Afro-Brasil

Afro-Brasil
*Afro-Brasileiros*
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
	Seluruh bagian negara; persen tertinggi ditemukan di timur laut
Bahasa
	Portugis
Agama
	Katolik Roma 63.20% · Protestanisme 23.45% · agama-agama Afro-Brasil 0.31% · Tak beragama, Deisme, Agnostisisme, Ateisme 9.18% · Lain-lain.

Afro-Brasil (Portugis: afro-brasileiros); pengucapan bahasa Portugis: [ˈafɾu bɾɐziˈle(j)ɾuz] adalah sebuah istilah yang digunakan pada abad ke-21 oleh beberapa orang di Brasil untuk merujuk kepada orang Brasil dengan keturunan Afrika. Istilah tersebut penggunaannya tidak menyebar di Brasil, dimana pembangunan sosial dan klasifikasinya berdasarkan pada penampilannya. Orang dengan penampilan dan warna kulit Afrika yang mencolok umumnya disebut (dan mereka diidentifikasi) sebagai negro atau "preto" ("orang kulit hitam"). Beberapa anggota dari grup suku bangsa lainnya, Brasil multirasial, atau pardos, juga memiliki rangkaian keturunan Afrika.^[1]^[2]

Orang Kulit Hitam Brasil terkenal atau berpengaruh[sunting | sunting sumber]

Zezé Motta^[3]^[4]
Maybyner Rodney Hilário, namun secara hukum namanya diubah menjadi Nenê^[5]
Djavan,^[6] musician
Sandra de Sá, penyanyi
Obina,^[7]
Benedita da Silva^[8]
Paulo Paim^[9]
Joaquim Barbosa^[8]
João da Cruz e Sousa^[10]
Milton Santos^[11]
Pelé^[12]
Ronaldinho^[13]
Clarissa dos Santos
Robinho
Gilberto Gil^[8]
Seu Jorge^[14]
DJ Marky
Lázaro Ramos^[15]
Margareth Menezes^[16]
Anderson Silva^[17]
Fernanda Garay
Gilberto Gil
João Cândido Felisberto dengan para pelaut dan wartawan
Fabiana Claudino

Lihat pula also[sunting | sunting sumber]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ "Características Étnico-raciais da População:Classificações e identidades" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Portuguese). IBGE. 2010. hlm. 58. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 3 Februari 2014. (Trans.) Since 1945, a Brazilian Black movement has resulted in more people using the term (and concept) of Afro-Brazilian. But, this term was coined by and remains associated with the United States and its culture, derived from a culturalist viewpoint.
^ Loveman, Mara; Muniz, Jeronimo O.; Bailey, Stanley R. (2011). "Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality" (PDF). Ethnic and Racial Studies. 35 (8): 1466–1483. doi:10.1080/01419870.2011.607503. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2016-04-13.
^ Lopes, Nei (2004). Enciclopédia Brasileira da Diáspora Africana [Brazilian Encyclopaedia of the African Diaspora]. Selo Negro. ISBN 978-85-87478-21-4.
^ Lopes, Nei (2006). Dicionario Escolar Afro-Brasileiro. Selo Negro. hlm. 173. ISBN 978-85-87478-29-0. Diakses tanggal 28 Agustus 2012.
^ No More Hilário for Nenê, NBA.com, 6 Agustus 2003, diakses tanggal 2008-03-05
^ Lopes, Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 240.
^ "Obina: "Sou negro e tenho orgulho"". Archived from the original on 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 2016-04-13. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c de Oliveira, Ely (2009). O dia Nacional da Consciência Negra & Adão e Eva (dalam bahasa Portugis). Biblioteca24horas, Seven System Internacional Ltda. ISBN 978-85-7893-425-5. Diakses tanggal 17 June 2016.
^ Revista Afro.com. Paulo Paim, de metalúrgico a senador^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
^ Farias Alves, Uelington (2015). Cruz e Sousa: Dante negro do Brasil [Cruz e Souza: Brazil's black Dante] (dalam bahasa Portugis). Pallas editora. ISBN 978-85-347-0580-6.
^ Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 605.
^ Ely de Oliveira. O dia Nacional da Consciência Negra & Adão e Eva. p. 38.
^ Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 585.
^ UOL Ciência e Saúde. Seu Jorge: 'Se fosse 100% negro, lutaria por indenização'
^ Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 558.
^ Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 435.
^ André Rezende,"Eu acredito em educação" Diarsipkan 2016-03-08 di Wayback Machine., Raça Brasil.

Bacaan tambahan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Ankerl, Guy. Coexisting Contemporary Civilizations: Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western. 2000, Geneva. INUPRESS, ISBN 2-88155-004-5. pp. 187–210.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

(Inggris) (Prancis) Templat:Du icon discover Afro-Brazilian Bahia in your language

Templat:Topik Brasil Templat:Diaspora Afrika

[:0-1] "Características Étnico-raciais da População:Classificações e identidades" (PDF) (dalam bahasa Portuguese). IBGE. 2010. hlm. 58. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 3 Februari 2014. (Trans.) Since 1945, a Brazilian Black movement has resulted in more people using the term (and concept) of Afro-Brazilian. But, this term was coined by and remains associated with the United States and its culture, derived from a culturalist viewpoint.

[2] Loveman, Mara; Muniz, Jeronimo O.; Bailey, Stanley R. (2011). "Brazil in black and white? Race categories, the census, and the study of inequality" (PDF). Ethnic and Racial Studies. 35 (8): 1466–1483. doi:10.1080/01419870.2011.607503. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-02-02. Diakses tanggal 2016-04-13.

[Lopes2004-3] Lopes, Nei (2004). Enciclopédia Brasileira da Diáspora Africana [Brazilian Encyclopaedia of the African Diaspora]. Selo Negro. ISBN 978-85-87478-21-4.

[Lopes2006-4] Lopes, Nei (2006). Dicionario Escolar Afro-Brasileiro. Selo Negro. hlm. 173. ISBN 978-85-87478-29-0. Diakses tanggal 28 Agustus 2012.

[namechange-5] No More Hilário for Nenê, NBA.com, 6 Agustus 2003, diakses tanggal 2008-03-05

[6] Lopes, Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 240.

[7] "Obina: "Sou negro e tenho orgulho"". Archived from the original on 2013-06-03. Diakses tanggal 2016-04-13. Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (link)

[Oliveira2009-8] Oliveira, Ely (2009). O dia Nacional da Consciência Negra & Adão e Eva (dalam bahasa Portugis). Biblioteca24horas, Seven System Internacional Ltda. ISBN 978-85-7893-425-5. Diakses tanggal 17 June 2016.

[revistaafro.com.br-9] Revista Afro.com. Paulo Paim, de metalúrgico a senador^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}

[Alves2015-10] Farias Alves, Uelington (2015). Cruz e Sousa: Dante negro do Brasil [Cruz e Souza: Brazil's black Dante] (dalam bahasa Portugis). Pallas editora. ISBN 978-85-347-0580-6.

[11] Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 605.

[12] Ely de Oliveira. O dia Nacional da Consciência Negra & Adão e Eva. p. 38.

[books.google.com.br-13] Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 585.

[14] UOL Ciência e Saúde. Seu Jorge: 'Se fosse 100% negro, lutaria por indenização'

[15] Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 558.

[16] Lopes. Enciclopédia brasileira da diáspora africana, p. 435.

[17] André Rezende,"Eu acredito em educação" Diarsipkan 2016-03-08 di Wayback Machine., Raça Brasil.

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