Bahasa Tionghoa Baku: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
←Membuat halaman berisi '{{pp-semi-indef}} {{Infobox language | name = Mandarin Standar | nativename = 普通話 / 普通话 ''Pǔtōnghuà''<br>國語 / 国语 ''Guóyǔ''<br>華語 /...' |
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Revisi per 20 Juni 2017 14.06
| Bahasa Mandarin Standar
普通話 / 普通话 Pǔtōnghuà 國語 / 国语 Guóyǔ 華語 / 华语 Huáyǔ Modern Standard Mandarin | |||||||||
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| Dituturkan di | China, Taiwan, Singapore | ||||||||
Penutur | (has begun acquiring native speakers per 1988, 2014)[1][2] L2 speakers: 7% of China (2014)[3][4] Rincian data penutur Jumlah penutur beserta (jika ada) metode pengambilan, jenis, tanggal, dan tempat.[5]
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| Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Mainland Chinese Braille Taiwanese Braille Two-Cell Chinese Braille | |||||||||
| Wenfa Shouyu[6] | |||||||||
| Status resmi | |||||||||
Bahasa resmi di |  China (as Putonghua) Taiwan (as Guoyu) Singapore (as Huayu) Hong Kong (de facto) Macau (de facto) United NationsShanghai Cooperation Organisation  Myanmar (Wa State) | ||||||||
| Diatur oleh | National Language Regulating Committee (China)[7] National Languages Committee (Taiwan) Promote Mandarin Council (Singapore) Chinese Language Standardisation Council (Malaysia) | ||||||||
| Kode bahasa | |||||||||
| ISO 639-3 | – | ||||||||
| ISO 639-6 | goyu (Guoyu) | ||||||||
| Glottolog | Tidak ada | ||||||||
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Artikel ini mengandung simbol fonetik IPA. Tanpa bantuan render yang baik, Anda akan melihat tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain, bukan karakter Unicode. Untuk pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA.
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 Portal Bahasa | |||||||||
| Nama umum di Tiongkok | |||||||||||
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| Hanzi tradisional: | 普通話 | ||||||||||
| Hanzi sederhana: | 普通话 | ||||||||||
| Makna harfiah: | Bahasa umum | ||||||||||
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| Nama umum di Taiwan | |||||||||||
| Hanzi tradisional: | 國語 | ||||||||||
| Hanzi sederhana: | 国语 | ||||||||||
| Makna literal: | Bahasa nasional | ||||||||||
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Bahasa Mandarin Standar, juga dikenal sebagai Bahasa Mandarin Standar Modern, Bahasa Tionghoa Standar, atau Mandarin saja, adalah suatu varietas bahasa Tionghoa standar yang merupakan satu-satunya bahasa resmi di Tiongkok dan Taiwan, dan juga salah satu dari empat bahasa resmi di Singapura. Pengucapannya berdasarkan dialek Beijing, kosa katanya berdasarkan dialek Mandarin, dan tata bahasanya berdasarkan bahasa Tionghoa vernakular.
Referensi
- ^ Norman (1988), hlm. 251.
- ^ Liang (2014), hlm. 45.
- ^ Luo, Chris (22 September 2014). "One-third of Chinese do not speak Putonghua, says Education Ministry". South China Morning Post.
- ^ Only 7% of people in China speak proper Putonghua: PRC MOE, Language Log, 2014 Sept. 24
- ^ Ethnologue (dalam bahasa Inggris) (edisi ke-25, 19), Dallas: SIL International, ISSN 1946-9675, OCLC 43349556, Wikidata Q14790
- ^ 台灣手語簡介 (Taiwan) (2009)
- ^ http://www.china-language.gov.cn/ (Chinese)
Kutipan karya
- Bradley, David (1992), "Chinese as a pluricentric language", dalam Clyne, Michael G., Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations, Walter de Gruyter, hlm. 305–324, ISBN 978-3-11-012855-0.
- Chen, Ping (1999), Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-64572-0.
- Coblin, W. South (2000), "A brief history of Mandarin", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 120 (4): 537–552, doi:10.2307/606615, JSTOR 606615.
- Duanmu, San (2007), The phonology of standard Chinese (edisi ke-2nd), Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-921579-9.
- Li, Charles N.; Thompson, Sandra A. (1981), Mandarin Chinese: A functional reference grammar, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-06610-6.
- Liang, Sihua (2014), Language Attitudes and Identities in Multilingual China: A Linguistic Ethnography, Springer International, ISBN 978-3-319-12618-0.
- Norman, Jerry (1988), Chinese, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29653-3.
- Ramsey, S. Robert (1987), The languages of China, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
- Chao, Yuen Ren (1968). A Grammar of Spoken Chinese (edisi ke-2nd). University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-00219-7.
- Hsia, T., China's Language Reforms, Far Eastern Publications, Yale University, (New Haven), 1956.
- Ladefoged, Peter; & Maddieson, Ian. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 (hbk); ISBN 0-631-19815-6 (pbk).
- Ladefoged, Peter; Wu, Zhongji (1984). "Places of articulation: An investigation of Pekingese fricatives and affricates". Journal of Phonetics. 12: 267–278.
- Lehmann, W.P. (ed.), Language & Linguistics in the People's Republic of China, University of Texas Press, (Austin), 1975.
- Lin, Y., Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1972.
- Milsky, C., "New Developments in Language Reform", The China Quarterly, No.53, (January–March 1973), pp. 98–133.
- Seybolt, P.J. & Chiang, G.K. (eds.), Language Reform in China: Documents and Commentary, M.E. Sharpe, (White Plains), 1979. ISBN 978-0-87332-081-8.
- Simon, W., A Beginners' Chinese-English Dictionary Of The National Language (Gwoyeu): Fourth Revised Edition, Lund Humphries, (London), 1975.