Tertulus

Dalam Alkitab, Tertulus (sebuah modifikasi dari "Tertius") adalah seorang ahli hukum, yang dimajukan oleh kaum Yahudi untuk mengadukan aduan mereka terhadap Paulus kepada Feliks (Kis 24:1–9).

Ia melaporkan aduan terhadap para rasul "Mula-mula, bahwa ia menciptakan ganggungan di kalangan orang Romawi di seluruh kekaisaran, sebuah serangan terhadap pemerintahan Romawi (crimen majestatis). Kedua, bahwa ia adalah pemimpin sekte Nasrani; mengganggu Yahudi atas keberadaan agama mereka, yang dilindungi oleh negara; memperkenalkan para ilah baru, sebuah hal yang dilarang oleh Romawi. Dan ketiga, bahwa ia berniat untuk menodai Bait Allah, sebuah kejahatan yang perlu dihukum oleh Yahudi."

Tertulus umumnya dianggap sebagai Yahudi Helenistik,^[1] meskipun ia berasal dari bangsa kafir.^[2] Tak jelas apakah pengadilan tersebut dilakukan dalam bahasa Latin atau Yunani.^[3]

Saat menghadap Antonius Feliks, Tertulus menjadi orang pertama yang tercatat memakai kata jamak "Nasrani" (bentuk jamak dari Iesous ho Nazoraios "Yesus dari Nazareth") untuk menyebut umat Kristen, meskipun pemakaian istilah "Kristen" kemudian dipakai di Antiokhia, dan oleh Herodes Agripa II dalam pengadilan Paulus berikutnya di hadapan Perkius Festus.^[4] Pemakaian Tertulus terhadap istilah Yunani Nazoraioi selaras dengan istilah Ibrani Notzrim yang ditemukan dalam kesusastraan rabbinikal pada masa berikutnya.^[5] Tertulus mungkin tak memakai istilah Antiokhia Christianoi (Ibrani: Meshiykhiyyim משיחיים) karena Christianoi berasal dari kata Yunani Christos (artinya "Orang yang Diurapi", "Mesias") karena dapat membuat Tertulus dianggap mengakui Yesus dari Nazareth sebagai "Orang yang Diurapi" atau "Mesias."^[6]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ The MacArthur Bible Commentary John F. MacArthur, Jr., John MacArthur - 2005 "Tertullus. Possibly a Roman, but more likely a Hellenistic Jew (cf. v. 6)."
^ Acts p213 Paul W. Walaskay - 1998 "Not only that, they have hired an attorney, Tertullus, well-versed in Jewish and Roman law, to present their case against Paul. Tertullus appears to have been either a Hellenistic Jew (his Greek is impeccable) or a Gentile; "
^ Ben Witherington The Acts of the Apostles: a socio-rhetorical commentary 1998 p704 "Normally one would expect the trial to be undertaken in Latin, which might militate against Tertullus being a Jew, unless he was from the Diaspora. It is not impossible, however, that the trial, or at least the speeches, was in Greek"
^ The Routledge companion to the Christian church p13 ed. Gerard Mannion, Lewis Seymour Mudge - 2008 "Acts is also one of the two books in the New Testament that call the early community 'Christians' (Christianoi). ... is used once in Acts in the mouth of Tertullus, the advocate who accused Paul before Felix in Acts 24."
^ Martinus de Boer p252 in Tolerance and intolerance in early Judaism and Christianity ed. Graham Stanton, Guy G. Stroumsa
^ Arthur Powell Davies The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls 1956 "The second mention of Christianoi in the New Testament is also in the book of Acts (xxvi, 28). King Herod Agrippa says to Paul, "Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christianos." Agrippa probably meant it in derision. .. He was himself a king in Israel, an "Anointed One," and therefore quite literally a "Christos" of the existing order."

Artikel ini menggunakan sebagian teks dari Kamus Alkitab Easton, sebuah buku ranah publik, aslinya diterbitkan pada 1897.

[1] The MacArthur Bible Commentary John F. MacArthur, Jr., John MacArthur - 2005 "Tertullus. Possibly a Roman, but more likely a Hellenistic Jew (cf. v. 6)."

[2] Acts p213 Paul W. Walaskay - 1998 "Not only that, they have hired an attorney, Tertullus, well-versed in Jewish and Roman law, to present their case against Paul. Tertullus appears to have been either a Hellenistic Jew (his Greek is impeccable) or a Gentile; "

[3] Ben Witherington The Acts of the Apostles: a socio-rhetorical commentary 1998 p704 "Normally one would expect the trial to be undertaken in Latin, which might militate against Tertullus being a Jew, unless he was from the Diaspora. It is not impossible, however, that the trial, or at least the speeches, was in Greek"

[4] The Routledge companion to the Christian church p13 ed. Gerard Mannion, Lewis Seymour Mudge - 2008 "Acts is also one of the two books in the New Testament that call the early community 'Christians' (Christianoi). ... is used once in Acts in the mouth of Tertullus, the advocate who accused Paul before Felix in Acts 24."

[5] Martinus de Boer p252 in Tolerance and intolerance in early Judaism and Christianity ed. Graham Stanton, Guy G. Stroumsa

[6] Arthur Powell Davies The meaning of the Dead Sea scrolls 1956 "The second mention of Christianoi in the New Testament is also in the book of Acts (xxvi, 28). King Herod Agrippa says to Paul, "Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christianos." Agrippa probably meant it in derision. .. He was himself a king in Israel, an "Anointed One," and therefore quite literally a "Christos" of the existing order."

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]