Resiniferatoksin

Resiniferatoksin
Penanda
Nomor CAS	57444-62-9 ;
3DMet	{{{3DMet}}}
ChEMBL	ChEMBL448382 ;
ChemSpider	21106474 ;
Nomor EC
MeSH	resiniferatoxin
PubChem CID	104826;
Nomor RTECS	{{{value}}}
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00894764 ;
	InChI Key: DSDNAKHZNJAGHN-YTRLEMBBSA-N ;
Sifat
Rumus kimia	C37H40O9
Massa molar	628,71 g/mol
Densitas	1,35 ± 0,1 g/cm³
Kelarutan dalam air	Tidak larut
	Kecuali dinyatakan lain, data di atas berlaku pada suhu dan tekanan standar (25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verifikasi (apa ini ?)
	Referensi

Resiniferatoksin (RTX) adalah senyawa yang ditemukan secara alami pada Euphorbia resinifera, tumbuhan seperti kaktus yang dapat ditemui di Maroko, dan Euphorbia poissonii, yang berasal dari Nigeria utara.^[1] Zat ini merupakan analog ultrapoten dari kapsaisin, zat aktif pada cabai.^[2] Dalam skala Scoville yang mengukur kepedasan, resiniferatoksin tercatat berskala 16 miliar, sementara kapsaisin murni berskala 16 juta.^[3]

Resiniferatoksin mengaktifkan reseptor vaniloid dalam neuron sensoris aferen yang menyebabkan nosisepsi (transmisi rasa sakit).^[4]^[5] RTX mengakibatkan kanal ion dalam membran plasma neuron sensoris - TRPV1 - menjadi dapat ditembus kation, terutama kation kalsium; akibatnya, muncul rasa iritan yang kuat, yang kemudian diikuti oleh desensitisasi dan analgesia.^[6]^[7]

Penelitian yang dilakukan di National Institutes of Health^[8]^[9] dan Universitas Pennsylvania^[10] merancang kelompok analgesik baru dari senyawa ini.

Toksisitas[sunting | sunting sumber]

Substansi ini beracun dan dapat mengakibatkan luka bakar kimia. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan kepada hewan, menelan 40g atau lebih RTX membahayakan kesehatan dan bahkan dapat menyebabkan kematian.^[11]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Euphorbia poissonii di BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
^ *Christopher S. J. Walpole; et al. (1996). "Similarities and Differences in the Structure-Activity Relationships of Capsaicin and Resiniferatoxin Analogues". J. Med. Chem. 39 (15): 2939–2952. doi:10.1021/jm960139d. PMID 8709128.
^ Ellsworth, P.; Gordon, D.A. (2005). One Hundred Questions and Answers about Overactive Bladder and Urinary Incontinence. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. hlm. 58.
^ Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1989). "Resiniferatoxin, a phorbol-related diterpene, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the irritant constituent in red pepper". Neuroscience. 30 (2): 515–520. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90269-8. PMID 2747924.
^ Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1990). "Resiniferatoxin and its analogs provide novel insights into the pharmacology of the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor". Life Sci. 47 (16): 1399–1408. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90518-V.
^ Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1992). "Vanilloid receptor loss in rat sensory ganglia associated with long term desensitization to resiniferatoxin". Neurosci Lett. 140 (1): 51–54. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(92)90679-2. PMID 1407700.
^ Olah Z; et al. (2001). "Ligand-induced dynamic membrane changes and cell deletion conferred by vanilloid receptor 1". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (14): 11021–11030. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008392200. PMID 11124944.
^ Neubert JK; et al. (2003). "Peripherally induced resiniferatoxin analgesia". Pain. 109 (1–2): 219–28. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00009-5. PMID 12855332.
^ Karai L; et al. (2004). "Deletion of vanilloid receptor 1_expressing primary afferent neurons for pain control". J Clin Invest. 113 (9): 1344–1352. doi:10.1172/JCI20449. PMC 398431 . PMID 15124026.
^ Brown DC; et al. (2005). "Physiologic and antinociceptive effects of intrathecal resiniferatoxin in a canine bone cancer model". Anesthesiology. 103 (5): 1052–1059. doi:10.1097/00000542-200511000-00020. PMID 16249680.
^ Material Safety Data Sheet for resiniferatoxin, 2009

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Fiery pepper may hold key to easing pain

[BoDD-1] Euphorbia poissonii di BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database

[2] *Christopher S. J. Walpole; et al. (1996). "Similarities and Differences in the Structure-Activity Relationships of Capsaicin and Resiniferatoxin Analogues". J. Med. Chem. 39 (15): 2939–2952. doi:10.1021/jm960139d. PMID 8709128.

[3] Ellsworth, P.; Gordon, D.A. (2005). One Hundred Questions and Answers about Overactive Bladder and Urinary Incontinence. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. hlm. 58.

[4] Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1989). "Resiniferatoxin, a phorbol-related diterpene, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the irritant constituent in red pepper". Neuroscience. 30 (2): 515–520. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90269-8. PMID 2747924.

[5] Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1990). "Resiniferatoxin and its analogs provide novel insights into the pharmacology of the vanilloid (capsaicin) receptor". Life Sci. 47 (16): 1399–1408. doi:10.1016/0024-3205(90)90518-V.

[6] Szallasi A, Blumberg PM (1992). "Vanilloid receptor loss in rat sensory ganglia associated with long term desensitization to resiniferatoxin". Neurosci Lett. 140 (1): 51–54. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(92)90679-2. PMID 1407700.

[7] Olah Z; et al. (2001). "Ligand-induced dynamic membrane changes and cell deletion conferred by vanilloid receptor 1". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (14): 11021–11030. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008392200. PMID 11124944.

[8] Neubert JK; et al. (2003). "Peripherally induced resiniferatoxin analgesia". Pain. 109 (1–2): 219–28. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(03)00009-5. PMID 12855332.

[9] Karai L; et al. (2004). "Deletion of vanilloid receptor 1_expressing primary afferent neurons for pain control". J Clin Invest. 113 (9): 1344–1352. doi:10.1172/JCI20449. PMC 398431 . PMID 15124026.

[10] Brown DC; et al. (2005). "Physiologic and antinociceptive effects of intrathecal resiniferatoxin in a canine bone cancer model". Anesthesiology. 103 (5): 1052–1059. doi:10.1097/00000542-200511000-00020. PMID 16249680.

[11] Material Safety Data Sheet for resiniferatoxin, 2009

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