J. P. Morgan

J. P. Morgan
Lahir	17 April 1837 Hartford, Connecticut, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal	31 Maret 1913 (umur 75) Roma, Italia
Tempat peristirahatan	Cedar Hill Cemetery
Pekerjaan	Pendana, Bankir
Agama	Episkopal
Pasangan	Amelia Sturges (m. 1861–1862) «start: (1861)–[[{{{3}}} Parameter salah (harus 1 — 12)]] 1862 »"Pernikahan: Amelia Sturges dari J. P. Morgan" Location: (linkback://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._P._Morgan) Frances Louise Tracy (m. 1865–1913) «start: (1865)–[[{{{3}}} Parameter salah (harus 1 — 12)]] 1913 »"Pernikahan: Frances Louise Tracy dari J. P. Morgan" Location: (linkback://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._P._Morgan)
Anak	Louisa Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. Juliet Morgan Anne Morgan
Orang tua	Junius Spencer Morgan Juliet Pierpont
Tanda tangan

John Pierpont Morgan (17 April 1837 – 31 Maret 1913) adalah seorang pendana, bankir, dan kolektor seni asal Amerika Serikat yang mendominasi keuangan perusahaan dan konsolidasi industri pada saat itu. Pada tahun 1892, Morgan mengatur penggabungan Edison General Electric dan Thomson-Houston Electric Company untuk membentuk General Electric. Setelah mendanai pembentukan Federal Steel Company, ia bergabung dengan Carnegie Steel Company pada tahun 1901 dan sejumlah industri baja dan besi lainnya, termasuk Consolidated Steel and Wire Company yang dimiliki oleh William Edenborn, untuk membentuk United States Steel Corporation.

Morgan meninggal dunia di Roma, Italia, dalam tidurnya pada usia 75 tahun, meninggalkan kekayaan dan bisnisnya kepada putranya, John Pierpont "Jack" Morgan, Jr., dan mewariskan puri dan koleksi bukunya kepada The Morgan Library & Museum di New York.

Pada puncak karier Morgan sepanjang awal 1900-an, ia dan mitranya melakukan investasi di berbagai perusahaan besar dan dituduh mengendalikan keuangan negara oleh para kritikus. Ia memimpin koalisi perbankan yang menghentikan Kepanikan 1907. Ia adalah pendana berpengaruh pada Zaman Progresif, dan dedikasinya terhadap efisiensi dan modernisasi turut membantu mengubah bisnis di Amerika Serikat. Morgan meluruskan arti konservatisme dalam hal kekuatan finansial yang digabungkan dengan komitmen kuat terhadap agama dan budaya tinggi.

Perusahaan Morgan

Pada tahun 1890–1913, 42 perusahaan besar dibentuk atau sekuritas mereka ditanggung secara keseluruhan atau sebagian oleh J. P. Morgan and Company.

Industri

• American Bridge Company
• American Telephone & Telegraph
• Associated Merchants
• Atlas Portland Cement
• Boomer Coal & Coke
• Federal Steel Company
• General Electric
• Hartford Carpet Corporation
• Inspiration Consolidated Copper
• International Harvester
• International Mercantile Marine
• J. I. Case Threshing Machine
• National Tube
• United Dry Goods

Kereta api

• Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
• Atlantic Coast Line
• Central of Georgia Railroad
• Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad
• Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad
• Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
• Chicago Great Western Railway
• Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railroad
• Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway
• Erie Railroad
• Florida East Coast Railway
• Hocking Valley Railway
• Lehigh Valley Railroad
• Louisville and Nashville Railroad
• New York Central System
• New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad
• New York, Ontario and Western Railway
• Northern Pacific Railway
• Pennsylvania Railroad
• Pere Marquette Railroad
• Reading Railroad
• St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad
• Southern Railway
• Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis

Lihat pula

• JPMorgan Chase
• H. B. Hollins
• Dwight Morrow
• George Peabody
• Morgan Stanley
• Ventfort Hall

Bibliografi

Biografi

• Atwood, Albert W. and Erickson, Erling A. "Morgan, John Pierpont, (Apr. 17, 1837 – Mar. 31, 1913)," in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 7 (1934)
• Auchincloss, Louis. J.P. Morgan : The Financier as Collector Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (1990) ISBN 0-8109-3610-0
• Baker, Ray Stannard (October 1901). "J. Pierpont Morgan". McClure's Magazine 17 (6): 507–518. Diakses 2009-07-10. 
• Brands, H.W. Masters of Enterprise: Giants of American Business from John Jacob Astor and J. P. Morgan to Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey (1999), pp. 64–79
• Bryman, Jeremy. J. P. Morgan: Banker to a Growing Nation : Morgan Reynolds Publishing (2001) ISBN 1-883846-60-9, for middle schools
• Carosso, Vincent P. The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854–1913. Harvard U. Press, 1987. 888 pp. ISBN 978-0-674-58729-8
• Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance, (2001) ISBN 0-8021-3829-2
• Morris, Charles R. The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy (2005) ISBN 978-0-8050-8134-3
• Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier. (1999). 796 pp. excerpt and text search

Studi khusus

• Brandeis, Louis D. Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It. Ed. Melvin I. Urofsky. (1995). ISBN 0-312-10314-X
• Carosso, Vincent P. Investment Banking in America: A History Harvard University Press (1970)
• De Long, Bradford. "Did JP Morgan's Men Add Value?: An Economist's Perspective on Financial Capitalism," in Peter Temin, ed., Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information (1991) pp. 205–36; shows firms with a Morgan partner on their board had higher stock prices (relative to book value) than their competitors
• Forbes, John Douglas. J. P. Morgan, Jr., 1867–1943 (1981). 262 pp. biography of his son
• Fraser, Steve. Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life HarperCollins (2005)
• Garraty, John A. Right-Hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins. (1960) ISBN 978-0-313-20186-8; Perkins was a top aide 1900–1910
• Garraty, John A. "The United States Steel Corporation Versus Labor: The Early Years," Labor History 1960 1(1): 3–38
• Geisst; Charles R. Wall Street: A History from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron. Oxford University Press. 2004.
• Giedeman, Daniel C. "J. P. Morgan, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and Industrial Finance-Constraints in the Early Twentieth Century", Essays in Economic and Business History, 2004 22: 111–126
• Hannah, Leslie. "J. P. Morgan in London and New York before 1914," Business History Review 85 (Spring 2011) 113–50
• Keys, C.M. (January 1908). "The Builders I: The House of Morgan". The World's Work 15 (2): 9779–9704. Diakses 2009-07-10. 
• Moody, John. The Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street (1921)
• Rottenberg, Dan. The Man Who Made Wall Street. University Of Pennsylvania Press.

Pranala luar

• George LaBarre Galleries : J. Pierpont Morgan autographed New Jersey Junction Railroad 100-year Bond dated 1886.
• The Morgan Library and Museum, 225 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
• John Pierpont (J.P.) Morgan—People of Connecticut
• The American Experience—J.P. Morgan
• Scripophily.com : J. Pierpont Morgan autographed New Jersey Junction Railroad 100-year Bond dated 1886.
• Pujo Committee Hearings—searchable full-text—Also known as Money Trust Investigation. Investigation of Financial and Monetary Conditions in the United States Under House Resolutions Nos. 429 and 504.
• Booknotes interview with Jean Strouse on Morgan: American Financier, May 23, 1999.
• Karya di Wikisource:
  • Templat:Cite CAB
  • Artikel ini memuat teks dari Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, publikasi yang sekarang berada di domain umum.
  • "Morgan, John Pierpont". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.  di Wikisource