Daftar tingkat kematian kasus penyakit manusia: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 11 April 2020 19.27

Ini adalah daftar tingkat fatalitas kasus penyakit manusia (CFR). CFR adalah angka kematian yang disebabkan oleh penyakit tertentu pada periode waktu tertentu dibagi jumlah kasus dari penyakit tersebut. Data didasarkan pada pasien yang dirawat secara optimal dan mengecualikan kasus terisolasi atau wabah kecil, kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya.

Penyakit Penyebab Pengobatan Tingkat kematian Catatan Referensi
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Prion Belum ada pengobatan 100% Includes Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and all its variants, fatal familial insomnia, kuru, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome and others. [1]
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva Autosom Belum ada pengobatan ~ 100% Death almost always results from complications of FOP, life expectancy is about 40 years [2]
Tay–Sachs disease (pre-adult) Enzim Belum ada pengobatan ~ 100% Even with the most high quality care, infants with Tay–Sachs disease usually die within a few years of displaying the first symptoms. Juvenile with the disease are likely to die from the ages 5–15, while those who develop the disease as adults will probably be largely unaffected. [3]
African trypanosomiasis Parasit (Trypanosoma brucei) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 100% [4]
Visceral leishmaniasis Parasit (Leishmania) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 100% [5]
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, Naegleria fowleri Parasit (Naegleria fowleri) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 99% Amphotericin B has shown efficacy in the limited survivorship population. Around 7 documented survivors
Rabies Virus (Lyssavirus) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 99% Preventable with vaccines down to ~0% CFR and treatable with PEP but, once the symptoms manifest, the CFR is near 100%. Around 16 documented survivors after symptom onset, all but 3 did not receive any Rabies (specific) treatment at any time before symptom onset. Of those 3, only 1 survived without the use of a therapeutic coma [6]
Balamuthia Parasit (B. mandrillaris) Oportunistik & Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus [7] ~ 99% 2 survivors, both have permanent brain damage. [8]
Glanders, septicemic Parasit (Burkholderia mallei) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus 95% The rate drops significantly to >50% with treatment. [9]
Smallpox Variola major – specifically the malignant (flat) or hemorrhagic type Virus (Variola) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 95% The rate drops significantly to 10% with effective treatments.

Eradicated.

[10]:28
[11]
Ebola virus disease – specifically EBOV Virus (Ebola) Untreated & Unvaccinated 83–90%
 Prognosis improved by early supportive treatments as seen in the West African epidemic and the Kivu outbreak. [12][13]
AIDS/HIV infection Virus (HIV) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus 80–90% Data are counted during the first 5 years of infection in developed countries. HIV is not lethal on its own but patients are usually killed by respiratory diseases, such as flu or pneumonia because of immunodeficiency caused by HIV virus. [14]:1
Anthrax, specifically the pulmonary form Parasit (Bacillus anthracis) Untreated & Unvaccinated > 85% Early treatments lower the CFR to 45% as seen in the 2001 AMERITHRAX letter attacks.

Monoclonal antibodies (Obilotoxaximab & Raxibacumab) could lower this further.

[10]:88
Macanine alphaherpesvirus 1 Virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 80% Early treatment including aciclovir can improve prognosis. [15]
Aspergillosis, invasive pulmonary form Parasit (Aspergillus) Opportunistic w/COPD, Tuberculosis and Immunocompromised 50–90% [16]
Smallpox, Variola major – in pregnant women Virus (Variola) Belum ada vaksin > 65% [10]:88
Cryptococcal meningitis Parasit (Cryptococcus) Co-infection with HIV 40–60% 6 month mortality is >=60% with fluconazole-based therapy and 40% with amphotercin-based therapy in research studies in low and middle income countries. [17]
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Virus (Influenza) ~ 60% [18]
Bubonic plague Parasit (Y. pestis) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus & Belum ada vaksin 5–60% [10]:57
Tularemia, pneumonic Parasit (Francisella tularensis) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ≤ 60% [10]:78
Anthrax, gastrointestinal, intestinal type Parasit (Bacillus anthracis) Untreated & Unvaccinated > 50% [10]:27
Marburg virus disease – all outbreaks combined Virus (Marburg) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus 23–90% 23% in 1967 when it was first identified and 90% in 2004-2005 when the worst outbreak of the disease occurred. Galidesivir has shown promise in treating Filoviridae [19][20]
Plague, pneumonic Parasit (Yersinia Pestis) Untreated & Unvaccinated 50% [10]:58
Tetanus, Generalized Parasit (Clostridium tetani) Untreated & Unvaccinated 50% CFR drops to 10–20% with effective treatment. [21]
Reye's Syndrome > 40% [22]
Baylisascariasis ~40% With occurrence of Neural Larva Migrans; early, aggressive treatment necessary for survival, but only 2 full recoveries from NLM ever documented [23]
Plague, septicemic Untreated & Unvaccinated 30–50% [10]:58
Hantavirus infection 36% Ribavirin may be a drug for HPS and HFRS but its effectiveness remains unknown, still, spontaneous recovery is possible with supportive treatment.
Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) 35% Galidesivir has shown promise in treating Coronaviridae [24]
Tularemia, typhoidal Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus 3–35% [10]:77
Eastern equine encephalitis virus ~ 33% [25]
Anthrax, gastrointestinal, oropharyngeal type 10–50% [10]:27
Tuberculosis, HIV Negative Vaksin 43% Vaccines have been developed but have been frequently dismissed for having received controversial and improper testing on African populations. [26]
Smallpox, Variola major Belum ada vaksin 30% [10]:88
Varicella (chickenpox), in newborns Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 30% Where the mothers develop the disease between 5 days prior to, or 2 days after delivery. [14]:110
Cancer (overall) Ditemukan 30% ~97% will die within five years if untreated.[27] [28]
Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus 26% Dengue haemorrhagic fever is also known as severe dengue.[29] [30]
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~21% Galidesivir has shown promise in treating Bunyavirales [31]
Leptospirosis < 5–30% [14]:352
Legionellosis ~ 15% [14]:665
Anorexia Nervosa Cohort summary 16% [32]
Meningococcal disease Untreated & Unvaccinated 10–20% [33]
Typhoid fever Untreated & Unvaccinated 10–20% [14]:665
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 11% Galidesivir has shown promise in treating Coronaviridae [34]
Intestinal capillariasis Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ~ 10% [35]
Visceral leishmaniasis ~ 10% [36]
Botulism Ditemukan < 10% Untreated foodborne botulism is thought to be ~50% [37]
Diphtheria, respiratory Untreated & Unvaccinated ~ 5–10% [38]
Yellow fever Unvaccinated 7.5% [39]
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ~6.04% Global, up to 10 April 2020.[40][41] [42]
Pertussis (whooping cough), infants in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 3.7% [14]:456
Smallpox, Variola major Vaksin ditemukan 3% [10]:88
1918 (Spanish) flu Ditemukan > 2.5% [43]
Angiostrongyliasis ~2.4% From Hawaiian cases. [44]
Measles (rubeola), in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 1–3% May reach 10–30% in some localities. [14]:431
Brucellosis Belum ditemukan pengobatan khusus ≤ 2% [14]:87
Hepatitis A, adults > 50 years old Unvaccinated ~ 1.8% [14]:278
Lassa fever ~ 1% 15% in hospitalized patients; higher in some epidemics. [14]:334
Mumps encephalitis Unvaccinated ~ 1% [14]:431
Pertussis (whooping cough), children in developing countries Unvaccinated ~ 1% For children 1–4 years old. [14]:456
Smallpox, Variola minor Unvaccinated 1% [10]:87–88
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE) < 1% [10]:97–98
Anthrax, cutaneous < 1% [10]:27
Malaria ~ 0.3% [45]
Hepatitis A Unvaccinated 0.1–0.3% [14]:278
Asian (1956–58) flu ~ 0.1% [46]
Hong Kong (1968–69) flu ~ 0.1% [46]
Influenza A, typical pandemics < 0.1% [43]
Varicella (chickenpox), adults Unvaccinated 0.02% This is 1:5,000. [14]:110
Hand, foot and mouth disease, children < 5 years old 0.01% This is 1:10,000. [47]
Varicella (chickenpox), children Unvaccinated 0.001% This is 1:100,000. [14]:110

Lihat juga

Referensi

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