Pakaian luar angkasa: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

Sebaris

Revisi per 18 November 2013 15.11

Baju ruang angkasa adalah pakaian yang dikenakan untuk menjaga hidup manusia dalam lingkungan yang keras dari luar angkasa, vakum dan suhu ekstrem. Baju ruang angkasa sering dipakai di dalam pesawat ruang angkasa sebagai tindakan pencegahan keamanan dalam kasus hilangnya tekanan kabin, dan yang diperlukan untuk kendaraan kegiatan ekstra atau extra-vehicular activity (EVA), pekerjaan yang dilakukan di luar pesawat ruang angkasa. Baju ruang angkasa telah dipakai untuk pekerjaan tersebut di orbit Bumi, di permukaan Bulan, dan perjalanan kembali ke Bumi dari Bulan. Baju luar angkasa yang modern menambah tekanan dasar garmen dengan sistem peralatan yang kompleks dan lingkungan sistem yang dirancang untuk menjaga pemakainya nyaman, dan untuk meminimalkan upaya yang diperlukan untuk menekuk kaki, menolak kecenderungan tekanan lembut alami garmen untuk kaku terhadap vakum. Sebuah suplai oksigen mandiri dan sistem kontrol lingkungan sering digunakan untuk memungkinkan kebebasan penuh gerakan, independen dari pesawat ruang angkasa.

Beberapa persyaratan tersebut juga berlaku untuk pakaian tekanan dipakai untuk tugas-tugas khusus lainnya, seperti penerbangan pengintaian ketinggian tinggi. Atas garis Armstrong (sekitar 19.000 m (62.000 ft)), atmosfer begitu tipis sehingga cocok bertekanan diperlukan.

Yang pertama sesuai tekanan penuh untuk penggunaan di ketinggian ekstrem yang dirancang oleh penemu individu sedini tahun 1930-an. Baju ruang angkasa pertama kali dipakai oleh manusia di ruang angkasa adalah Soviet SK-1 cocok dikenakan oleh Yuri Gagarin pada tahun 1961.

Referensi

Abramov, Isaac P.; Skoog, Å. Ingemar; et al. (2003). Russian Spacesuits. London; New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 1-85233-732-X. LCCN 2003045585. OCLC 51922847.
Kozloski, Lillian D. (1994). U.S. Space Gear: Outfitting The Astronaut. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 0-87474-459-8. LCCN 92-34611. OCLC 623508754.
Seedhouse, Erik (2010). The New Space Race: China vs. the United States. Berlin; New York: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-0879-7. LCCN 2009936076. OCLC 695700526.
Thomas, Kenneth S.; McMann, Harold J. (2006). US Spacesuits. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-27919-9. LCCN 2005929632. OCLC 61477760.
Young, Amanda (2009). Spacesuits: The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Collection. Photographs by Mark Avino; introduction by Allan Needell; foreword by Thomas P. Stafford (edisi ke-1st). Brooklyn, NY: powerHouse Books. ISBN 978-1-576-87498-1. LCCN 2009075080. OCLC 276334393.

Pranala luar

"Spacesuits" at A Field Guide to American Spacecraft. A list compiled by Lee Sledge and James H. Gerard of American space suits and the museum locations where they are displayed.
"Space Suits" at Encyclopedia Astronautica. A complete listing of space suits.
Russian space suits at NPP Zvezda
"Spacesuit" (Rusia) Engish by G. Ilyin, Vladimir Ivanov, and Ivan Pavlov. Originally published by Nauka i Zhizn, No. 6, 1978.
"U.S. Human Spaceflight History" at the Johnson Space Center See link near page end to Walking to Olympus: An EVA Chronology (PDF).
NASDA Online Space Notes at the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) (2001)
"Analysis of the Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit – 1986" (PDF)
"NASA Space Shuttle EVA tools and equipment reference book – 1993" (PDF)
"Space Suit Evolution From Custom Tailored to Off-the-Rack (PDF)
"Engineering Aspects of Apollo" at the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal. Section on the Apollo space suit and the Portable Life Support System.
"Space Suit Photos" at Historic Spacecraft
"Spacesuit and Spacewalk History Image Gallery" at NASA
Zvezda history (Rusia) English
"EVA Space Suits (Extravehicular Activity)" at ILC Dover
Klesius, Michael (June 10, 2009). "Space Suits Past and Future". AirSpaceMag.com. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Diakses tanggal June 20, 2013.
In April 2011, the VOA Special English service of the Voice of America broadcast a 15-minute program on the evolution of space suits. A transcript and MP3 of the program, intended for English learners, can be found at "The Evolution of Spacesuits".
"Helmet Oddity" di YouTube (03:27)

Artikel bertopik astronomi ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

@@ Baris 7: / Baris 7: @@
 == Referensi ==
 {{Reflist}}
+{{Refbegin}}
-*
+*{{cite book |last1=Abramov |first1=Isaac P. |last2=Skoog |first2=Å. Ingemar |last3=Doodnik |first3=Mikhail N. |title=Russian Spacesuits |year=2003 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]] |location=London; New York |isbn= 1-85233-732-X |oclc=51922847 |lccn=2003045585 |ref=Abramov & Skoog |display-authors=2}}
-*
+*{{cite book |last=Kozloski |first=Lillian D. |title=U.S. Space Gear: Outfitting The Astronaut |year=1994 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-87474-459-8 |oclc=623508754 |lccn=92-34611 |ref=Kozloski}}
-*
+*{{cite book |last=Seedhouse |first=Erik |title=The New Space Race: China vs. the United States |year=2010 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin; New York |isbn=978-1-4419-0879-7 |oclc=695700526 |lccn=2009936076 |ref=Seedhouse}}
+*{{cite book |last1=Thomas |first1=Kenneth S. |last2=McMann |first2=Harold J. |title=US Spacesuits |year=2006 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin; New York |isbn= 0-387-27919-9 |oclc=61477760 |lccn=2005929632 |ref=Thomas & McMann}}
+*{{cite book |last=Young |first=Amanda |others=Photographs by Mark Avino; introduction by Allan Needell; foreword by [[Thomas P. Stafford]] |title=Spacesuits: The Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum Collection |year=2009 |publisher=[[powerHouse Books]] |edition=1st |location=Brooklyn, NY |isbn=978-1-576-87498-1 |oclc=276334393 |lccn=2009075080 |ref=Young}}
+{{Refend}}
+== Pranala luar ==
+{{Commons category|Space suits}}
+* [http://www.americanspacecraft.com/pages/spacesuit/index.html "Spacesuits"] at [http://www.americanspacecraft.com/pages/aaindex/home1.html A Field Guide to American Spacecraft]. A list compiled by Lee Sledge and James H. Gerard of American space suits and the museum locations where they are displayed.
+* [http://www.astronautix.com/fam/spasuits.htm "Space Suits"] at [http://www.astronautix.com/index.html Encyclopedia Astronautica]. A complete listing of space suits.
+* [http://www.zvezda-npp.ru/engl/index.html Russian space suits] at [[NPP Zvezda]]
+* [http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/n_i_j/1978/6/skaf.html "Spacesuit" {{ru icon}}] [http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/n_i_j/1978/6/skaf.html&sl=ru&tl=en Engish] by G. Ilyin, Vladimir Ivanov, and Ivan Pavlov. Originally published by ''[[Nauka i Zhizn]]'', No. 6, 1978.
+* [http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/hsf_history.htm "U.S. Human Spaceflight History"] at the [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center|Johnson Space Center]] See link near page end to ''Walking to Olympus: An EVA Chronology'' (PDF).
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20010716093905/http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/note/yujin/e/yuj101_eva_e.html NASDA Online Space Notes] at the [[National Space Development Agency of Japan]] (NASDA) (2001)
+* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19900001621_1990001621.pdf "Analysis of the Space Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit – 1986"] (PDF)
+* [http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19940017339_1994017339.pdf "NASA Space Shuttle EVA tools and equipment reference book – 1993"] (PDF)
+* [http://history.nasa.gov/spacesuits.pdf "Space Suit Evolution From Custom Tailored to Off-the-Rack] (PDF)
+* [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/apollo.engin.html "Engineering Aspects of Apollo"] at the [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/ Apollo Lunar Surface Journal]. Section on the Apollo space suit and the Portable Life Support System.
+* [http://historicspacecraft.com/spacesuits.html "Space Suit Photos"] at [http://historicspacecraft.com/ Historic Spacecraft]
+* [http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/spacesuits/historygallery/ "Spacesuit and Spacewalk History Image Gallery"] at NASA
+* [http://www.zvezda-npp.ru/histor.html Zvezda history {{ru icon}}] [http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zvezda-npp.ru%2Fhistor.html&sl=ru&tl=en English]
+* [http://www.ilcdover.com/Space-Suits/ "EVA Space Suits (Extravehicular Activity)"] at [[ILC Dover]]
+* {{cite web |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space-exploration/Space-Suits-Past-and-Future.html |title=Space Suits Past and Future |last=Klesius |first=Michael |date=June 10, 2009 |work=[[Air & Space/Smithsonian|AirSpaceMag.com]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |location=Washington, D.C. |accessdate=June 20, 2013}}
+* In April 2011, the VOA [[Special English]] service of the [[Voice of America]] broadcast a 15-minute program on the evolution of space suits. A transcript and MP3 of the program, intended for English learners, can be found at [http://learningenglish.voanews.com/content/a-history-of-space-suits-119283494/113058.html "The Evolution of Spacesuits"].
+* {{YouTube|id=BMgmxkZ0pWI|title="Helmet Oddity"|link=no}} (03:27)
 {{astronomi-stub}}
 [[Kategori:Pakaian luar angkasa]]