Schutzmannschaft
| Schutzmannschaft | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Aktif | Didirikan pada Juli 1941 oleh Heinrich Himmler |
| Negara | Eropa Timur yang diduduki Jerman |
| Aliansi | Ordnungspolizei |
| Tipe unit | Polisi auksilier |
| Jumlah personel | 300,000 |
Schutzmannschaft atau Kepolisian Auksilier (artinya: "satuan protektif atau penjaga"; jamak: Schutzmannschaften,[1] disingkat Schuma) adalah kepolisian kolaborasionis yang berasal dari kalangan penduduk asli di kawasan-kawasan Eropa Timur yang diduduki oleh Jerman Nazi pada Perang Dunia II. Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler mendirikan Schutzmannschaft pada 25 Juli 1941 dan satuan ini tunduk kepada Ordnungspolizei.[2] Pada akhir 1941, sekitar 45,000 pasukan bertugas dalam unit-unit Schutzmannschaft, sekitar setengah dari mereka berada dalam batalion-batalion.[3]
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Brandon, Ray; Lower, Wendy (2008). The Shoah in Ukraine: history, testimony, memorialization. Indiana University Press. hlm. 268. ISBN 0253350840.
Some sources attempt to translate Schutzmann and Schutzmannschaft literally. The word is merely an old-fashioned German word for police, which the Order Police apparently adopted to distinguish the indigenous police from the German police in its various manifestations (Gendarmerie, Security Police, etc.).
- ^ Schiessl (2009), hlm. 39
- ^ Breitman (1990)
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Abbott, Peter (1983). Partisan Warfare 1941-45. Men-at-arms. 142. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9780850455137.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Arad, Yitzhak (2009). The Holocaust in the Soviet Union. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803222700.
- Breitman, Richard (1990). "Himmler's Police Auxiliaries in the Occupied Soviet Territories". Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual (7). ISSN 0741-8450.
- Browning, Christopher R. (2002). "Ordinary Germans or Ordinary Men? A Reply to the Critics". Dalam Berenbaum, Michael; Peck, Abraham J. The Holocaust and History: The Known, the Unknown, the Disputed, and the Reexamined. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253215291.
- Bubnys, Arūnas (1998), Vokiečių okupuota Lietuva (1941–1944) (dalam bahasa Lithuanian), Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras, ISBN 9986-757-12-6
- Bubnys, Arūnas (2000), Lithuanian Police Battalions and the Holocaust (1941–1943) (PDF), The International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania, diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2011-07-22, diakses tanggal 2018-01-29
- Dean, Martin (2003). Collaboration in the Holocaust: Crimes of the Local Police in Belorussia and Ukraine, 1941-44. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403963710.
- Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah (2007). Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307426239.
- Mollo, Andrew (1992). Uniforms of the SS. 5. London: Windrow & Greene. ISBN 9781872004624.
- Niewiński, Jan (2005). Stosunki polsko-ukraińskie: "Głos Kresowian". Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego. ISBN 8360093105.
- Niglas, Aivar; Hiio, Toomas (2006). "Ranks of Defence Battalion soldiers, non-commissioned officers and officers" (PDF). Estonia 1940-1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity. Talinn: Estonian Institute of Historical Memory. ISBN 9949-13-040-9. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2016-03-05. Diakses tanggal 2018-01-29.
- Schiessl, Christoph (2009). The Search for Nazi Collaborators in the United States (Tesis Ph.D.). ProQuest. ISBN 9781109090079. https://books.google.ca/books?id=kYaZYgEACAAJ.
- Stankeras, Pertas (2008). Lietuvių policija Antrajame pasauliniame kare (dalam bahasa Lithuanian). Mintis. ISBN 978-5-417-00958-7.