Kehamilan dari pemerkosaan: Perbedaan antara revisi
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[[Kehamilan]] adalah sebuah hasil potensial dari [[pemerkosaan]]. Kehamilan dari pemerkosaan telah [[kekerasan seksual masa perang|dikaji dalam konteks perang]], terutama [[pemerkosaan genosidal|sebagai alat untuk genosida]], serta konteks tak terkait lain, seperti pemerkosaan oleh orang asing, [[pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur]], [[incest]], dan [[kehamilan remaja]]. [[Konsensus saintifik]] terkini menyatakan bahwa pemerkosaan tidaklah lebih menimbulkan kehamilan ketimbang [[persetujuan seksual|hubungan seksual suka sama suku]], dengan beberapa kajian menyatakan bahwa pemerkosaan sebenarnya dapat menimbulkan tingkat kehamilan yang lebih tinggi ketimbang hubungan suka sama suka.<ref name=CNN22-08-2012>Dellorto, Danielle (22 August 2012). [http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/health/rape-pregnancy/index.html "Experts: Rape does not lower odds of pregnancy"]. [[CNN Health]].</ref><ref name=Reuters-20-08-2012>Begley, Sharon; Heavey, Susan (20 August 2012). [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-08-20/news/sns-rt-us-usa-politics-abortion-claimbre87j0xj-20120820_1_pregnancy-female-orgasm-claim "Rape trauma as barrier to pregnancy has no scientific basis"]. [[Reuters]].</ref><ref name=Gottschall03/> |
'''[[Kehamilan]]''' adalah sebuah hasil potensial dari '''[[pemerkosaan]]'''. Kehamilan dari pemerkosaan telah [[kekerasan seksual masa perang|dikaji dalam konteks perang]], terutama [[pemerkosaan genosidal|sebagai alat untuk genosida]], serta konteks tak terkait lain, seperti pemerkosaan oleh orang asing, [[pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur]], [[incest]], dan [[kehamilan remaja]]. [[Konsensus saintifik]] terkini menyatakan bahwa pemerkosaan tidaklah lebih menimbulkan kehamilan ketimbang [[persetujuan seksual|hubungan seksual suka sama suku]], dengan beberapa kajian menyatakan bahwa pemerkosaan sebenarnya dapat menimbulkan tingkat kehamilan yang lebih tinggi ketimbang hubungan suka sama suka.<ref name=CNN22-08-2012>Dellorto, Danielle (22 August 2012). [http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/21/health/rape-pregnancy/index.html "Experts: Rape does not lower odds of pregnancy"]. [[CNN Health]].</ref><ref name=Reuters-20-08-2012>Begley, Sharon; Heavey, Susan (20 August 2012). [http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-08-20/news/sns-rt-us-usa-politics-abortion-claimbre87j0xj-20120820_1_pregnancy-female-orgasm-claim "Rape trauma as barrier to pregnancy has no scientific basis"]. [[Reuters]].</ref><ref name=Gottschall03/> |
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== Referensi == |
== Referensi == |
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<ref name=Gottschall03>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s12110-003-1014-0 |pmid=26189986 |lay-url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0812/79895.html |laysource=Politico |laydate=21 August 2012 |title=Are per-incident rape-pregnancy rates higher than per-incident consensual pregnancy rates? |year=2003 |last1=Gottschall |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Gottschall |first2=Tiffani A. |journal=Human Nature |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=1–20}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Heggie12>[http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/people/heggie.html Vanessa Heggie] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730033729/http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/people/heggie.html |date=30 July 2012 }}, [https://www.theguardian.com/science/the-h-word/2012/aug/20/legitimate-rape-medieval-medical-concept 'Legitimate rape' – a medieval medical concept], ''The H Word'', hosted by [[The Guardian]] (20 August 2012). |
<!--<ref name=Heggie12>[http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/people/heggie.html Vanessa Heggie] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730033729/http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/people/heggie.html |date=30 July 2012 }}, [https://www.theguardian.com/science/the-h-word/2012/aug/20/legitimate-rape-medieval-medical-concept 'Legitimate rape' – a medieval medical concept], ''The H Word'', hosted by [[The Guardian]] (20 August 2012). |
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<ref name=Tucker-NYT-23-08-2012>Tucker, Jennifer. [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/opinion/the-medieval-roots-of-todd-akins-theories.html The Medieval Roots of Todd Akin’s Theories], ''The New York Times'' (23 August 2012). |
<ref name=Tucker-NYT-23-08-2012>Tucker, Jennifer. [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/opinion/the-medieval-roots-of-todd-akins-theories.html The Medieval Roots of Todd Akin’s Theories], ''The New York Times'' (23 August 2012). |
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Revisi per 8 Juli 2020 16.10
Kehamilan adalah sebuah hasil potensial dari pemerkosaan. Kehamilan dari pemerkosaan telah dikaji dalam konteks perang, terutama sebagai alat untuk genosida, serta konteks tak terkait lain, seperti pemerkosaan oleh orang asing, pemerkosaan anak di bawah umur, incest, dan kehamilan remaja. Konsensus saintifik terkini menyatakan bahwa pemerkosaan tidaklah lebih menimbulkan kehamilan ketimbang hubungan seksual suka sama suku, dengan beberapa kajian menyatakan bahwa pemerkosaan sebenarnya dapat menimbulkan tingkat kehamilan yang lebih tinggi ketimbang hubungan suka sama suka.[1][2][3]
Referensi
- ^ Dellorto, Danielle (22 August 2012). "Experts: Rape does not lower odds of pregnancy". CNN Health.
- ^ Begley, Sharon; Heavey, Susan (20 August 2012). "Rape trauma as barrier to pregnancy has no scientific basis". Reuters.
- ^ Gottschall, Jonathan A.; Gottschall, Tiffani A. (2003). "Are per-incident rape-pregnancy rates higher than per-incident consensual pregnancy rates?". Human Nature. 14 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1007/s12110-003-1014-0. PMID 26189986. Ringkasan – Politico (21 August 2012).
Daftar pustaka
- R. Charli Carpenter (25 June 2007). Born of War: Protecting Children of Sexual Violence Survivors in Conflict Zones. Kumarian Press. ISBN 978-1-56549-237-0. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2013.
- de Brouwer, Anne-Marie (20 October 2005). Supranational Criminal Prosecution of Sexual Violence: The ICC and the Practice of the ICTY and the ICTR. Intersentia nv. ISBN 978-90-5095-533-1. Diakses tanggal 31 January 2013.
- Hazelwood, Robert R.; Burgess, Ann Wolbert (2009). Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-6504-6. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2013.
- Jenkins, Jon L.; Braen, G. Richard (1 August 2004). Manual of Emergency Medicine, 5e. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-5035-6. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2013.
- Krug, Etienne G.; World Health Organization (2002). World Report on Violence and Health. World Health Organization. ISBN 978-92-4-154561-7. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2013.
- Price, Sally (2007). Mental Health in Pregnancy and Childbirth. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-443-10317-9. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2013.
- Smith, Merril D. (2004). Encyclopedia of Rape. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-32687-5. Diakses tanggal 29 January 2013.
Bacaan tambahan
- Beebe, DK (1991). "Emergency management of the adult female rape victim". American Family Physician. 43 (6): 2041–6. PMID 2042547.
- Campbell, R; Bybee, D (1997). "Emergency medical services for rape victims: Detecting the cracks in service delivery". Women's Health. 3 (2): 75–101. PMID 9332152.
- Krueger, Mary M. (1988). "Pregnancy as a result of rape". Journal of Sex Education & Therapy. 14 (1): 23–7. doi:10.1080/01614576.1988.11074920.
- Lathrop, Anthony (1998). "Pregnancy Resulting from Rape". Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing. 27 (1): 25–31. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02587.x. PMID 9475124.
- McFarlane, J. (2007). "Pregnancy Following Partner Rape: What We Know and What We Need to Know". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. 8 (2): 127–34. doi:10.1177/1524838007301222. PMID 17545570.
- Sutherland, Sandra; Scherl, Donald J. (2010). "Patterns of Response Among Victims of Rape". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 40 (3): 503–11. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1970.tb00708.x. PMID 5422298.