Status Quo (Yerusalem dan Betlehem)
Status Quo adalah sebuah kepentingan dari sejumlah komunitas agama terhadap sembilan situs keagamaan di Yerusalem dan Betlehem.[1] Tempat-tempat suci lain di Israel dan Palestina tak dijadikan subyek Status Quo karena otoritas satu agama atau satu komunitas dalam sebuah agama diakui atau berlaku.[2]
Status quo tersebut timbul dari sebuah firman (dekrit) sultan Utsmaniyah Osman III pada 1757[3] yang mengatur hak kepemilikan dan tanggung jawab berbagai tempat suci Kristen. Firman-firman tambahan yang dikeluarkan pada 1852 dan 1853 mendorong agar tak ada perubahan yang dilakukan tanpa kesepakatan dari seluruh enam komunitas Kristen.[a][4][5] Pemberlakuan sebenarnya dari Status Quo tak pernah resmi diberlakukan, namun ringkasan tahun 1929 yang dicetuskan oleh L. G. A. Cust, The Status Quo in the Holy Places, menjadi teks standar terhadap persoalan tersebut.[6]
Situs[sunting | sunting sumber]
Menurut Komisi Konsiliasi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, Status Quo diterapkan kepada sembilan situs di Yerusalem dan Betlehem,[1] yang dibagi oleh Cust dalam tiga kategori:
Diperebutkan antar aliran Kristen[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Gereja Makam Kudus dan dependensinya, Yerusalem
- Deir es-Sultan, di bagian puncak Gereja Makam Kudus, Yerusalem
- Makam Bunda Maria, Yerusalem
- Gereja Kelahiran, Betlehem
- Kapel Gua Susu, Betlehem (tak ada catatan)[7]
- Kapel Ladang Gembala, Betlehem (tak ada catatan)[7]
Diperebutkan antar aliran Kristen dan Islam[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Kapel Kenaikan, Yerusalem
Diperebutkan antar aliran Yahudi dan Islam[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Tembok Barat, Yerusalem[6]
- Makam Rahel, Betlehem[6]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan kaki
Kutipan
- ^ a b UN Conciliation Commission 1949, hlm. 7.
- ^ UN Conciliation Commission 1949, hlm. 7a: "As for example the Cenacle which, though a Christian Holy Place, has been in Moslem hands since the middle of the 16th century. The position that Christians do not in effect enjoy the right to hold services there is uncontested."
- ^ Dumper, Michael; Stanley, Bruce E., ed. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. hlm. 209. ISBN 9781576079195.
- ^ Morio, Eva Maurer. "What does Status Quo stand for?". Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 13 June 2018. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2019.
- ^ Lancaster, James E. (2015). "The Church and the Ladder: Frozen in Time". CoastDaylight.com. Diakses tanggal 16 April 2019.
- ^ a b c Breger, Marshall J.; Reiter, Yitzhak; Hammer, Leonard (16 December 2009). Holy Places in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Confrontation and Co-existence. Routledge. hlm. 24. ISBN 978-1-135-26812-1.
- ^ a b Cust 1929: "The Grotto of the Milk and the Shepherd's Field near Bethlehem are also in general subject to the Status Quo, but in this connexion there is nothing on record concerning these two sites."
Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]
- UN Conciliation Commission (1949). United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine Working Paper on the Holy Places.
- Cust, L. G. A. (1929). The Status Quo in the Holy Places. H.M.S.O. for the High Commissioner of the Government of Palestine.
- Marlen Eordegian (2003), "British and Israeli Maintenance of the Status Quo in the Holy Places of Christendom", International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 35, No. 2 (May, 2003), pp. 307–328
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- L. G. A. Cust's 1929 summary of the Status Quo history and regulations, with plans and photos Diarsipkan 2021-02-01 di Wayback Machine.
- Custody of the Holy Land, Status Quo – a short overview
- Aviva and Shmuel Bar-Am, "1,000 years of rivalry – and a little bit of harmony – at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher", in Times of Israel, 7 September 2012