Subkultur gotik
Goth adalah subkultur yang dimulai di Britania Raya pada awal 1980-an. Subkultur ini dikembangkan oleh penggemar gothic rock, cabang dari genre musik post-punk. Artis post-punk yang mengantisipasi genre gothic rock dan membantu mengembangkan serta membentuk subkultur ini meliputi Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus, The Cure dan Joy Division.
Subkultur goth telah bertahan lebih lama daripada subkultur lain di era yang sama, dan terus berkembang dan menyebar ke seluruh dunia. Citra dan kecenderungan budayanya menunjukkan pengaruh dari fiksi Gotik abad ke-19 dan dari film horor. Adegan ini berpusat pada festival musik, klub malam, dan pertemuan terorganisasi, terutama di Eropa Barat. Subkultur ini memiliki selera yang terkait dengan musik, estetika, dan mode.
Musik yang disukai oleh kaum goth mencakup sejumlah gaya seperti rock gothic, death rock, cold wave, dark wave dan ethereal wave.[1] Gaya busana Gotik mendapat pengaruh dari gaya mode punk, new wave, dan new romantic.[2] dan gaya berpakaian periode sebelumnya seperti era Victoria, Mode Edwardian dan Belle Époque. Gaya ini paling sering meliputi pakaian gelap (biasanya hitam pekat), riasan gelap, dan rambut hitam.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kutipan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ↑ Nym, Alexander: Schillerndes Dunkel. Geschichte, Entwicklung und Themen der Gothic-Szene, Plöttner Verlag 2010, ISBN 3-862-11006-0, pp. 145–169
- ↑ Farin, Klaus; Wallraff, Kirsten; Archiv der Jugendkulturen e.V., Berlin (1999). Die Gothics: Interviews, Fotografien (Edisi Orig.-Ausg.). Bad Tölz: Tilsner. hlm. 23. ISBN 9783933773098.
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (2007). "Introduction". Dalam Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (ed.). Goth: Undead Subculture. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. hlm. 1–37. ISBN 978-0-8223-8970-5.
- Grunenberg, Christoph (1997). "Unsolved Mysteries: Gothic Tales from Frankenstein to the Hair Eating Doll". Gothic: Transmutations of Horror in Late-Twentieth-Century Art. Boston: Mit Press. ISBN 978-0-262-57128-9.
- Hannaham, James (1997). "Bela Lugosi's Dead and I Don't Feel So Good Either: Goth and the Glorification of Suffering in Rock Music". Gothic: Transmutations of Horror in Late-Twentieth-Century Art. Boston: Mit Press. ISBN 978-0-262-57128-9.
- Jones, Timothy (2015). The Gothic and the Gothic Carnivalesque in American Culture. Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press. ISBN 978-1-78316-230-7. JSTOR j.ctt17w8hdq.
- Kilpatrick, Nancy (2004). Goth Bible: A Compendium for the Darkly Inclined. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-30696-0.
- Koszarski, Richard (1994). An Evening's Entertainment: The Age of the Silent Feature Picture, 1915–1928. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08535-0.
- Ladouceur, Liisa (2011). Encyclopedia Gothica. Illustrated by Pullin, Gary. Toronto: ECW Press.
- Mellins, Maria (2013). Vampire Culture. London: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-4725-0385-5.
- Reynolds, Simon (2005). Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-21569-0.
- Richter, David H. (1987). "Gothic Fantasia: The Monsters and The Myths: A Review-Article". The Eighteenth Century. 28 (2): 149–170. ISSN 0193-5380. JSTOR 41467717.
- Robb, John (2023). The Art of Darkness : The History Of Goth. Louder Than War Books. ISBN 978-1-914424-86-1
- Siegel, Carol (2007). "That Obscure Object of Desire Revisited: Poppy Z. Brite and the Goth Hero as Masochist". Dalam Goodlad, Lauren M. E.; Bibby, Michael (ed.). Goth: Undead Subculture. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. hlm. 335–356. ISBN 978-0-8223-8970-5.
- Spuybroek, Lars (2011). The Sympathy of Things: Ruskin and the Ecology of Design. Rotterdam, Netherlands: V2_Publishing. ISBN 978-90-5662-827-7.
- Steele, Valerie; Park, Jennifer (21 Oktober 2008). Gothic: Dark Glamour (dalam bahasa Inggris). Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300136944.
- Sudworth, Anne (2007). Gothic Fantasies: The Paintings of Anne Sudworth. London: AAPPL Artists' and Photographers' Press. ISBN 978-1-904332-56-5.
- Unsworth, Cathi (2023). Season of the Witch: The Book of Goth. Nine Eight Books. ISBN 978-1788706247
- Wilkins, Amy C. (2004). "'So Full of Myself as a Chick': Goth Women, Sexual Independence, and Gender Egalitarianism" (PDF). Gender & Society. 8 (3): 328–349. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.413.9162. doi:10.1177/0891243204264421. ISSN 0891-2432. JSTOR 4149405. S2CID 11244993. Diarsipkan (PDF) dari versi aslinya tanggal 16 Juli 2016.
- Young, Robert; Sweeting, Helen; West, Patrick (2006). "Prevalence of Deliberate Self Harm and Attempted Suicide within Contemporary Goth Youth Subculture: Longitudinal Cohort Study". BMJ. 332 (7549): 1058–1061. doi:10.1136/bmj.38790.495544.7C. ISSN 1756-1833. PMC 1458563. PMID 16613936.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Baddeley, Gavin (2002). Goth Chic: A Connoisseur's Guide to Dark Culture. Plexus. ISBN 978-0-85965-308-4.
- Brill, Dunja (2008). Goth Culture: Gender, Sexuality and Style. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
- Catalyst, Clint (2000). Cottonmouth Kisses. San Francisco, California: Manic D Press. ISBN 978-0-916397-65-4.
A first-person account of an individual's life within the Goth subculture. - Davenport-Hines, Richard (1999). Gothic: Four Hundred Years of Excess, Horror, Evil and Ruin. New York: North Port Press. ISBN 978-0-86547-590-8.
A chronological/aesthetic history of Goth covering the spectrum from Gothic architecture to the Cure. - Digitalis, Raven (2007). Goth Craft: The Magickal Side of Dark Culture. Woodbury, Minnesota: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 978-0-7387-1104-1.
Includes a lengthy explanation of Gothic history, music, fashion, and proposes a link between mystic/magical spirituality and dark subcultures. - Fuentes Rodríguez, César (2007). Mundo Gótico (dalam bahasa Spanyol). Quarentena Ediciones. ISBN 978-84-933891-6-1.
Covering literature, music, cinema, BDSM, fashion, and subculture topics. - Hodkinson, Paul (2002). Goth: Identity, Style and Subculture. Oxford: Berg Publishers. ISBN 978-1-85973-600-5.
- ⸻ (2005). "Communicating Goth: On-line Media". Dalam Gelder, Ken (ed.). The Subcultures Reader (Edisi 2nd). London: Routledge. hlm. 567–574. ISBN 978-0-415-34416-6.
- Mercer, Mick (1996). Hex Files: The Goth Bible. London: Batsford. ISBN 978-0-7134-8033-7.
An international survey of the Goth scene. - ⸻ (2002). 21st Century Goth. London: Reynolds & Hearn. ISBN 978-1-903111-28-4.
An exploration of the modern state of the Goth subculture worldwide. - Scharf, Natasha (2011). Worldwide Gothic: A Chronicle of a Tribe. Church Stretton, England: Independent Music Press. ISBN 978-1-906191-19-1.
A global view of the goth scene from its birth in the late 1970s to the present day. - Siegel, Carol (2005). Goth's Dark Empire. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253217769.
Explores connections between the Goth subculture and sexual identity, transgression, and alternative expressions of desire. - Vas, Abdul (2012). For Those About to Power. Madrid: T.F. Editores. ISBN 978-84-15253-52-5.
- Venters, Jillian (2009). Gothic Charm School: An Essential Guide for Goths and Those Who Love Them. Illustrated by Venters, Pete. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-166916-3.
An etiquette guide to "gently persuade others in her chosen subculture that being a polite Goth is much, much more subversive than just wearing T-shirts with "edgy" sayings on them". - Voltaire (2004). What is Goth?. Boston: Weiser Books. ISBN 978-1-57863-322-7.
An illustrated view of the goth subculture.
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