Bluberi

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Bluberi (disambiguasi).

Blueberry
Vaccinium corymbosum
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Plantae
Divisi:	Magnoliophyta
Kelas:	Magnoliopsida
Ordo:	Ericales
Famili:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Vaccinium
Section:	Cyanococcus Rydb.
Spesies
Lihat teks.

Blueberry adalah tanaman berbunga dalam genus Vaccinium, bagian Cyanococcus. Spesies ini tumbuh di Amerika Utara. Berupa semak yang ukurannya mulai 10 cm hingga 4 m; spesies terkecil dikenal sebagai "bluberry semak rendah" (sama dengan "liar"), dan spesies terbesar adalah "blueberry semak tinggi". Daunnya berganti atau hijau sepanjang tahun, ovate hingga lanceolate, dan mulai 1-8 cm panjangnya dan lebar 0.5-3.5 cm. Bunganya berbentuk bel, putih, merah atau merah muda pucat, kadang-kadang kehijau-hijauan.

Asal

Semua spesies yang nama umum Inggrisnya meliputi "blueberry" dikelompokkan dalam bagian Cyanococcus dari genus Vaccinium. Beberapa tanaman lain dari genus Vaccinium juga memproduksi beri biru yang kadang-kadang mirip dengan blueberry, terutama bilberry Eropa (Vaccinium myrtillus), yang dalam banyak bahasa memiliki nama yang berarti "blueberry" dalam bahasa Inggris.

Meskipun bluberry adalah tumbuhan asli di Amerika Utara, mereka juga tumbuh di Belahan Selatan di Australia, Selandia Baru dan negara-negara Amerika Selatan, dan dikirim melalui udara sebagai produk segar untuk pasar-pasar di seluruh dunia.

Spesies

Vaccinium angustifolium (Blueberry Semak Rendah) Vaccinium boreale (Blueberry Utara) Vaccinium caesariense (Blueberry New Jersey) Vaccinium corymbosum (Blueberry Semak Tinggi Utara) Vaccinium darrowii (Blueberry Semak Tinggi Selatan) Vaccinium elliottii (Blueberry Elliott) Vaccinium formosum (Blueberry Selatan)

Vaccinium fuscatum (Blueberry Semak Tinggi Hitam; sin. V. atrococcum) Vaccinium hirsutum (Blueberry Berbulu) Vaccinium myrtilloides (Blueberry Kanada) Vaccinium pallidum (Blueberry Tanah Gersang) Vaccinium simulatum (Blueberry Semak Tinggi Dataran Tinggi) Vaccinium tenellum (Blueberry Selatan) Vaccinium virgatum (Blueberry Mata Kelinci; sin. V. ashei)

Beberapa spesies berbuah biru Vaccinium:

• Vaccinium koreanum
• Vaccinium myrsinites (Blueberry Daun Hijau)

Blueberrry Liar pada musim gugur. Pilot Mtn., NC. 10-30-2008.

Rujukan

• BNZ, n.d: Blueberries New Zealand Inc at the site of the organization of the same name, accessed August 24, 2006.
• Clayton-Greene, K.: Web page titled "The Blueberry Industry in Australia: An Overview" a summary of an article at the Web site for the International Society for Horticultural Science. The article appears to have been written in the 1990s, accessed August 24, 2006.
• Gain, 2005: "USDA Foreign Agricultural Service: GAIN Report: Global Agriculture Information Network"[1], January 12, 2005, accessed August 24, 2006
• Gaskell, Mark. "Strategies for Off-Season Blueberry Production on Coastal California Small Farms," an article[2] in "Central Coast Agriculture Highlights" a newsletter published by the University of California Cooperative Extension, February 2006 issue, page 2, accessed August 24, 2006.
• Nauman, W.D. Web page[3] titled "Overview of the Vaccinium Industry in Western Europe," a summary of an article by W.D. Naumann presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture and published in July 1993, from the Web site of the International Society for Horticultural Science, accessed August 24, 2006.
• San Jose, n.d.: San Jose Farms, "Products: Blueberries", accessed August 24, 2006
• Matchett MD, MacKinnon SL, Sweeney MI, Gottschall-Pass KT, Hurta RA (2005). "Blueberry flavonoids inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity in DU145 human prostate cancer cells". Biochem Cell Biol. 83 (5): 637–43. doi:10.1139/o05-063. PMID 16234852.  Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• University of California Cooperative Extension (2006). Strategies for Off-Season Blueberry Production on Coastal California Small Farms (pdf file) an article by Mark Gaskell in Central Coast Agriculture Highlights newsletter. Accessed August 24 2006.
• Joseph JA, Shukitt-Hale B, Denisova NA; et al. (1999). "Reversals of age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction, cognitive, and motor behavioral deficits with blueberry, spinach, or strawberry dietary supplementation". J Neurosci. 19 (18): 8114–21. PMID 10479711.  Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link)
• Sumner, Judith (2004). American Household Botany: A History of Useful Plants, 1620-1900. Timber Press. hlm. 125. ISBN 0-88192-652-3.  Google books link
• Wild blueberry culture in Maine (FAO)
• "The Blueberry Bulletin" newsletter (New Jersey)

Lihat pula

• Elizabeth Coleman White, pakar pertanian New Jersey yang menjadi orang pertama yang mengkomersialkan blueberry.

Pranala luar

• Nova Scotia Wild Blueberry Producers Association
• US Highbush Blueberry Council
• Michigan Blueberry Growers Association
• British Columbia Blueberry Council
• Florida Blueberry Growers Association
• Australian Blueberry Growers Association
• Blueberries New Zealand Inc.