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[[Berkas:Ohrwurm a.jpg|jmpl|Poster "Pesta Cacing Telinga" di [[Friedrichshafen]].]]
[[Berkas:Ohrwurm a.jpg|jmpl|Poster "Pesta Cacing Telinga" di [[Friedrichshafen]].]]
'''''Ohrwurm''''' (secara harfiah berarti '''cacing telinga'''), kadang dikenal dengan nama '''cacing otak''',<ref name=Musicophilia /> '''musik lekat''', atau '''sindrom lagu tersangkut''',<ref name="theworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17105759|title=Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads|date=2012-03-07}}</ref> adalah sebuah karya musik [[kemenarikan|menarik]] yang terus terulang-ulang dalam pikiran seseorang setelah lagu tersebut tak lama diputar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/earworm|publisher=Oxford University Press|title=Oxford Dictionaries: "earworm"|accessdate=July 4, 2013}}</ref> Frase-frase yang dipakai untuk menyebut ''ohrwurm'' meliputi "pengulangan citraan musikal", "citraan musikal involuter", dan "sindrom lagu tersangkut".<ref name=Musicophilia>{{cite book|title=[[Musicophilia]]: Tales of Music and the Brain|first=Oliver|last=Sacks|authorlink=Oliver Sacks|year=2007|publisher=First Vintage Books|isbn=978-1-4000-3353-9|pages=41–48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Liikkanen | first1 = L. A. | title = Inducing involuntary musical imagery: An experimental study | doi = 10.1177/1029864912440770 | journal = Musicae Scientiae | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 217–234 | year = 2012 | url = http://www.helsinki.fi/~liikkane/2011-INMI-MusSci.pdf| pmid = | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 10)|location=Sapporo, Japan|url=http://i.org.helsinki.fi/lassial/files/publications/080904-Music_in_everymind_pdf.pdf|title=Music in Everymind: Commonality of Involuntary Musical Imagery|first=Lassi A.|last=Liikkanen|ISBN=978-4-9904208-0-2|year=2008|pages=408–412}}</ref> Kata ''{{Lang|de|[[Wikt:Ohrwurm|Ohrwurm]]}}'' berasal dari [[bahasa Jerman]].<ref>[http://www.wordspy.com/words/earworm.asp "earworm"], wordspy.com</ref> Penggunaan terawal yang diketahui dalam [[bahasa Inggris]] adalah dalam novel tahun 1978 [[Desmond Bagley]] ''[[Flyaway (novel)|Flyaway]]''.<ref>Desmond Bagley, ''[http://mreadz.com/new/index.php?id=12197&pages=41 Flyaway]'' (1978), p. 41: "I fell into a blind, mindless rhythm and a chant was created in my mind what the Germans call an 'earworm' something that goes round and round in your head and you can't get rid of it. One bloody foot before the next bloody foot."</ref>
'''''Ohrwurm''''' (secara harfiah berarti '''cacing telinga'''), kadang dikenal dengan nama '''cacing otak''',<ref name=Musicophilia /> '''musik lekat''', atau '''sindrom lagu tersangkut''',<ref name="theworld">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17105759|title=Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads|date=2012-03-07}}</ref> adalah sebuah karya musik [[kemenarikan|menarik]] yang terus terulang-ulang dalam pikiran seseorang meski lagu tersebut sudah tidak diputar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/earworm|publisher=Oxford University Press|title=Oxford Dictionaries: "earworm"|accessdate=July 4, 2013}}</ref>


== Etimologi ==
⚫
Para peneliti yang mempelajari dan menulis tentang fenomena tersebut meliputi [[Theodor Reik]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Reik|first=Theodor|year=1953|title=The Haunting Melody: Psychoanalytic Experiences in Life and Music|publisher=Grove Press |location=New York}}</ref> Sean Bennett,<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://www.seanbennett.net/music/essays.html|first=Sean|last=Bennett|title=Musical Imagery Repetition|publisher=Cambridge University|type=Master|date=August 30, 2002}}</ref> Oliver Sacks,<ref name=Musicophilia /> [[Daniel Levitin]],<ref name="Levitin">{{cite book|last=Levitin|first=Daniel|authorlink=Daniel Levitin|title=This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B3CEBJhhBQC&pg=PT111&lpg=PT111&dq=%22this+is+your+brain+on+music%22+levitin+ocd&source=bl&ots=w40PV4eN4B&sig=49dLKAkt-Z-GrClnypDP3Aa6agM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8iYhUM2FHaKC2AWvuYGYCQ&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22this%20is%20your%20brain%20on%20music%22%20levitin%20ocd&f=false|accessdate=August 7, 2012|year=2006|publisher=Dutton, Penguin|location=New York, New York|isbn=0452288525}}</ref> James Kellaris,<ref>{{cite journal|first=James J.|last=Kellaris|title=Identifying Properties of Tunes That Get 'Stuck in Your Head'|journal=Proceedings of the Society for Consumer Psychology|date=Winter 2001|location=Scottsdale, AZ|publisher=American Psychological Society|pages=66–67}}</ref> Philip Beaman,<ref name=beaman>{{Cite journal | last1 = Beaman | first1 = C. P. | last2 = Williams | first2 = T. I. | doi = 10.1348/000712609X479636 | title = Earworms (stuck song syndrome): Towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts | journal = British Journal of Psychology | volume = 101 | issue = 4 | pages = 637 | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> Vicky Williamson,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17105759|title=Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|date=6 March 2012|work=BBC News|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> dan, dalam sebuah sudut pandang yang lebih teoretikal, [[Peter Szendy]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Music/Philosophy/?view=usa&ci=9780823234387|first=Peter|last=Szendy|title=Hits. Philosophy in the Jukebox|others=translated by William Bishop|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2012}}</ref> Fenomena tersebut adalah hal umum dan tidak selalu sama dengan [[palinakousis]], sebuah kondisi medis langka yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan [[lobus temporalis]] pada otak yang mengakibatkan [[halusinasi auditori]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=David R.|last2=Fuchs|first2=Paul Paul Albert|last3=Rees|first3=Adrian|last4=Palmer|first4=Alan|last5=Plack|first5=Christopher J.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Auditory Brain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAHHJymFle8C&pg=PA535&lpg=PA535&dq=palinacousis+definition&source=bl&ots=mDbfUoBjxg&sig=xqpE2_HjLVf9sm14qq7JxJ3Ie5s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R7DTUa_nIuHsyQGc54HoDA&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=palinacousis%20definition&f=false|accessdate=July 3, 2013|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=535}}</ref>
Frase-frase yang dipakai untuk menyebut ''ohrwurm'' meliputi "pengulangan citraan musikal", "citraan musikal yang tidak disengaja", dan "sindrom lagu tersangkut".<ref name="Musicophilia">{{cite book|title=[[Musicophilia]]: Tales of Music and the Brain|first=Oliver|last=Sacks|authorlink=Oliver Sacks|year=2007|publisher=First Vintage Books|isbn=978-1-4000-3353-9|pages=41–48}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Liikkanen | first1 = L. A. | title = Inducing involuntary musical imagery: An experimental study | doi = 10.1177/1029864912440770 | journal = Musicae Scientiae | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 217–234 | year = 2012 | url = http://www.helsinki.fi/~liikkane/2011-INMI-MusSci.pdf| pmid = | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 10)|location=Sapporo, Japan|url=http://i.org.helsinki.fi/lassial/files/publications/080904-Music_in_everymind_pdf.pdf|title=Music in Everymind: Commonality of Involuntary Musical Imagery|first=Lassi A.|last=Liikkanen|ISBN=978-4-9904208-0-2|year=2008|pages=408–412}}</ref> Kata ''{{Lang|de|[[Wikt:Ohrwurm|Ohrwurm]]}}'' berasal dari [[bahasa Jerman]].<ref>[http://www.wordspy.com/words/earworm.asp "earworm"], wordspy.com</ref> Penggunaan terlawas dalam [[bahasa Inggris]] yang diketahui adalah pada novel tahun 1978 [[Desmond Bagley]] ''[[Flyaway (novel)|Flyaway]]''.<ref>Desmond Bagley, ''[http://mreadz.com/new/index.php?id=12197&pages=41 Flyaway]'' (1978), p. 41: "I fell into a blind, mindless rhythm and a chant was created in my mind what the Germans call an 'earworm' something that goes round and round in your head and you can't get rid of it. One bloody foot before the next bloody foot."</ref>

== Penyebab ==
Vicky Williamson dari [[Universitas London]] melakukan studi tidak terkontrol dan menemukan bahwa ''ohrwurm'' terjadi karena dipicu oleh pengalaman yang memicu ingatan suatu lagu ([[memori yang tidak disengaja]]) seperti melihat kata yang mengingatkan salah satu lagu, mendengarkan beberapa nada dari lagu, atau merasakan emosi yang dikaitkan dengan lagu tersebut. Lagu yang dipakai dalam studi tersebut pun tidak memiliki pola hubungan selain sama-sama populer.<ref name="theworld2">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-17105759|title=Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads|date=2012-03-07}}</ref>

Menurut penelitian oleh James Kellaris, 98% orang pernah mengalami ''ohrwurm''. Wanita dan pria sama-sama memiliki kemungkinan mengalami hal ini, tetapi cacing telinga cenderung bertahan lebih lama untuk wanita dan tentunya mereka merasa lebih jengkel.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2901/why-do-songs-get-stuck-in-your-head|work=The Straight Dope|title=Why do songs get stuck in your head?|date=October 16, 2009|first=Cecil|last=Adams|authorlink=Cecil Adams}}</ref> Kellaris membuat statistik yang menunjukkan bahwa 73,7% kasus ''ohrwurm'' disebabkan oleh lagu-lagu yang memiliki lirik, sedangkan musik instrumental yang menyebabkan ''ohrwurm'' hanya 7,7%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uc.edu/news/kellaris.htm|title=Songs That Cause The Brain To 'Itch': UC Professor Investigating Why Certain Tunes Get Stuck In Our Heads|last1=Hoffman|first1=Carey|date=2001-04-04|publisher=University of Cincinnati|accessdate=2012-08-06|quote=Of the 1,000 respondents, the kind of music respondents said they got stuck on most recently were songs with lyrics for 73.7 percent, jingles or ads for 18.6 percent and an instrumental tune for 7.7 percent.}}</ref>

[[British Journal of Psychology]] menyatakan bahwa ''ohrwurm'' biasanya berdurasi 15 hingga 30 detik dan lebih umum pada mereka yang suka dengan musik.<ref name="beaman2">{{Cite journal|last1=Beaman|first1=C. P.|last2=Williams|first2=T. I.|year=2010|title=Earworms (stuck song syndrome): Towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts|journal=British Journal of Psychology|volume=101|issue=4|pages=637|doi=10.1348/000712609X479636|pmc=|pmid=}}</ref>

== Pengobatan ==

* Memakan permen karet.<ref>[http://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR631000.aspx "Listen up – new research shows chewing gum could remove that stuck record in your head"], University of Reading, 22 April 2015</ref>
* Mengerjakan tugas yang memerlukan tenaga pikiran yang banyak.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/science-news/9950143/Get-that-tune-out-of-your-head-scientists-find-how-to-get-rid-of-earworms.html|title=Get that tune out of your head – scientists find how to get rid of earworms|last=Gray|first=Richard|date=24 March 2013|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|accessdate=25 March 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2298444/Got-song-stuck-head-Solving-anagram-help-rid-it.html Got a song stuck in your head? Solving an anagram can help get rid of it], Daily Mail, 24 March 2013</ref>
* Mencari lagu lainnya dan didengarkan sebagai "lagu obat".<ref>[https://www.themarysue.com/earworm-cure-songs/ "Science Identified 'Cure Songs' to Get Songs Unstuck From Your Brain, I Guess All Diseases Have Been Cured"] by Dan Van Winkle, ''[[The Mary Sue]]'', March 3, 2014</ref><ref>[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0086170 "Sticky Tunes: How Do People React to Involuntary Musical Imagery?"] by Victoria J. Williamson, Lassi A. Liikkanen, Kelly Jakubowski, Lauren Stewart, ''[[PLoS ONE]] 9(1), January 31, 2014, {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0086170}}''</ref>

== Penelitian ==
⚫
Para peneliti yang mempelajari dan menulis tentang fenomena tersebut meliputi [[Theodor Reik]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Reik|first=Theodor|year=1953|title=The Haunting Melody: Psychoanalytic Experiences in Life and Music|publisher=Grove Press |location=New York}}</ref> Sean Bennett,<ref>{{cite thesis|url=http://www.seanbennett.net/music/essays.html|first=Sean|last=Bennett|title=Musical Imagery Repetition|publisher=Cambridge University|type=Master|date=August 30, 2002}}</ref> Oliver Sacks,<ref name="Musicophilia" /> [[Daniel Levitin]],<ref name="Levitin">{{cite book|last=Levitin|first=Daniel|authorlink=Daniel Levitin|title=This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_B3CEBJhhBQC&pg=PT111&lpg=PT111&dq=%22this+is+your+brain+on+music%22+levitin+ocd&source=bl&ots=w40PV4eN4B&sig=49dLKAkt-Z-GrClnypDP3Aa6agM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8iYhUM2FHaKC2AWvuYGYCQ&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=%22this%20is%20your%20brain%20on%20music%22%20levitin%20ocd&f=false|accessdate=August 7, 2012|year=2006|publisher=Dutton, Penguin|location=New York, New York|isbn=0452288525}}</ref> James Kellaris,<ref>{{cite journal|first=James J.|last=Kellaris|title=Identifying Properties of Tunes That Get 'Stuck in Your Head'|journal=Proceedings of the Society for Consumer Psychology|date=Winter 2001|location=Scottsdale, AZ|publisher=American Psychological Society|pages=66–67}}</ref> Philip Beaman,<ref name="beaman">{{Cite journal | last1 = Beaman | first1 = C. P. | last2 = Williams | first2 = T. I. | doi = 10.1348/000712609X479636 | title = Earworms (stuck song syndrome): Towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts | journal = British Journal of Psychology | volume = 101 | issue = 4 | pages = 637 | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref> Vicky Williamson,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17105759|title=Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|date=6 March 2012|work=BBC News|accessdate=7 March 2012}}</ref> dan, dalam sudut pandang yang lebih teoretikal, [[Peter Szendy]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Music/Philosophy/?view=usa&ci=9780823234387|first=Peter|last=Szendy|title=Hits. Philosophy in the Jukebox|others=translated by William Bishop|publisher=Fordham University Press|year=2012}}</ref> Fenomena ''ohrwurm'' adalah hal yang lumrah dan tidak sama dengan [[palinakousis]], sebuah kondisi medis langka yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan [[lobus temporalis]] pada otak yang mengakibatkan [[halusinasi auditori]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=David R.|last2=Fuchs|first2=Paul Paul Albert|last3=Rees|first3=Adrian|last4=Palmer|first4=Alan|last5=Plack|first5=Christopher J.|title=The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Auditory Brain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BAHHJymFle8C&pg=PA535&lpg=PA535&dq=palinacousis+definition&source=bl&ots=mDbfUoBjxg&sig=xqpE2_HjLVf9sm14qq7JxJ3Ie5s&hl=en&sa=X&ei=R7DTUa_nIuHsyQGc54HoDA&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=palinacousis%20definition&f=false|accessdate=July 3, 2013|date=January 21, 2010|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=535}}</ref>


== Referensi ==
== Referensi ==

Revisi per 31 Mei 2019 14.03

Poster "Pesta Cacing Telinga" di Friedrichshafen.

Ohrwurm (secara harfiah berarti cacing telinga), kadang dikenal dengan nama cacing otak,[1] musik lekat, atau sindrom lagu tersangkut,[2] adalah sebuah karya musik menarik yang terus terulang-ulang dalam pikiran seseorang meski lagu tersebut sudah tidak diputar.[3]

Etimologi

Frase-frase yang dipakai untuk menyebut ohrwurm meliputi "pengulangan citraan musikal", "citraan musikal yang tidak disengaja", dan "sindrom lagu tersangkut".[1][4][5] Kata Ohrwurm berasal dari bahasa Jerman.[6] Penggunaan terlawas dalam bahasa Inggris yang diketahui adalah pada novel tahun 1978 Desmond Bagley Flyaway.[7]

Penyebab

Vicky Williamson dari Universitas London melakukan studi tidak terkontrol dan menemukan bahwa ohrwurm terjadi karena dipicu oleh pengalaman yang memicu ingatan suatu lagu (memori yang tidak disengaja) seperti melihat kata yang mengingatkan salah satu lagu, mendengarkan beberapa nada dari lagu, atau merasakan emosi yang dikaitkan dengan lagu tersebut. Lagu yang dipakai dalam studi tersebut pun tidak memiliki pola hubungan selain sama-sama populer.[8]

Menurut penelitian oleh James Kellaris, 98% orang pernah mengalami ohrwurm. Wanita dan pria sama-sama memiliki kemungkinan mengalami hal ini, tetapi cacing telinga cenderung bertahan lebih lama untuk wanita dan tentunya mereka merasa lebih jengkel.[9] Kellaris membuat statistik yang menunjukkan bahwa 73,7% kasus ohrwurm disebabkan oleh lagu-lagu yang memiliki lirik, sedangkan musik instrumental yang menyebabkan ohrwurm hanya 7,7%.[10]

British Journal of Psychology menyatakan bahwa ohrwurm biasanya berdurasi 15 hingga 30 detik dan lebih umum pada mereka yang suka dengan musik.[11]

Pengobatan

  • Memakan permen karet.[12]
  • Mengerjakan tugas yang memerlukan tenaga pikiran yang banyak.[13][14]
  • Mencari lagu lainnya dan didengarkan sebagai "lagu obat".[15][16]

Penelitian

Para peneliti yang mempelajari dan menulis tentang fenomena tersebut meliputi Theodor Reik,[17] Sean Bennett,[18] Oliver Sacks,[1] Daniel Levitin,[19] James Kellaris,[20] Philip Beaman,[21] Vicky Williamson,[22] dan, dalam sudut pandang yang lebih teoretikal, Peter Szendy.[23] Fenomena ohrwurm adalah hal yang lumrah dan tidak sama dengan palinakousis, sebuah kondisi medis langka yang disebabkan oleh kerusakan lobus temporalis pada otak yang mengakibatkan halusinasi auditori.[24]

Referensi

  1. ^ a b c Sacks, Oliver (2007). Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain. First Vintage Books. hlm. 41–48. ISBN 978-1-4000-3353-9. 
  2. ^ "Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads". 2012-03-07. 
  3. ^ "Oxford Dictionaries: "earworm"". Oxford University Press. Diakses tanggal July 4, 2013. 
  4. ^ Liikkanen, L. A. (2012). "Inducing involuntary musical imagery: An experimental study" (PDF). Musicae Scientiae. 16 (2): 217–234. doi:10.1177/1029864912440770. 
  5. ^ Liikkanen, Lassi A. (2008). "Music in Everymind: Commonality of Involuntary Musical Imagery" (PDF). Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition (ICMPC 10). Sapporo, Japan: 408–412. ISBN 978-4-9904208-0-2. 
  6. ^ "earworm", wordspy.com
  7. ^ Desmond Bagley, Flyaway (1978), p. 41: "I fell into a blind, mindless rhythm and a chant was created in my mind what the Germans call an 'earworm' something that goes round and round in your head and you can't get rid of it. One bloody foot before the next bloody foot."
  8. ^ "Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads". 2012-03-07. 
  9. ^ Adams, Cecil (October 16, 2009), "Why do songs get stuck in your head?", The Straight Dope 
  10. ^ Hoffman, Carey (2001-04-04). "Songs That Cause The Brain To 'Itch': UC Professor Investigating Why Certain Tunes Get Stuck In Our Heads". University of Cincinnati. Diakses tanggal 2012-08-06. Of the 1,000 respondents, the kind of music respondents said they got stuck on most recently were songs with lyrics for 73.7 percent, jingles or ads for 18.6 percent and an instrumental tune for 7.7 percent. 
  11. ^ Beaman, C. P.; Williams, T. I. (2010). "Earworms (stuck song syndrome): Towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts". British Journal of Psychology. 101 (4): 637. doi:10.1348/000712609X479636. 
  12. ^ "Listen up – new research shows chewing gum could remove that stuck record in your head", University of Reading, 22 April 2015
  13. ^ Gray, Richard (24 March 2013). "Get that tune out of your head – scientists find how to get rid of earworms". The Daily Telegraph. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2013. 
  14. ^ Got a song stuck in your head? Solving an anagram can help get rid of it, Daily Mail, 24 March 2013
  15. ^ "Science Identified 'Cure Songs' to Get Songs Unstuck From Your Brain, I Guess All Diseases Have Been Cured" by Dan Van Winkle, The Mary Sue, March 3, 2014
  16. ^ "Sticky Tunes: How Do People React to Involuntary Musical Imagery?" by Victoria J. Williamson, Lassi A. Liikkanen, Kelly Jakubowski, Lauren Stewart, PLoS ONE 9(1), January 31, 2014, DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0086170
  17. ^ Reik, Theodor (1953). The Haunting Melody: Psychoanalytic Experiences in Life and Music. New York: Grove Press. 
  18. ^ Bennett, Sean (August 30, 2002). Musical Imagery Repetition (Tesis Master). Cambridge University. http://www.seanbennett.net/music/essays.html. 
  19. ^ Levitin, Daniel (2006). This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession. New York, New York: Dutton, Penguin. ISBN 0452288525. Diakses tanggal August 7, 2012. 
  20. ^ Kellaris, James J. (Winter 2001). "Identifying Properties of Tunes That Get 'Stuck in Your Head'". Proceedings of the Society for Consumer Psychology. Scottsdale, AZ: American Psychological Society: 66–67. 
  21. ^ Beaman, C. P.; Williams, T. I. (2010). "Earworms (stuck song syndrome): Towards a natural history of intrusive thoughts". British Journal of Psychology. 101 (4): 637. doi:10.1348/000712609X479636. 
  22. ^ Chatterjee, Rhitu (6 March 2012). "Earworms: Why songs get stuck in our heads". BBC News. Diakses tanggal 7 March 2012. 
  23. ^ Szendy, Peter (2012). Hits. Philosophy in the Jukebox. translated by William Bishop. Fordham University Press. 
  24. ^ Moore, David R.; Fuchs, Paul Paul Albert; Rees, Adrian; Palmer, Alan; Plack, Christopher J. (January 21, 2010). The Oxford Handbook of Auditory Science: The Auditory Brain. Oxford University Press. hlm. 535. Diakses tanggal July 3, 2013. 

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