Qiang (bangsa historis)

Qiang
羌
	Gambar utusan Dengzhi, sebuah kelompok etnis Qiang, abad ke-6 Masehi
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
	Tiongkok Kuno

Qiang (Hanzi: 羌; Pinyin: Qiāng; Wade–Giles: Ch'iang) adalah sebuah nama yang diberikan kepada berbagai kelompok suku pada periode berbeda di Tiongkok kuno. Bangsa Qiang umumnya dianggap berdarah Tibeto-Burma,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] meskipun terdapat teori lainnya.

Suku Tangut dari zaman dinasti Tang, dinasti Song dan dinasti yuan berasal dari keturunan Qiang.^[1] Suku Qiang modern serta suku Tibet juga sebagian diturunkan dari Qiang kuno.^[6]

Catatan kaki

1 2 Edwin G. Pulleyblank (1983). "Chapter 14 - The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times". Dalam David Keightley (ed.). The Origins of Chinese Civilization. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04229-8.
↑ UNESCO (1996-12-31). History of Humanity: From the Seventh Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D. (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-102812-0.
↑ Chen, Sanping (2012-04-17). Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0628-9.
↑ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2010-01-25). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-12433-1.
↑ Cosmo, Nicola Di; Wyatt, Don J. (2005-08-16). Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries and Human Geographies in Chinese History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79095-0.
↑ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama South-West China

Referensi

Cosmo, Nicola Di (2002), Ancient China and Its Enemies, Cambridge University Press
Cosmo, Nicola di (2009), Military Culture in Imperial China, Harvard University Press
Crespigny, Rafe de (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms, Brill
Crespigny, Rafe de (2010), Imperial Warlord, Brill
Crespigny, Rafe de (2017), Fire Over Luoyang: A History of the Later Han Dynasty, 23-220 AD, Brill
LaPolla, Randy (2003), A Grammar of Qiang, Mouton Gruyter
Kang, Xiaofei (2016), Contesting the Yellow Dragon
Twitchett, Denis (1994), "The Liao", The Cambridge History of China, Volume 6, Alien Regime and Border States, 907-1368, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, hlm. 43–153, ISBN 0521243319
Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China: Volume 1, Cambridge University Press
Wen, Maotao (2014). The Creation of the Qiang Ethnicity, its Relation to the Rme People and the Preservation of Rme Language (Master thesis). Duke University.
Wagner, Donald B. (2008), Science and Civilization in China Volume 5-11: Ferrous Metallurgy, Cambridge University Press
West, Barbara A. (2009), Encyclopedia of Peoples of Asia and Oceania, Facts on File
Whiting, Marvin C. (2002), Imperial Chinese Military History, Writers Club Press

[pulleyblank-1] 1 2 Edwin G. Pulleyblank (1983). "Chapter 14 - The Chinese and Their Neighbors in Prehistoric and Early Historic Times". Dalam David Keightley (ed.). The Origins of Chinese Civilization. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04229-8.

[2] UNESCO (1996-12-31). History of Humanity: From the Seventh Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D. (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-102812-0.

[3] Chen, Sanping (2012-04-17). Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages (dalam bahasa Inggris). University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-0628-9.

[4] Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2010-01-25). The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-12433-1.

[5] Cosmo, Nicola Di; Wyatt, Don J. (2005-08-16). Political Frontiers, Ethnic Boundaries and Human Geographies in Chinese History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79095-0.

[South-West_China-6] Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama South-West China

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