Garam dapur: Perbedaan antara revisi
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JohnThorne (bicara | kontrib) k menambahkan Kategori:Garam menggunakan HotCat |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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* {{Cite book |last=Barber |first=Elizabeth Wayland |year=1999 |title=The Mummies of Ürümchi |publication-place=New York |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co |isbn =0-393-32019-7 |oclc=48426519 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Carusi |first=Cristina |title=Il sale nel mondo greco, VI a.C.-III d.C.: luoghi di produzione, circolazione commerciale, regimi di sfruttamento nel contesto del Mediterraneo antico |trans_title=Salt in the Greek World, from the Sixth Century BC to the Third Century AD: Places of Production, Circulation, and Commercial Exploitation Schemes in the Ancient Mediterranean |isbn=9788872285428 |language=Spanish |year=2008 |publisher=Edipuglia |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Dalton |first=Dennis |title=Mahatma Gandhi: Selected Political Writings |publisher=Hackett Publishing Company |isbn=0-87220-330-1 |year=1996 |pages=71–73 |chapter=Introduction to ''Civil Disobedience'' |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Er59fRsspgoC |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite book |last=Kurlansky |first=Mark |year=2002 |title=Salt: A World History |place=New York |publication-place=New York |publisher=Walker & Co |isbn =0-8027-1373-4 |oclc=48573453 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Livingston |first=James V. |title=Agriculture and soil pollution: new research |publisher=Nova Publishers |year=2005 |isbn=1-59454-310-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6ToDne5AsMC&pg=PA45 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=McGee |first=Harold |title=On Food and Cooking |publisher=Scribner |edition=2nd |year=2004 |isbn=9781416556374 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKVCtH4AjwgC |ref=harv}} |
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* {{cite book |last=Multhauf |first=Robert |year = 1996 |title=Neptune's Gift |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-0801854699}} |
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* {{cite book |last1=Shahidi |first1=Fereidoon |last2=Shi |first2=John |last3=Ho |first3=Chi-Tang |title=Asian functional foods |publisher=CRC Press |location=Boca Raton |year=2005 |isbn=0-8247-5855-2 |ref=harv}} |
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{{Refend}} |
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;Publikasi lainnya |
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{{Refbegin|30em}} |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Caldwell | first1 = J. H. | last2 = Schaller | first2 = K. L. | last3 = Lasher | first3 = R. S. | last4 = Peles | first4 = E. | last5 = Levinson | first5 = S. R. | title = Sodium channel Nav1.6 is localized at nodes of Ranvier, dendrites, and synapses | doi = 10.1073/pnas.090034797 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume = 97 | issue = 10 | pages = 5616–20 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10779552| pmc = 25877| ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Caldwell|Schaller|Lasher|Peles|2000}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Dumler | first1 = F. | title = Dietary Sodium Intake and Arterial Blood Pressure | doi = 10.1053/j.jrn.2008.10.006 | journal = Journal of Renal Nutrition | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 57–60 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19121772| pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Dumler|2009}} --> |
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* {{Cite book | last1 = Feldman | first1 = S. R. | chapter = Sodium Chloride | doi = 10.1002/0471238961.1915040902051820.a01.pub2 | title = Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology | year = 2005 | isbn = 0471238961 | pmid = | pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Feldman|2005}} --> |
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* {{Cite web |last=Kostick |first=Dennis S. |url=http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/salt/myb1-2010-salt.pdf |title=Salt |date=1 November 2011 |work=2010 Minerals Yearbook |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |accessdate=12 March 2013 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Markel | first1 = H. | title = "When it rains it pours": Endemic goiter, iodized salt, and David Murray Cowie, MD | doi = 10.2105/AJPH.77.2.219 | journal = American Journal of Public Health | volume = 77 | issue = 2 | pages = 219–229 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3541654| pmc =1646845 | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Markel|1987}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = McCarron | first1 = D. A. | last2 = Geerling | first2 = J. C. | last3 = Kazaks | first3 = A. G. | last4 = Stern | first4 = J. S. | title = Can Dietary Sodium Intake Be Modified by Public Policy? | doi = 10.2215/CJN.04660709 | journal = Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology | volume = 4 | issue = 11 | pages = 1878–1882 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19833911| pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|McCarron|Geerling|Kazaks|Stern|2009}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Millero | first1 = F. J. | last2 = Feistel | first2 = R. | last3 = Wright | first3 = D. G. | last4 = McDougall | first4 = T. J. | title = The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale | doi = 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001 | journal = Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers | volume = 55 | pages = 50 | year = 2008 | pmid = | pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Millero|Feistel|Wright|McDougall|2008}} --> |
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* {{Cite techreport |title=Potassium- and sodium ferrocyanides |date=3 December 2001 |institution=European Commission: Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition |url=http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scan/out70_en.pdf |ref= {{harvid|European Commission|2001}} }} <!-- {{sfn|European Commission|2001}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Schmeda-Hirschmann | first1 = G. | title = Tree ash as an Ayoreo salt source in the Paraguayan Chaco | doi = 10.1007/BF02908207 | journal = Economic Botany | volume = 48 | issue = 2 | pages = 159–162 | year = 1994 | pmid = | pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Schmeda-Hirschmann|1994}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Selwitz | first1 = R. H. | last2 = Ismail | first2 = A. I. | last3 = Pitts | first3 = N. B. | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2 | title = Dental caries | journal = The Lancet | volume = 369 | issue = 9555 | pages = 51–9 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17208642| pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Selwitz|Ismail|Pitts|2007}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Strazzullo | first1 = P. | last2 = d'Elia | first2 = L. | last3 = Kandala | first3 = N. -B. | last4 = Cappuccio | first4 = F. P. | title = Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies | doi = 10.1136/bmj.b4567 | journal = BMJ | volume = 339 | pages = b4567 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19934192| pmc =2782060 | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Strazzullo|d'Elia|Kandala|Cappuccio|2009}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Vaidya | first1 = B. | last2 = Chakera | last3 = Pearce | doi = 10.2147/DDDT.S12894 | title = Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: Current approaches and future possibilities | journal = Drug Design, Development and Therapy | pages = 1–11 | year = 2011 | pmid = 22291465| pmc = 3267517| ref = harv | volume=6}} <!-- {{sfn|Vaidya|Chakera|Pearce|2011}} --> |
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* {{Cite journal |last1=Weller |first1=Olivier |last2=Dumitroaia |first2=Gheorghe |url=http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/weller/ | title=The earliest salt production in the world: an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei-Lunca, Romania | journal=Antiquity | volume=79 | issue=306 |date=December 2005 |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite conference |last1=Weller |first1=Olivier |last2=Brigand |first2=Robin |last3=Nuninger |first3=Laure | title=Spatial Analysis of Salt Springs Exploration in Moldavian Pre-Carpatic Prehistory (Romania) |conference=Spatial dynamics of settlement and natural ressources: toward an integrated analysis over the long term from Prehistory to Middle Ages. University of Burgundy, Dijon, 23–25 June |publisher=ArchæDyn |year=2008 |url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/41/60/26/PDF/archaedyn2008_weller_brigand_etal.pdf |ref=harv}} |
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* {{Cite book | last1 = Westphal | first1 = G. | last2 = Kristen | first2 = G. | last3 = Wegener | first3 = W. | last4 = Ambatiello | first4 = P. | last5 = Geyer | first5 = H. | last6 = Epron | first6 = B. | last7 = Bonal | first7 = C. | last8 = Steinhauser | first8 = G. | last9 = Götzfried | first9 = F. | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4 | chapter = Sodium Chloride | title = Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry | year = 2010 | isbn = 3527306730 | pmid = | pmc = | ref=harv}} <!-- {{sfn|Westphal|Kristen|Wegener|Ambatiello|2010}} --> |
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{{Refend}} |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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Revisi per 7 Mei 2017 02.04
Garam dapur adalah sejenis mineral yang dapat membuat rasa asin. Biasanya garam dapur yang tersedia secara umum adalah Natrium klorida (NaCl) yang dihasilkan oleh air laut. Garam dalam bentuk alaminya adalah mineral kristal yang dikenal sebagai batu garam atau halite.
Garam sangat diperlukan tubuh, namun bila dikonsumsi secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, termasuk tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi).[1] Selain itu garam juga digunakan untuk mengawetkan makanan dan sebagai bumbu. Untuk mencegah penyakit gondok, garam dapur juga sering ditambahi yodium[2].
Referensi
- ^ Kurangi Asupan Garam, Cegah Hipertensi, Kompas.com, diakses 24 Agustus 2011.
- ^ Tiroid, Pengatur Metabolisme Tubuh, Kompas.com, diakses 24 Agustus 2011.
- Buku
- Barber, Elizabeth Wayland (1999). The Mummies of Ürümchi. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-32019-7. OCLC 48426519.
- Carusi, Cristina (2008). Il sale nel mondo greco, VI a.C.-III d.C.: luoghi di produzione, circolazione commerciale, regimi di sfruttamento nel contesto del Mediterraneo antico (dalam bahasa Spanish). Edipuglia. ISBN 9788872285428.
- Dalton, Dennis (1996). "Introduction to Civil Disobedience". Mahatma Gandhi: Selected Political Writings. Hackett Publishing Company. hlm. 71–73. ISBN 0-87220-330-1.
- Kurlansky, Mark (2002). Salt: A World History. New York: Walker & Co. ISBN 0-8027-1373-4. OCLC 48573453.
- Livingston, James V. (2005). Agriculture and soil pollution: new research. Nova Publishers. ISBN 1-59454-310-0.
- McGee, Harold (2004). On Food and Cooking (edisi ke-2nd). Scribner. ISBN 9781416556374.
- Multhauf, Robert (1996). Neptune's Gift. The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0801854699.
- Shahidi, Fereidoon; Shi, John; Ho, Chi-Tang (2005). Asian functional foods. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8247-5855-2.
- Publikasi lainnya
- Caldwell, J. H.; Schaller, K. L.; Lasher, R. S.; Peles, E.; Levinson, S. R. (2000). "Sodium channel Nav1.6 is localized at nodes of Ranvier, dendrites, and synapses". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 97 (10): 5616–20. doi:10.1073/pnas.090034797. PMC 25877
. PMID 10779552. - Dumler, F. (2009). "Dietary Sodium Intake and Arterial Blood Pressure". Journal of Renal Nutrition. 19 (1): 57–60. doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2008.10.006. PMID 19121772.
- Feldman, S. R. (2005). "Sodium Chloride". Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. doi:10.1002/0471238961.1915040902051820.a01.pub2. ISBN 0471238961.
- Kostick, Dennis S. (1 November 2011). "Salt" (PDF). 2010 Minerals Yearbook. U.S. Geological Survey. Diakses tanggal 12 March 2013.
- Markel, H. (1987). ""When it rains it pours": Endemic goiter, iodized salt, and David Murray Cowie, MD". American Journal of Public Health. 77 (2): 219–229. doi:10.2105/AJPH.77.2.219. PMC 1646845 . PMID 3541654.
- McCarron, D. A.; Geerling, J. C.; Kazaks, A. G.; Stern, J. S. (2009). "Can Dietary Sodium Intake Be Modified by Public Policy?". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 4 (11): 1878–1882. doi:10.2215/CJN.04660709. PMID 19833911.
- Millero, F. J.; Feistel, R.; Wright, D. G.; McDougall, T. J. (2008). "The composition of Standard Seawater and the definition of the Reference-Composition Salinity Scale". Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55: 50. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.001.
- Potassium- and sodium ferrocyanides (PDF) (Laporan teknis). European Commission: Scientific Committee on Animal Nutrition. 3 December 2001.
- Schmeda-Hirschmann, G. (1994). "Tree ash as an Ayoreo salt source in the Paraguayan Chaco". Economic Botany. 48 (2): 159–162. doi:10.1007/BF02908207.
- Selwitz, R. H.; Ismail, A. I.; Pitts, N. B. (2007). "Dental caries". The Lancet. 369 (9555): 51–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2. PMID 17208642.
- Strazzullo, P.; d'Elia, L.; Kandala, N. -B.; Cappuccio, F. P. (2009). "Salt intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease: Meta-analysis of prospective studies". BMJ. 339: b4567. doi:10.1136/bmj.b4567. PMC 2782060 . PMID 19934192.
- Vaidya, B.; Chakera; Pearce (2011). "Treatment for primary hypothyroidism: Current approaches and future possibilities". Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 6: 1–11. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S12894. PMC 3267517 . PMID 22291465.
- Weller, Olivier; Dumitroaia, Gheorghe (December 2005). "The earliest salt production in the world: an early Neolithic exploitation in Poiana Slatinei-Lunca, Romania". Antiquity. 79 (306).
- Weller, Olivier; Brigand, Robin; Nuninger, Laure (2008). Spatial Analysis of Salt Springs Exploration in Moldavian Pre-Carpatic Prehistory (Romania) (PDF). Spatial dynamics of settlement and natural ressources: toward an integrated analysis over the long term from Prehistory to Middle Ages. University of Burgundy, Dijon, 23–25 June. ArchæDyn.
- Westphal, G.; Kristen, G.; Wegener, W.; Ambatiello, P.; Geyer, H.; Epron, B.; Bonal, C.; Steinhauser, G.; Götzfried, F. (2010). "Sodium Chloride". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4. ISBN 3527306730.
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