Willelmus Tyrensis

Willelmus Tyrensis

William dari Tyre (bahasa Latin: Willelmus Tyrensis; c. 1130 – 29 September 1186) adalah seorang prelatus dan pembuat kronik Abad Pertengahan. Sebagai uskup agung Tyre, ia terkadang disebut sebagai William II untuk membedakannya dari pendahulunya, William I, orang Inggris.

Sumber

Primer

• William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. Columbia University Press, 1943.

Sekunder

• John Carl Andressohn, The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon. Indiana University Publications, Social Science Series 5, 1947.
• Susan M. Babbitt, "William of Tyre." Dictionary of the Middle Ages, ed. Joseph Strayer. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989, vol. 12.
• Marshall W. Baldwin, "The Decline and Fall of Jerusalem, 1174–1189." A History of the Crusades (gen. ed. Kenneth M. Setton), vol. 1: The First Hundred Years (ed. Marshall W. Baldwin). University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
• Malcolm Barber, The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press, 1993.
• Frederic Duncalf, "The First Crusade: Clermont to Constantinople." A History of the Crusades (gen. ed. Kenneth M. Setton), vol. 1: The First Hundred Years (ed. Marshall W. Baldwin). University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
• Peter W. Edbury and John G. Rowe, "William of Tyre and the Patriarchal election of 1180." The English Historical Review 93 (1978), repr. Kingdoms of the Crusaders: From Jerusalem to Cyprus (Aldershot: Ashgate, Variorum Collected Series Studies, 1999), pp. 1–25.
• Peter W. Edbury and John G. Rowe, William of Tyre: Historian of the Latin East. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
• Peter W. Edbury, "Propaganda and faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the background to Hattin." Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, ed. Maya Shatzmiller (Leiden: Brill, 1993), repr. in Kingdoms of the Crusaders: From Jerusalem to Cyprus (Aldershot: Ashgate, Variorum Collected Series Studies, 1999), pp. 173–189.
• Bernard Hamilton, The Leper King and his Heirs. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
• Charles Homer Haskins, The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century. Harvard University Press, 1927; repr. Meridian Books, 1966.
• R. B. C. Huygens, "Guillaume de Tyr étudiant: un chapître (XIX, 12) de son Histoire retrouvé." Latomus 21 (1962), pp. 811–829. (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• R. B. C. Huygens, "Editing William of Tyre." Sacris Erudiri 27 (1984), pp. 461–473.
• G. A. Loud and J. W. Cox, "The 'Lost' Autobiographical Chapter of William of Tyre's Chronicle (Book XIX.12)." The Crusades: An Encyclopedia, ed. Alan V. Murray (ABC-Clio, 2006), vol. 4, Appendix: Texts and Documents #4, pp. 1305–1308.
• Hans E. Mayer, The Crusades, 2nd ed., trans. John Gillingham. Oxford University Press, 1988.
• Alan V. Murray, "William of Tyre and the origin of the Turks: on the sources of the Gesta Orientalium Principum," in Dei gesta Per Francos: Études sur les crioisades dédiées à Jean Richard/Crusade Studies in Honour of Jean Richard, edd. Michel Balard, Benjamin Z. Kedar and Jonathan Riley-Smith (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001), pp. 217–229.
• Alan V. Murray, "William of Tyre." The Crusades: An Encyclopedia, ed. Alan V. Murray (ABC-Clio, 2006), vol. 4.
• Helen J. Nicholson, "William of Tyre." Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, ed. Kelly Boyd. Taylor & Francis, 1999, vol. 2.
• Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, volume 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge University Press, 1951.
• Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades, volume 2: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East. Cambridge University Press, 1952.
• R. C. Schwinges, "William of Tyre, the Muslim enemy, and the problem of tolerance." Tolerance and Intolerance. Social Conflict in the Age of the Crusades, ed. Michael Gervers and James M. Powell, Syracuse University Press, 2001.
• Christopher Tyerman, The Invention of the Crusades. University of Toronto Press, 1998.
• Christopher Tyerman, God's War: A New History of the Crusades. Penguin, 2006.
• Jacques Verger, "The birth of the universities". A History of the University in Europe, vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages, ed. Hilde de Ridder-Symoens. Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 47–55.
• D. W. T. C. Vessey, "William of Tyre and the art of historiography." Mediaeval Studies 35 (1973), pp. 433–455.

Bacaan tambahan

Sumber primer

• Willemi Tyrensis Archiepiscopi Chronicon, ed. R. B. C. Huygens. 2 vols. Corpus Christianorum Continuatio Medievalis, vols. 63 & 63a. Turnholt: Brepols, 1986. Latin text with introduction and notes in French.
• L'Estoire d'Eracles empereur et la conqueste de la terre d'Outremer, in Recueil des historiens des croisades, Historiens occidentaux, vols. I-II (1844, 1859). (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• J. A. Giles, trans. Roger of Wendover's Flowers of History. London, 1849.
• La Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, ed. Louis de Mas Latrie. Paris, 1871. (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• Guillaume de Tyr et ses continuateurs, ed. Alexis Paulin Paris. Paris, 1879–1880. (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• Margaret Ruth Morgan, La continuation de Guillaume de Tyr (1184–1197). Paris, 1982. (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• Helen J. Nicholson, ed. The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum and the Gesta Regis Ricardi. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997.
• Janet Shirley, Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with part of the Eracles or Acre text. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

Sumber sekunder

• Thomas Asbridge, The First Crusade: A New History. Oxford University Press, 2004.
• R. H. C. Davis, "William of Tyre." Relations Between East and West in the Middle Ages, ed. Derek Baker (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1973), pp. 64–76.
• Peter W. Edbury, "The French translation of William of Tyre's Historia: the manuscript tradition." Crusades 6 (2007).
• Bernard Hamilton, "William of Tyre and the Byzantine Empire." Porphyrogenita: Essays on the History and Literature of Byzantium and the Latin East in Honour of Julian Chrysostomides, eds. Charalambos Dendrinos, Jonathan Harris, Eirene Harvalia-Crook, and Judith Herrin (Ashgate, 2003).
• Philip Handyside, The Old French William of Tyre. Brill, 2015.
• Rudolf Hiestand, "Zum Leben und Laufbahn Wilhelms von Tyrus." Deutsches Archiv 34 (1978), pp. 345–380. (dalam bahasa Jerman)
• Conor Kostick, "William of Tyre, Livy and the Vocabulary of Class." Journal of the History of Ideas 65.3 (2004), 352-367.
• Hans E. Mayer, "Guillaume de Tyr à l'école." Mémoires de l'Académie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon 117 (1985–86), repr. Kings and Lords in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Aldershot: Ashgate, Variorum Collected Studies Series, 1994), pp. 257–265. (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• Hans E. Mayer, "Zum Tode Wilhelms von Tyrus." Archiv für Diplomatik 5–6 (1959–1960), pp. 182–201. (dalam bahasa Jerman)
• Margaret Ruth Morgan, The Chronicle of Ernoul and the Continuations of William of Tyre. Oxford University Press, 1973.
• Hans Prutz, "Studien über Wilhelm von Tyrus." Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde 8 (1883), pp. 91–132. (dalam bahasa Jerman)

Pranala luar

• Excerpts from the Historia from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
• Fiasco at Damascus 1148 from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
• Latin version from the Patrologia Latina, via The Latin Library (dalam bahasa Latin)
• Latin version from Crusades-Encyclopedia.com (dalam bahasa Latin)
• Latin version with concordance from Intertext.com (dalam bahasa Latin)
• Old French translation and continuation from Internet Medieval Sourcebook (dalam bahasa Prancis)
• English translation by E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey, from ACLS Humanities E-Books (login required)