepada para pejabat asing sebagai "tujuan utama dan prioritas atas dari gerakan Zionis."^[5]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Ehrlich, Mark Avrum (2009), Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture, 1, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9781851098736, A Zionist plan. designed in 1943–1944, to bring 1 million Jews from Europe and the Middle East to Palestine as a means and a stage to establish a state. It was the first time the Jews of Islamic countries were explicitly included in a Zionist plan.
^ Meir-Glitzenstein 2004, hlm. 44 #1: "After it was presented to the Jewish Agency Executive, the One Million Plan became the official policy of the Zionist leadership. The immigration of the Jews of Islamic countries was explicit or implicit in all the declarations, testimonies, memoranda and demands issued by the Jewish Agency from World War ll until the establishment of the state."
^ Ofer 1991, hlm. 239:"This tactical approach, the demand for "control of aliyah" and the immediate immigration of two million (later, one million) Jews, was the declared policy of the Jewish Agency Executive until the end of the war."
^ Eyal 2006, hlm. 86: "The principal significance of this plan lies in the fact, noted by Yehuda Shenhav, that this was the first time in Zionist history that Jews from Middle Eastern and North African countries were all packaged together in one category as the target of an immigration plan. There were earlier plans to bring specific groups, such as the Yemenites, but the "one million plan" was, as Shenhav says, "the zero point," the moment when the category of mizrahi jews in the current sense of this term, as an ethnic group distinct from European-born jews, was invented."
^ Hacohen 1991, hlm. 262 #2: "In meetings with foreign officials at the end of 1944 and during 1945, Ben-Gurion cited the plan to enable one million refugees to enter Palestine immediately as the primary goal and top priority of the Zionist movement."

Daftar pustaka[sunting | sunting sumber]

Meir-Glitzenstein, Esther (2004), "The Reversal in Zionist Policy vis-a-vis the Jews of Islamic Countries: The One Million Plan", Zionism in an Arab Country: Jews in Iraq in the 1940s, Routledge, hlm. 35–47, ISBN 9781135768621
Hacohen, Dvora (1994), Tochnit hamillion [The One Million Plan] ("תוכנית המיליון, תוכניתו של דוד בן-גוריון לעלייה המונית בשנים 1942- 1945"), Tel Aviv: Ministry of Defense Publishing House
Eyal, Gil (2006), "The "One Million Plan" and the Development of a Discourse about the Absorption of the Jews from Arab Countries", The Disenchantment of the Orient: Expertise in Arab Affairs and the Israeli State, Stanford University Press, hlm. 86–89, ISBN 9780804754033
Segev, Tom (1998). 1949, the first Israelis. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-5896-6.
Shenhav, Yehouda (2006), The Arab Jews: A Postcolonial Reading of Nationalism, Religion, and Ethnicity, Stanford University Press, ISBN 9780804752961
Shenhav, Yehouda (2003), הערבים היהודים, Am Oved
Hacohen, Dvorah (1991), "BenGurion and the Second World War", dalam Jonathan Frankel, Studies in Contemporary Jewry : Volume VII: Jews and Messianism in the Modern Era: Metaphor and Meaning, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195361988
Ofer, Dalia (1991), "Illegal Immigration During the Second World War: Its Suspension and Subsequent Resumption", dalam Jonathan Frankel, Studies in Contemporary Jewry : Volume VII: Jews and Messianism in the Modern Era: Metaphor and Meaning, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195361988
Hakohen, Devorah (2003), Immigrants in Turmoil: Mass Immigration to Israel and Its Repercussions in the 1950s and After, Syracuse University Press, ISBN 9780815629696
Ofer, Dalia (1991), Escaping the Holocaust illegal immigration to the land of Israel, 1939-1944, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195063400
Katz, Yossi (2000), "Tourism in the Land of Israel in Mandate times: Programs by the Zionist establishment to advance the industry, 1940s until the establishment of the State", dalam Pinhas Genosar, Revival of Israel Studies ("עיונים בתקומת ישראל"), Ben-Gurion University Press, ISSN 0792-7169

[1] Ehrlich, Mark Avrum (2009), Encyclopedia of the Jewish Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture, 1, ABC-CLIO, ISBN 9781851098736, A Zionist plan. designed in 1943–1944, to bring 1 million Jews from Europe and the Middle East to Palestine as a means and a stage to establish a state. It was the first time the Jews of Islamic countries were explicitly included in a Zionist plan.

[FOOTNOTEMeir-Glitzenstein200444_#1-2] Meir-Glitzenstein 2004, hlm. 44 #1: "After it was presented to the Jewish Agency Executive, the One Million Plan became the official policy of the Zionist leadership. The immigration of the Jews of Islamic countries was explicit or implicit in all the declarations, testimonies, memoranda and demands issued by the Jewish Agency from World War ll until the establishment of the state."

[FOOTNOTEOfer1991239-3] Ofer 1991, hlm. 239:"This tactical approach, the demand for "control of aliyah" and the immediate immigration of two million (later, one million) Jews, was the declared policy of the Jewish Agency Executive until the end of the war."

[FOOTNOTEEyal200686-4] Eyal 2006, hlm. 86: "The principal significance of this plan lies in the fact, noted by Yehuda Shenhav, that this was the first time in Zionist history that Jews from Middle Eastern and North African countries were all packaged together in one category as the target of an immigration plan. There were earlier plans to bring specific groups, such as the Yemenites, but the "one million plan" was, as Shenhav says, "the zero point," the moment when the category of mizrahi jews in the current sense of this term, as an ethnic group distinct from European-born jews, was invented."

[Hacohen262-5] Hacohen 1991, hlm. 262 #2: "In meetings with foreign officials at the end of 1944 and during 1945, Ben-Gurion cited the plan to enable one million refugees to enter Palestine immediately as the primary goal and top priority of the Zionist movement."

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