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←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Ekonomi Iran''' terbagi kedalam tiga sektor yaitu sektor kerajaan, sektor koperasi (kerjasama serikat) dan sektor swasta. Sektor negara meliputi industri-i...'
 
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6.983 suntingan
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==Pranala Luar==
==Rujukan lengkap ==
<!--Sorted by type and date of publication-->
* [https://archive.is/20120731122437/www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Iran/Background.html Badan Tenaga AS - Ekonomi Iran]
;Artikel
* [http://www.austrade.gov.au/default.aspx?ArticleID=4686#Doing%20business Laman web kerajaan Australia - ''Doing Business in Iran'']
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://www.mefa.gov.ir/ Kementerian Ekonomi dan Hal Ehwal Kewangan Iran] - Informasi mengenai pelaburan asing dan juga akta perlindungannya
* {{cite news |title = Iran’s "Open-Door" Economic Policy: Recipe for Indebtedness, De-industrialization and Dependence Under the Helm of President Rouhani |first1 = Ismael |last1 = Hossein-Zadeh |authorlink = Ismael Hossein-zadeh |url = http://www.globalresearch.ca/irans-open-door-economic-policy-recipe-for-indebtedness-deindustrialization-and-dependence/5516654 |accessdate = June 7, 2016 |date = March 26, 2016 |publisher = [[Globalresearch.ca|Global Research]] }}
* [http://www.freezones.ir/ Majlis tinggi Zona Perdagangan Bebas Iran]
* {{cite news |title = Preventing Iran's post-sanctions job crisis |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/07/job-creation-highest-priority-post-sanctions-iran.html# |accessdate = July 27, 2015 |date = July 17, 2015 |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
*[https://archive.is/20121228100559/web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/IRANEXTN/0,,menuPK:312982~pagePK:141132~piPK:141109~theSitePK:312943,00.html Perangkaan dari World Bank - Iran]
* {{cite news |title = How the nuclear deal will help Iran's economy |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04/economic-impact-iran-nuclear-deal.html# |accessdate = April 12, 2015 |date = April 10, 2015 |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's Neoliberal Austerity-Security Budget |work = [[Hooshang Amirahmadi]] |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/15/feb/1076.html |accessdate = February 21, 2015 |date = February 16, 2015 |publisher = Payvand.com }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's new budget to focus on privatization, subsidy reforms |work = Atieh Group |url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/01/iran-economic-forecast-2015.html |accessdate = February 2, 2015 |date = January 8, 2015 |first1 = Bijan |last1 = Khajehpour |publisher = [[Al-Monitor]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran Lures Investors Anticipating Nuclear Deal May End Sanctions |url = http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-08-17/iran-lures-investors-seeing-nuclear-deal-ending-sanctions.html |accessdate = August 20, 2014 |date = August 17, 2014 |first1 = Jeremy |last1 = Khan |publisher = [[Bloomberg News]] }}
* {{cite news |title = Assets of the Ayatollah |work = [[Reuters]] |url = http://www.reuters.com/investigates/iran/ |accessdate = December 7, 2013 |date = November 11, 2013 |first1 = Steve |last1 = Stecklow |first2 = Babak |last2 = Dehghanpisheh |first3 = Yeganeh |last3 = Torbati }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's bold economic reform – Economic jihad |work = [[The Economist]] |url = http://www.economist.com/node/18867440 |accessdate = April 7, 2012 |date = June 23, 2011 }}
* {{cite web |title = The Revolutionary Economy |url = http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/revolutionary-economy |accessdate = November 16, 2010 |work = [[United States Institute of Peace]] |first = Suzanne |last = Maloney |authorlink = }}
* {{cite web |title = Where Did Iran's Islamic Economy Come From and Where Did it Go? |url = http://www.payvand.com/news/10/oct/1199.html |publisher = Payvand.com |date = October 25, 2010 |accessdate = October 25, 2010 |first = Sohrab |last = Behdad |authorlink = }}
* {{cite news |title = Iran's economic self-mutilation |url = http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/JH26Ak01.html |work = [[Asia Times Online]] |date = August 26, 2008 |accessdate = October 18, 2010 |first = Hossein |last = Askari }}
* {{cite news |title = Ambitious modernization program for the Tehran Stock Exchange |url = http://www.albawaba.com/news/iran-%E2%80%93-ambitious-modernization-program-tehran-stock-exchange |accessdate = October 18, 2010 |date = June 22, 2007 |work = [[Global Investment House]] |format = }}
* {{cite web |title = Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine |url = http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB118072271215621679 |date = June 2, 2007 |accessdate = July 23, 2014 |first = Andrew |last = Higgins |work = [[Wall Street Journal]] |authorlink = }}
* {{cite news |title = Still failing, still defiant |work = [[The Economist]] |url = http://www.economist.com/node/3471508 |date = December 9, 2004 |accessdate = July 23, 2014 }}
* {{cite news |title = Millionaire Mullahs |work = [[Forbes]] |url = http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2003/0721/056.html |date = July 21, 2003 |accessdate = March 16, 2008 |first = Paul |last = Klebnikov |authorlink = Paul Klebnikov }}
{{Refend}}

;Buku
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last = Suzanne |first = Maloney |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6aIyCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13&dq=Iran%27s+Political+Economy+since+the+Revolution&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCAQuwUwAGoVChMIsNjyr6T7xgIVxoI-Ch2-tQKp#v=onepage&q=Iran%27s%20Political%20Economy%20since%20the%20Revolution&f=false |title = Iran's Political Economy since the Revolution |place = New York, USA |publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] |origyear = |date = June 2015 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |pages = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-0-521-73814-9 |postscript = . }}
* {{cite book |last = Amuzegar |first = Jahangir |author-link = Jahangir Amuzegar |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rY2bBAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Islamic%20Republic%20of%20Iran%3A%20Reflections%20on%20an%20Emerging%20Economy&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=The%20Islamic%20Republic%20of%20Iran:%20Reflections%20on%20an%20Emerging%20Economy&f=false |title = The Islamic Republic of Iran: Reflections on an Emerging Economy |place = New York, USA |publisher = [[Routledge]] |origyear = |date = October 2014 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |pages = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-1-85743-748-5 |postscript = . }}
* {{cite book |last = Parvin |first = Alizadeh |url = https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1317963008 |last2 = Hakimian |first2 = Hassan |title = Iran and the Global Economy: Petro Populism, Islam and Economic Sanctions |place = London, U.K. |publisher = [[Routledge]] |origyear = |date = December 2013 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |pages = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-1-315-86720-5 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Ayse |first = Valentine |url = http://www.thebusinessyear.com/publication/overview/15/iran-2013 |last2 = Nash |first2 = Jason John |author2-link = |last3 = Leland |first3 = Rice |title = The Business Year 2013: Iran |place = London, U.K. |publisher = The Business Year |origyear = |date = January 2013 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |pages = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150327120712/http://www.thebusinessyear.com/publication/overview/15/iran-2013 |archivedate = March 27, 2015 |doi = |isbn = 978-1-908180-11-7 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Nash |first = Jason John |url = http://www.thebusinessyear.com/publication/7/iran-2011 |last2 = Sasmaz |first2 = Aytng |author2-link = |title = The Business Year 2011: Iran |place = London, U.K. |publisher = The Business Year |origyear = |date = January 2011 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |page = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140417043321/http://www.thebusinessyear.com/publication/7/iran-2011 |archivedate = April 17, 2014 |doi = |isbn = 978-1-908180-00-1 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Gheissari |first = Ali |url = https://books.google.com/?id=GcmjCqsgN3gC&dq=Contemporary+Iran:+Economy,+Society,+Politics |last2 = |first2 = |author2-link = |title = Contemporary Iran: Economy, Society, Politics |place = New York, USA |publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] |origyear = |date = April 2009 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |page = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-0-19-537849-8 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Wehrey |first = Frederic |url = https://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG821/ |last2 = |first2 = |author2-link = |title = The Rise of the Pasdaran: Assessing the Domestic Roles of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps |format = PDF |place = Santa Monica, California, USA |publisher = [[RAND Corporation]] |origyear = |year = 2009 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |page = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-0-8330-4620-8 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Curtis |first = Glenn |format = PDF |url = http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf |last2 = Hooglund |first2 = Eric |author2-link = Eric Hooglund |title = Iran, a country study |place = Washington, D.C., USA |publisher = [[Library of Congress]] |origyear = |date = April 2008 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |page = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-0-8444-1187-3 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |url = http://www.imf.org/External/Pubs/NFT/2007/iran/market/market.pdf |title = Islamic Republic of Iran: Managing the Transition to a Market Economy |last1 = Jbili |first1 = A. |last2 = Kramarenko |first2 = V. |last3 = Bailén |first3 = J. M. |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |format = PDF |page = |date = March 2007 |isbn = 978-1-58906-441-6 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Mohammadi |first = Ali |url = https://books.google.com/?id=lQnt2r5XzkQC |last2 = |first2 = |author2-link = |title = Iran encountering globalization: problems and prospects |place = London, U.K. |publisher = [[Routledge]] |origyear = |date = April 2003 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |page = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-0-415-30827-4 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite book |last = Parvin |first = Alizadeh |url = https://books.google.com/?id=zu8q4fvh26sC |last2 = Hakimian |first2 = Hassan |author2-link = |title = The Economy of Iran: Dilemmas of an Islamic State |place = London, U.K. |publisher = [[I. B. Tauris]] |origyear = |date = March 2001 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |page = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-1-86064-464-1 |postscript = . }}
* {{cite book |last = Homa |first = Katouzian |authorlink = Homa Katouzian |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=klmuCwAAQBAJ&lpg=PR1&dq=The%20Political%20Economy%20of%20Modern%20Iran%3A%20Despotism%20and%20Pseudo-Modernism%2C%201926%E2%80%931979&pg=PA51#v=onepage&q=The%20Political%20Economy%20of%20Modern%20Iran:%20Despotism%20and%20Pseudo-Modernism,%201926%E2%80%931979&f=false |title = The Political Economy of Modern Iran: Despotism and Pseudo-Modernism, 1926–1979 |place = London, U.K. |publisher = [[Macmillan Publishers]] |origyear = |date = 1981 |volume = |edition = |chapter = |chapterurl = |pages = |archiveurl = |archivedate = |doi = |isbn = 978-1-349-04778-9 |postscript = . }}
{{Refend}}

;Pemerintah
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Annual Review 2013/14 |work = |publisher = [[Central Bank of Iran]] |date = February 2015 |url = http://www.cbi.ir/Newestdoc.aspx?id=0&dn=AnnualReview_en&dl=1 |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Annual Review 2012/13 |work = |publisher = [[Central Bank of Iran]] |date = July 2014 |url = http://www.cbi.ir/page/11992.aspx |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = A Review of the Iranian Tax System |work = [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)#Organization of Investment and Economic and Technical Assistance|Organization for Investment Economic and Technical Assistance of Iran]] |publisher = [[Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance (Iran)]] |date = January 2014 |url = http://www.oietai.ir/en/whyiran1/tax |format = |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Katzman |first = Kenneth |authorlink = |title = Iran Sanctions |work = |publisher = U.S. [[Congressional Research Service]] |date = January 2014 |url = https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS20871.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Memorandum of the foreign trade regime of Iran |work = |publisher = [[Ministry of Commerce (Iran)]] |date = November 2009 |url = http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713054415/http://www.irantradelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Irans-Foreign-Trade-Regime-Report.pdf |archivedate = July 13, 2013 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Ilias |first = Shayerah |authorlink = |title = Iran's Economy |work = |publisher = U.S. [[Congressional Research Service]] |date = June 2008 |url = http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/107234.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = [[Austrade]] |title = Doing Business in Iran |work = |publisher = |year = 2006 |url = http://www.austrade.gov.au/australia/layout/0,,0_S2-1_CLNTXID0019-2_-3_PWB1151550-4_doingbusiness-5_-6_-7_,00.html |doi = |accessdate = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060525004735/http://www.austrade.gov.au/australia/layout/0,,0_S2-1_CLNTXID0019-2_-3_PWB1151550-4_doingbusiness-5_-6_-7_,00.html |archivedate = May 25, 2006 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = [[Ministry of Commerce (Iran)]] |title = The National Report on E-Commerce in Iran |work = |publisher = |year = 2004 |url = http://www.irtp.com/laws/re/NATIONAL%20REPORT%202004.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060427124845/http://www.irtp.com/laws/re/NATIONAL%20REPORT%202004.pdf |archivedate = April 27, 2006 |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = [[Management and Planning Organization of Iran]] |title = Millennium Development Goals |work = |publisher = [[United Nations]] |year = 2004 |url = http://www.mporg.ir/Iran+MDG+Report+2004.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
{{Refend}}

;Surat kabar
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = |title = Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Iran |work = |publisher = Iran Entrepreneurship Association |date = Winter 2014 |url = http://www.cgiran.org/main/images/files/20140429102612_IranEntrepreneurshipEcosystemReport-IEA2013-v2.pdf |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150913025022/http://www.cgiran.org/main/images/files/20140429102612_IranEntrepreneurshipEcosystemReport-IEA2013-v2.pdf |archivedate = September 13, 2015 |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = IMF Staff Report |title = Islamic Republic of Iran |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = April 2014 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr1493.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Investment Guide To Iran |work = |publisher = Atieh Bahar Consulting |date = February 2014 |url = http://www.atiehbahar.com/eninvestmentText/103/Iran-Investment-Guide/default.aspx |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = April 2011 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2011/mcd/eng/pdf/mreo0411.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = October 2010 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/reo/2010/mcd/eng/10/mreo1024.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Salehi-Isfahani |first = Djavad |authorlink = Djavad Salehi-Isfahani |title = Iranian Youth in Times of Economic Crisis |work = |publisher = The Dubai Initiative |date = September 2010 |url = http://filebox.vt.edu/users/salehi/Iranian%20youth.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |author = IMF Staff Report |title = Islamic Republic of Iran |work = |publisher = [[International Monetary Fund]] |date = March 2010 |url = http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2010/cr1074.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Economic Prospects for the Middle East and North Africa Region |work = |publisher = [[World Bank]] |date = January 2010 |url = http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGEP2010/Resources/GEP2010Summer2010-MENAAnnex.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Normalization of Economic Relations: Consequences for Iran’s Economy and the United States |work = |publisher = (US) [[National Foreign Trade Council]] |year = 2008 |url = http://www.nftc.org/default/trade/NFTC%20Iran%20Normalizaton%20Book.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = The N-11: More Than an Acronym |work = |publisher = [[Goldman Sachs]] |date = March 2007 |url = http://www.chicagobooth.edu/alumni/clubs/pakistan/docs/next11dream-march%20%2707-goldmansachs.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |authorlink = |title = Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review – The Islamic Republic of Iran |work = |publisher = [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]] |date = February 2005 |url = http://unctad.org/en/docs/iteipc20057_en.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = Small and Medium Enterprises in Iran |work = |publisher = [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]] |year = 2003 |url = http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/Strategy_document_to_enhance_contribution_of_efficient_and_competitive_SME_sector%20_in_Iran.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = Nichols |first = Brian |author2 = Sahay, Sundeep |title = Building Iran's Software Industry |work = [[University of Manchester]] |publisher = Institute for Development Policy and Management |year = 2003 |url = http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
* {{Cite journal |last = |first = |title = Islamic Republic of Iran – Services for Agriculture and Rural Development |work = |publisher = [[World Bank]] |date = June 1994 |url = http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1994/06/20/000009265_3961004234937/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf |format = PDF |doi = |accessdate = |postscript = . }}
{{Refend}}

;Video
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = A look at Iran’s 6th development plans |url = http://presstv.com/Video/2015/08/05/423337/Iran-development-plans |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2015 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran government’s economic fight |url = http://presstv.com/detail/2014/08/20/375967/iran-governments-economic-fight/ |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2014 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Boosting international trade in Iran |url = http://presstv.com/detail/2014/08/13/375130/boosting-international-trade-in-iran/ |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2014 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Leader urges serious pursuit of ‘resistance economy’ |url = http://presstv.com/Program/353344.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = March 2014 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Latest on Iran’s subsidy reform plan |url = http://presstv.com/Program/330904.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = October 2013 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economy under sanctions |url = http://www.presstv.com/Program/253842.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = July 2012 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran’s “Economy of Resistance” |url = http://presstv.com/Program/243804.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = May 2012 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's New Commercial Law on a Five-Year Trial run |url = http://presstv.com/section/3510506.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = May 2012 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = 1391: Year of National Production, Supporting Iranian Capital and Labor |url = http://presstv.com/Program/235016.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = April 2012 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economic overhaul |url = http://presstv.com/Program/218651.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = December 2011 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's economic development plan |url = http://www.presstv.com/Program/194828.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = August 2011 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = 2011: Year of "Economic Jihad" |url = http://presstv.com/Program/176959.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = April 2011 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's Budget Bill (FY 2011) |url = http://presstv.com/Program/170721.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = March 2011 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Iran's Economic Reform Plan |url = http://presstv.com/Program/157036.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = December 2010 }}
* {{Cite video |people = Iran Today |title = Fifth Development Plan in Majlis |url = http://www.presstv.com/program/153427.html |medium = [[Webcast]] |publisher = [[PressTV]] |location = Tehran, Iran |date = November 2010 }}
* {{Cite video |people = [[Karim Sadjadpour]] |title = Iran's Economic Health and the Impact of Sanctions |url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKnlgnca3AE |medium = [[YouTube]] video |publisher = [[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]] |location = Washington D.C., USA |date = April 2010 }}
* {{Cite video |people = |title = Davos Annual Meeting 2007 – Voices from Iran |url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NDTUz-jxfQ&feature=&p=65A990AE24F4BBE5&index=0&playnext=1 |medium = YouTube video |publisher = [[World Economic Forum]] |location = Davos, Switzerland |date = January 2007 }}
{{Refend}}
{{Topik Asia|Ekonomi}}
{{Topik Asia|Ekonomi}}
{{Topik Iran}}
{{Topik Iran}}

Revisi per 13 Agustus 2016 00.53

Ekonomi Iran terbagi kedalam tiga sektor yaitu sektor kerajaan, sektor koperasi (kerjasama serikat) dan sektor swasta.

Sektor negara meliputi industri-industri berat, perdagangan internasional, pertambangan, perbankan dan asuransi, irigasi, komunikasi, transportasi umum dan lain-lain. Semua sektor ini berada dibawah penguasaan kerajaan Iran. Sektor koperasi meliputi kerjasama-kerjasama serikat-serikat dan perusahaan-perusahaan swasta yang ingin mengembangkan operasi mereka di kawasan kota dan luar kota. Sektor swasta yang dimana operasi mereka adalah konstruksi, pertanian, industri, perdagangan dan jasa. Operasi-operasi ini bertindak sebagai penyokong sektor kerajaan dan koperasi. Dewasa ini, peranan sektor swasta dikembangkan lagi dengan penswastaan 80% sektor negara.[1]

Sektor Ekonomi

Sektor Ekonomi Makro

Pada awal abad ke-21, sektor jasa merupakan sektor merupakan penyumbang terbesar dalam pendapatan kotor Iran. Industri kedua terbesar adalah pertambangan diikuti dengan pertanian. Lebih kurang 45% dari pendapatan negara berasal dari hasil pertambangan minyak dan gas alam. 31% pula merupakan hasil cukai. Defisit perbelanjaan Iran merupakan antara masalah yang kronik dan disebabkan dari subsidi sektor-sektor industri berat yang bernilai USD 30 milyar setiap tahun (2006)[2].

Sektor industri yang meliputi pertambangan, pembuatan dan konstruksi menyumbang 42 persen pendapatan Iran dan menggaji 31 persen tenaga buruh Iran. Hasil pertambangan terutama petroluem merupakan ekspor utama Iran (89 persen dari jumlah keseluruhan) tetapi menggunakan kurang dari 1 persen tenaga buruh. Negara Iran telah sejak lama memberagamkan ekonomi Iran dengan membuat pelaburan dalam industri otomitif, industri luar angkasa, elektronik, petrokimia dan nuklir. Iran juga mempunyai potensi yang besar dalam pertambangan, dan pariwisata[3], dan juga informasi teknologi.

Pertanian

Berkas:604px-Iran major crops78.jpg
Peta mengenai tanaman utama iran. Pada tahun 1997 saja, hasil kasar pertanian berjumlah Dolar USD 25 milyar.
Artikel utama: Pertanian Iran

Seperempat dari jumlah ekspor Iran (tidak termasuk ekspor petroleum) adalah dari sektor pertanian. Sektor ini menyumbang sebanyak 11 persen pendapatan negara Iran pada tahun 2004 dan mempekerjakan 23 persen dari tenaga buruh. Sejak tahun 1979, pertanian komersil mulai menggantikan pertanian berskala kecil.

Tanaman utama Iran ad asalah gandum, beras dan bali. Namun begitu, bekalan gandum dan beras gagal memenuhi permintaan tempatan menyebabkan bahan ini diimpot masuk. Tanaman-tanaman utama lain ialah ubi kentang, legum, sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, tebu dan rempah ratus. Terdapat juga penternakan lebah untuk sumber madu dan juga ladang ladang sutera untuk penghasilan sutera. Sumber ternakan utama pula ialah kambing, lembu, ayam, telur dan hasil tenusu. Ekspot pertanian utama Iran ialah buah-buahan, makanan yang diproses dan rempah.

Perkilangan

Industri berat mulai diperkenalkan di Iran pada tahun 1920-an dan berkembang dengan begitu pesat. Namun, Perang Iran-Iraq memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur-infrastruktur industri berat di Iran seperti pusat kilang minyak di Abadan. Akibat lain dari perang ini ialah kemunculan industri-industri pembuatan kecil yang menggantikan peranan industri-industri besar terutama dalam pembuatan senjata api dan keperluan militer.

Saat ini, industri pembuatan utama Iran ialah petrokimia, keluli, dan pembuatan bahan tembaga. Industri lain termasuk juga industri otomotif[4], barangan elektrik dan komunikasi, simen, pembuatan jentera[5], perkilangan kertas, getah, karpet, dan farmasi

Selain itu, Iran juga turut maju dalam industri pertahanan dan militer. Sejak tahun 1992, Organisasi Industri Pertahanan Iran telah berhasil memproduksi tank baja, pesawat pejuang, peluru kendali, dan kapal selam[6]. Pada tahun 2006, Iran mengimpor pengeluaran industri ini ke 57 negara di seluruh dunia termasuk negara-negara NATO. Hasil perdagangan ini bernilai AS$100 juta[7] [8] [9].

Petroleum Dan Gas Alam

Berkas:Iran ogdetail.gif
Peta menunjukkan projek-projek perpaipan dan panggalian minyak dan gas alam di Iran.

Minyak mentah pertama kali ditemukan di Iran. Sejak saat itu, perdagangan minyak menjadi tulang punggung ekonomi Iran. Pada tahun 70an, Iran merupakan negara dengan produksi petroleum ke-empat terbesar dunia. Setelah Revolusi Iran pada tahun 1979, kerajaan Iran melancarkan proyek pemeliharaan minyak dengan mengurangi pengeluarannya. Perang Iran-Iraq yang tercetus pada tahun berikutnya memusnahkan banyak infrastruktur penggalian dan perkilangan menyebabkan produksi minyak menurun. Namun begitu, pada tahun 1980an, produksi minyak Iran meningkat lagi berikut perbaikan infrastruktur minyak dan juga penemuan telaga minyak baru di Teluk Persia. Pada tahun 2004, jumlah produksi minyak Iran pertahun adalah 1.4 milyar tong minyak yang membawa keuntungan bersih berjumlah AS$ 50 milyar[10]. Iran juga turut mempunyai simpanan gas alam kedua terbesar di dunia (15 % dari simpanan gas alam dunia) dan kebanyakan digunakan untuk tujuan domestik.

Pertambangan

Artikel utama: Pertambangan Iran

Sektor pertambangan Iran merupakan sektor yang kurang berkembang dibanding dengan sektor-sektor lain. Hasil produksi kasar bahan mineral adalah kurang dari 0.6 persen penghasilan Iran. Faktor-faktor utama yang menghadkan sektor ini ialah kekurangan infrastruktur yang sesuai, kesulitan dalam eksplorasi, dan juga pengawasan negara dalam sumber alam.

Walaupun petroleum merupakan pertambangan utama, kurang lebih 75 persen tenaga buruh di sektor pertambangan bekerja di sektor bukan petroleum. Sektor perlombongan ini termasuk batu bara, emas, uranium, garam, bijih besi dan lain lain. Tsmbang tembaga di Sar Cheshmah di Provinsi Kerman merupakan tambang tembaga terbesar kedua di dunia. Iran juga mempunyai simpanan bijih besi yang besar di wilayah Iran bagian tengah.

Jasa

Artikel utama: Jasa di Iran

Sektor jasa merupakan sektor ekonomi terbesar di Iran. Pada tahun 2004, sektor ini menghasilkan 48 persen dari KDNK Iran dan mempekerjakan 44 persen dari tenaga buruh. Industri jasa utamanya adalah jasa biasa seperti pendidikan, perdagangan, jasa pribadi, jasa profesional seperti kesehatan, dan juga pariwisata. Namun demikian, sektor ini juga turut menelan belanja yang besar dari dana negara. Kebanyakan dana ini disalurkan untuk perbelanjaan kemiliteran, pembayaran gaji pegawai, dan juga pembayaran jasa sosial.

Referensi

  1. ^ Berita dari BBC
  2. ^ Berita dari Daily Herald
  3. ^ Pelancongan di Iran daripada Iran yellow pages
  4. ^ Dipetik dari berita CNN
  5. ^ www.ifrstat.org/Abstract2005.pdf
  6. ^ Sumber dari Fox News
  7. ^ Sumber berita dari Irib News
  8. ^ Sumber berita dari Irib News
  9. ^ Sumber dari laman web Irna.ir
  10. ^ dari berita Seattle Times

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