Genealogi genetik: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Sebaris

Revisi per 2 November 2022 14.24

Genealogi genetik atau silsilah genetik adalah penggunaan tes DNA silsilah, yaitu, pembuatan profil DNA dan tes DNA, yang dikombinasikan dengan metode silsilah tradisional, untuk menyimpulkan hubungan genetik di antara individu. Penerapan ilmu genetika ini kemudian digunakan oleh sejarawan keluarga di abad ke-21, semenjak tes DNA menjadi terjangkau. Pengujian genealogi genetik telah dipromosikan oleh kelompok amatir, seperti kelompok studi nama keluarga atau kelompok silsilah regional, serta proyek berbasis riset seperti Proyek Genografi.

Pada tahun 2019, sekitar 30 juta orang telah diuji. Seiring berkembangnya bidang ilmu ini, tujuan para praktisi meluas, dan banyak yang mencari pengetahuan tentang leluhur mereka jauh ke belakang melampaui abad-abad terkini, di mana silsilah tradisional dapat dibangun.

Lihat pula

Alel
Frekuensi alel
Elektroferogram
Rekombinasi genetik
Haplotipe
Haplogroup DNA mitokondria manusia
Genetika mitokondria manusia
Haplogroup DNA kromosom Y manusia
Nenek moyang terbaru
Peristiwa non-ayah
Daftar haplogroup kromosom Y dalam populasi dunia
Y-STR (pengulangan tandem pendek kromosom Y)

Bacaan lebih lanjut

Buku

Carmichael, Terrence; Alexander Ivanof Kuklin; Ed Grotjan (2000). How to DNA Test Our Family Relationships. Mountain View, CA: AceN Press. ISBN 978-0-9664027-1-1. Early book on adoptions, paternity and other relationship testing. Carmichael is a founder of GeneTree.
Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca; Paolo Menozzi; Alberto Piazza (1994). The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-08750-4.
Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi L.; Cavalli-Sforza, Francesco; Mimnaugh, Heather; Parker, Lynn (1996). The Great Human Diasporas : The History of Diversity and Evolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-44231-1.
Fitzpatrick, Colleen; Andrew Yeiser (2005). DNA and Genealogy. Fountain Valley, CA: Rice Book Press. ISBN 978-0-9767160-1-3.
Gamble, Clive (1996). Timewalkers : The Prehistory of Global Colonization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-89203-3.
Jobling, Mark; Hurles, Matthew; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2003). Human Evolutionary Genetics : Origins, Peoples and Disease. New York, NY: Garland Science. ISBN 978-0-8153-4185-7.
Olson, Steve (2003). Mapping Human History : Genes, Race, and Our Common Origins. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-35210-4. Survey of major populations.
Oppenheimer, Stephen (2003). The Real Eve : Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa. New York, NY: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 978-0-7867-1192-5.
Smolenyak, Megan; Ann Turner (2004). Trace Your Roots with DNA : Using Genetic Tests to Explore Your Family Tree. Emmaus, PA; Rodale, NY: Distributed to the trade by Holtzbrinck Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59486-006-5. Out of date but still worth reading.
Pomery, Chris; Steve Jones (2004). DNA and Family History : How Genetic Testing Can Advance Your Genealogical Research. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Dundurn Group. ISBN 978-1-5500-2536-1. Early guide for do-it-yourself genealogists.
Pomery, Chris (2007). Family History in the Genes : Trace Your DNA and Grow Your Family Tree. Kew, UK: National Archives. ISBN 978-1-905615-12-4.
Shawker, Thomas H. (2004). Unlocking Your Genetic History : A Step-by-Step Guide to Discovering Your Family's Medical and Genetic Heritage. Nashville, TN: Rutledge Hill Press. ISBN 978-1-4016-0144-7. Guide to the subject of family medical history and genetic diseases.
Sykes, Bryan (2002). The Seven Daughters of Eve : The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry. New York, NY: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32314-6. Names the founders of Europe’s major female haplogroups Helena, Jasmine, Katrine, Tara, Velda, Xenia, and Ursula.
Sykes, Bryan (2004). Adam's Curse : A Future Without Men. New York, NY: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05896-3.
Tagliaferro, Linda; Mark Vincent Bloom (1999). Complete Idiot's Guide to Decoding Your Genes. New York, NY: Alpha Books. ISBN 978-0-02-863586-6.
Wells, Spencer (2004). The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-8129-7146-0.
Bettinger, Blaine (2019). The Family Tree Guide to DNA Testing and Genetic Genealogy (2nd edition 31 Aug. 2019). Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Family Tree Books. ISBN 978-1-4403-0057-8. "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".

Documentaries

Jennifer Beamish (producer); Clive Maltby (director); Spencer Wells (host) (2003). The Journey of Man (DVD). Alexandria, VA: PBS Home Video. ASIN B0000AYL48. ISBN 978-0-7936-9625-3. OCLC 924430061.

Journals

Decker, A.E.; Kline, M.C.; Vallone, P.M.; Butler, J.M. (2007). "The impact of additional Y-STR loci on resolving common haplotypes and closely related individuals". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 1 (2): 215–217. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.01.012. PMID 19083761.
Dula, Annette; Royal, Charmaine; Secundy, Marian Gray; Miles, Steven (2003). "The Ethical and Social Implications of Exploring African American Genealogies". Developing World Bioethics. 3 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1046/j.1471-8731.2003.00069.x. PMID 14768645.
Elhaik, E.; Greenspan, E.; Staats, S.; Krahn, T.; Tyler-Smith, C.; Xue, Y.; Tofanelli, S.; Francalacci, P.; Cucca, F. (2013). "The GenoChip: A New Tool for Genetic Anthropology". Genome Biology and Evolution. 5 (5): 1021–31. doi:10.1093/gbe/evt066. PMC 3673633 . PMID 23666864.
El-Haj, Nadia ABU (2007). "Rethinking genetic genealogy: A response to Stephan Palmi". American Ethnologist. 34 (2): 223–226. doi:10.1525/ae.2007.34.2.223.
Fujimura, J. H.; Rajagopalan, R. (2010). "Different differences: The use of 'genetic ancestry' versus race in biomedical human genetic research". Social Studies of Science. 41 (1): 5–30. doi:10.1177/0306312710379170. PMC 3124377 . PMID 21553638.
Golubovsky, M. (2008). "Unexplained infertility in Charles Darwin's family: Genetic aspect". Human Reproduction. 23 (5): 1237–8. doi:10.1093/humrep/den052 . PMID 18353904.
Gymrek, M.; McGuire, A. L.; Golan, D.; Halperin, E.; Erlich, Y. (2013). "Identifying Personal Genomes by Surname Inference". Science. 339 (6117): 321–4. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..321G. doi:10.1126/science.1229566. PMID 23329047.
Larmuseau, M.H.D.; Van Geystelen, A.; Van Oven, M.; Decorte, R. (2013). "Genetic genealogy comes of age: Perspectives on the use of deep-rooted pedigrees in human population genetics". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 150 (4): 505–11. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22233. PMID 23440589.
Larmuseau, M H D; Vanoverbeke, J; Gielis, G; Vanderheyden, N; Larmuseau, H F M; Decorte, R (2012). "In the name of the migrant father—Analysis of surname origins identifies genetic admixture events undetectable from genealogical records". Heredity. 109 (2): 90–5. doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.17. PMC 3400745 . PMID 22511074.
McEwen, Jean E.; Boyer, Joy T.; Sun, Kathie Y. (2013). "Evolving approaches to the ethical management of genomic data". Trends in Genetics. 29 (6): 375–82. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2013.02.001. PMC 3665610 . PMID 23453621.
Moore, CeCe (2016). "The History of Genetic Genealogy and Unknown Parentage Research: An Insider's View". Journal of Genetic Genealogy. 8 (1): 35–37.
Nash, Catherine (2004). "Genetic kinship". Cultural Studies. 18: 1–33. doi:10.1080/0950238042000181593.
Nelson, A. (2008). "Bio Science: Genetic Genealogy Testing and the Pursuit of African Ancestry". Social Studies of Science. 38 (5): 759–83. doi:10.1177/0306312708091929. PMID 19227820.
Royal, Charmaine D.; Novembre, John; Fullerton, Stephanie M.; Goldstein, David B.; Long, Jeffrey C.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Clark, Andrew G. (2010). "Inferring Genetic Ancestry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 86 (5): 661–673. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.03.011. PMC 2869013 . PMID 20466090.
Sims, Lynn M.; Garvey, Dennis; Ballantyne, Jack (2009). Batzer, Mark A, ed. "Improved Resolution Haplogroup G Phylogeny in the Y Chromosome, Revealed by a Set of Newly Characterized SNPs". PLOS ONE. 4 (6): e5792. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5792S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005792 . PMC 2686153 . PMID 19495413.
Su, Yeyang; Howard, Heidi C.; Borry, Pascal (2011). "Users' motivations to purchase direct-to-consumer genome-wide testing: An exploratory study of personal stories". Journal of Community Genetics. 2 (3): 135–46. doi:10.1007/s12687-011-0048-y. PMC 3186033 . PMID 22109820.
Tutton, Richard (2004). ""They want to know where they came from": Population genetics, identity, and family genealogy". New Genetics and Society. 23 (1): 105–20. doi:10.1080/1463677042000189606. PMID 15470787.
Van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred (2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–94. doi:10.1002/humu.20921 . PMID 18853457.
Williams, Sloan R. (2005). "Genetic Genealogy: The Woodson Family's Experience". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 29 (2): 225–252. doi:10.1007/s11013-005-7426-3. PMID 16249951.
Wolinsky, Howard (2006). "Genetic genealogy goes global. Although useful in investigating ancestry, the application of genetics to traditional genealogy could be abused". EMBO Reports. 7 (11): 1072–4. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400843. PMC 1679782 . PMID 17077861.
Zabel, Joseph (2019). "The Killer Inside Us: Law, Ethics, and the Forensic Use of Family Genetics". Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law. 24 (2). doi:10.15779/Z385D8NF71 (tidak aktif 31 July 2022).
Greytak, Ellen M.; Moore, CeCe; Armentrout, Steven L. (2019). "Genetic genealogy for cold case and active investigations". Forensic Science International. 299: 103–113. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.039. PMID 30991209.

Pranala luar

Shared cM Project – how to determine ones relationship based on Centimorgan (cM) values

@@ Baris 22: / Baris 22: @@
 === Buku ===
+{{refbegin}}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-9664027-1-1 | title = How to DNA Test Our Family Relationships | last1 = Carmichael | first1 = Terrence | author2 = Alexander Ivanof Kuklin; Ed Grotjan | year = 2000 | publisher = AceN Press | location = Mountain View, CA | url = https://archive.org/details/howtodnatestourf00terr }} ''Early book on adoptions, paternity and other relationship testing. Carmichael is a founder of GeneTree.''
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-691-08750-4 | title = The History and Geography of Human Genes | url = https://archive.org/details/historygeography0000cava_g9l7 | url-access = registration | last1 = Cavalli-Sforza | first1 = Luigi Luca |author2=Paolo Menozzi; Alberto Piazza | year = 1994 | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, N.J.  }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-201-44231-1 | title = The Great Human Diasporas : The History of Diversity and Evolution | last1 = Cavalli-Sforza | first1 = Luigi L. | first2 = Francesco | last2 = Cavalli-Sforza | first3 = Heather | last3 = Mimnaugh | first4 = Lynn | last4 = Parker | year = 1996 | publisher = Addison-Wesley | location = Reading, MA | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/greathumandiaspo00luig }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-9767160-1-3 | title = DNA and Genealogy | last1 = Fitzpatrick | first1 = Colleen | author2 = Andrew Yeiser | year = 2005 | publisher = Rice Book Press | location = Fountain Valley, CA | url = https://archive.org/details/dnagenealogy00coll }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-674-89203-3 | title = Timewalkers : The Prehistory of Global Colonization | last1 = Gamble | first1 = Clive | year = 1996 | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, MA | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/timewalkersprehi0000gamb_f9t1 }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-8153-4185-7 | title = Human Evolutionary Genetics : Origins, Peoples and Disease | last1 = Jobling | first1 = Mark |last2=Hurles |first2=Matthew |last3=Tyler-Smith |first3=Chris | year = 2003 | publisher = Garland Science | location = New York, NY  }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-618-35210-4 | title = Mapping Human History : Genes, Race, and Our Common Origins | last1 = Olson | first1 = Steve | year = 2003 | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | location = Boston, MA | url = https://archive.org/details/mappinghumanhist00stev }} ''Survey of major populations.''
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-7867-1192-5 | title = The Real Eve : Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa | last1 = Oppenheimer | first1 = Stephen | year = 2003 | publisher = Carroll & Graf | location = New York, NY  }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-1-59486-006-5 | title = Trace Your Roots with DNA : Using Genetic Tests to Explore Your Family Tree | last1 = Smolenyak | first1 = Megan | author2 = Ann Turner | year = 2004 | publisher = Distributed to the trade by Holtzbrinck Publishers | location = Emmaus, PA; Rodale, NY | url = https://archive.org/details/traceyourrootswi00smol }} ''Out of date but still worth reading.''
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-1-5500-2536-1 | title = DNA and Family History : How Genetic Testing Can Advance Your Genealogical Research | last1 = Pomery | first1 = Chris | author2 = Steve Jones | year = 2004 | publisher = Dundurn Group | location = Toronto, Ontario, Canada | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/dnafamilyhistory0000pome }} ''Early guide for do-it-yourself genealogists.''
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-1-905615-12-4 | title = Family History in the Genes : Trace Your DNA and Grow Your Family Tree | last1 = Pomery | first1 = Chris | year = 2007 | publisher = National Archives | location = Kew, UK  }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-1-4016-0144-7 | title = Unlocking Your Genetic History : A Step-by-Step Guide to Discovering Your Family's Medical and Genetic Heritage | last1 = Shawker | first1 = Thomas H. | year = 2004 | publisher = Rutledge Hill Press | location = Nashville, TN  }} ''Guide to the subject of family medical history and genetic diseases.''
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-393-32314-6 | title = The Seven Daughters of Eve : The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry | last1 = Sykes | first1 = Bryan | year = 2002 | publisher = Norton | location = New York, NY | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/sevendaughtersof00brya }} ''Names the founders of Europe’s major female haplogroups [[Haplogroup H (mtDNA)|Helena]], [[Haplogroup J (mtDNA)|Jasmine]], [[Haplogroup K (mtDNA)|Katrine]], [[Haplogroup T (mtDNA)|Tara]], [[Velda]], [[Haplogroup X (mtDNA)|Xenia]], and [[Haplogroup U (mtDNA)|Ursula]].''
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-393-05896-3 | title = Adam's Curse : A Future Without Men | last1 = Sykes | first1 = Bryan | year = 2004 | publisher = W.W. Norton | location = New York, NY | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/adamscursefuture0000syke }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-02-863586-6 | title = Complete Idiot's Guide to Decoding Your Genes | url = https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu0000tagl | url-access = registration | last1 = Tagliaferro | first1 = Linda |author2=Mark Vincent Bloom | year = 1999 | publisher = Alpha Books | location = New York, NY  }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-0-8129-7146-0 | title = The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey | last1 = Wells | first1 = Spencer | year = 2004 | publisher = Random House Trade Paperbacks | location = New York, NY  }}
+*{{cite book | isbn = 978-1-4403-0057-8 | title = The Family Tree Guide to DNA Testing and Genetic Genealogy (2nd edition 31 Aug. 2019) | last1 = Bettinger | first1 = Blaine | year = 2019 | publisher = Family Tree Books | location = Cincinnati, Ohio, USA }} "Highly recommended book for beginners by various professional genetic genealogists and advanced amateur genealogists, and on genetic genealogy Facebook groups".
+{{refend}}
+===Documentaries===
+{{refbegin}}
+{{cite AV media |people=Jennifer Beamish (producer); Clive Maltby (director); [[Spencer Wells]] (host) |date=2003 |title=The Journey of Man |medium=DVD |location=Alexandria, VA |publisher=[[PBS|PBS Home Video]] |asin=B0000AYL48 |isbn=978-0-7936-9625-3 |oclc=924430061 }}
+{{refend}}
+===Journals===
+{{refbegin}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Decker |doi=10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.01.012|pmid=19083761|title=The impact of additional Y-STR loci on resolving common haplotypes and closely related individuals|year=2007 |first1=A.E.|last2=Kline|first2=M.C.|last3=Vallone|first3=P.M.|last4=Butler|first4=J.M.|journal=Forensic Science International: Genetics|volume=1|issue=2|pages=215–217|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258971}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Dula |doi=10.1046/j.1471-8731.2003.00069.x|title=The Ethical and Social Implications of Exploring African American Genealogies|year=2003 |first1=Annette|last2=Royal|first2=Charmaine|last3=Secundy|first3=Marian Gray|last4=Miles|first4=Steven|journal=Developing World Bioethics|volume=3|issue=2|pages=133–41|pmid=14768645}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Elhaik |doi=10.1093/gbe/evt066|title=The GenoChip: A New Tool for Genetic Anthropology|year=2013 |first1=E.|last2=Greenspan|first2=E.|last3=Staats|first3=S.|last4=Krahn|first4=T.|last5=Tyler-Smith|first5=C.|last6=Xue|first6=Y.|last7=Tofanelli|first7=S.|last8=Francalacci|first8=P.|last9=Cucca|first9=F.|journal=Genome Biology and Evolution|volume=5|issue=5|pages=1021–31|pmid=23666864|pmc=3673633 }}
+*{{cite journal|last1=El-Haj |doi=10.1525/ae.2007.34.2.223|title=Rethinking genetic genealogy: A response to Stephan Palmi|year=2007 |first1=Nadia ABU|journal=American Ethnologist|volume=34|issue=2|pages=223–226}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Fujimura |doi=10.1177/0306312710379170|title=Different differences: The use of 'genetic ancestry' versus race in biomedical human genetic research|year=2010 |first1=J. H.|last2=Rajagopalan|first2=R.|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=41|pages=5–30|pmid=21553638|issue=1|pmc=3124377}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Golubovsky |doi=10.1093/humrep/den052|title=Unexplained infertility in Charles Darwin's family: Genetic aspect|year=2008 |first1=M.|journal=Human Reproduction|volume=23|issue=5|pages=1237–8|pmid=18353904|doi-access=free}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Gymrek |doi=10.1126/science.1229566|title=Identifying Personal Genomes by Surname Inference|year=2013 |first1=M.|last2=McGuire|first2=A. L.|last3=Golan|first3=D.|last4=Halperin|first4=E.|last5=Erlich|first5=Y.|s2cid=3473659|journal=Science|volume=339|issue=6117|pages=321–4|pmid=23329047|bibcode=2013Sci...339..321G}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Larmuseau |doi=10.1002/ajpa.22233|title=Genetic genealogy comes of age: Perspectives on the use of deep-rooted pedigrees in human population genetics|year=2013 |first1=M.H.D.|last2=Van Geystelen|first2=A.|last3=Van Oven|first3=M.|last4=Decorte|first4=R.|journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology|volume=150|issue=4|pages=505–11|pmid=23440589}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Larmuseau |doi=10.1038/hdy.2012.17|title=In the name of the migrant father—Analysis of surname origins identifies genetic admixture events undetectable from genealogical records|year=2012 |first1=M H D|last2=Vanoverbeke|first2=J|last3=Gielis|first3=G|last4=Vanderheyden|first4=N|last5=Larmuseau|first5=H F M|last6=Decorte|first6=R|journal=Heredity|volume=109|issue=2|pages=90–5|pmid=22511074|pmc=3400745}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=McEwen |doi=10.1016/j.tig.2013.02.001|title=Evolving approaches to the ethical management of genomic data|year=2013 |first1=Jean E.|last2=Boyer|first2=Joy T.|last3=Sun|first3=Kathie Y.|journal=Trends in Genetics|volume=29|issue=6|pages=375–82|pmid=23453621|pmc=3665610}}
+* {{cite journal | last1 = Moore | first1 = CeCe | year = 2016 | title = The History of Genetic Genealogy and Unknown Parentage Research: An Insider's View | journal = Journal of Genetic Genealogy | volume = 8 | issue = 1| pages = 35–37 }}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Nash |doi=10.1080/0950238042000181593|title=Genetic kinship|year=2004 |first1=Catherine|journal=Cultural Studies|volume=18|pages=1–33|s2cid=218547032}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Nelson |doi=10.1177/0306312708091929|title=Bio Science: Genetic Genealogy Testing and the Pursuit of African Ancestry|year=2008 |first1=A.|s2cid=7654852|journal=Social Studies of Science|volume=38|issue=5|pages=759–83|pmid=19227820}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Royal |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.03.011|title=Inferring Genetic Ancestry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Implications|year=2010 |first1=Charmaine D.|last2=Novembre|first2=John|last3=Fullerton|first3=Stephanie M.|last4=Goldstein|first4=David B.|last5=Long|first5=Jeffrey C.|last6=Bamshad|first6=Michael J.|last7=Clark|first7=Andrew G.|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|volume=86|issue=5|pages=661–673|pmid=20466090|pmc=2869013}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Sims |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0005792|title=Improved Resolution Haplogroup G Phylogeny in the Y Chromosome, Revealed by a Set of Newly Characterized SNPs|year=2009|editor1-last=Batzer|editor1-first=Mark A |first1=Lynn M.|last2=Garvey|first2=Dennis|last3=Ballantyne|first3=Jack|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=4|issue=6|pages=e5792|pmid=19495413|pmc=2686153|bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.5792S|doi-access=free}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Su |doi=10.1007/s12687-011-0048-y|title=Users' motivations to purchase direct-to-consumer genome-wide testing: An exploratory study of personal stories|year=2011 |first1=Yeyang|last2=Howard|first2=Heidi C.|last3=Borry|first3=Pascal|journal=Journal of Community Genetics|volume=2|issue=3|pages=135–46|pmid=22109820|pmc=3186033}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Tutton |doi=10.1080/1463677042000189606|title="They want to know where they came from": Population genetics, identity, and family genealogy|year=2004 |first1=Richard|s2cid=22737465|journal=New Genetics and Society|volume=23|pages=105–20|pmid=15470787|issue=1}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Van Oven |doi=10.1002/humu.20921|title=Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation|year=2009 |first1=Mannis|last2=Kayser|first2=Manfred|s2cid=27566749|journal=Human Mutation|volume=30|issue=2|pages=E386–94|pmid=18853457|doi-access=free}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Williams |doi=10.1007/s11013-005-7426-3|pmid=16249951|title=Genetic Genealogy: The Woodson Family's Experience|year=2005 |first1=Sloan R.|journal=Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry|volume=29|issue=2|pages=225–252|s2cid=24648033}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Wolinsky |doi=10.1038/sj.embor.7400843|title=Genetic genealogy goes global. Although useful in investigating ancestry, the application of genetics to traditional genealogy could be abused|year=2006 |first1=Howard|journal=EMBO Reports|volume=7|issue=11|pages=1072–4|pmid=17077861|pmc=1679782}}
+*{{cite journal |last1=Zabel |first1=Joseph |doi=10.15779/Z385D8NF71|title=The Killer Inside Us: Law, Ethics, and the Forensic Use of Family Genetics |journal=Berkeley Journal of Criminal Law |date=2019 |volume=24 |issue=2 |doi-broken-date=31 July 2022 |url=https://lawcat.berkeley.edu/record/1136717}}
+*{{cite journal|last1=Greytak |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.039
+|title=Genetic genealogy for cold case and active investigations
+|year=2019 |first1=Ellen M. |last2=Moore |first2=CeCe |last3=Armentrout |first3=Steven L. |journal=Forensic Science International |volume=299|pages=103–113|pmid=30991209|s2cid=109110359
+}}
+{{refend}}
 == Pranala luar ==