Pembuangan umat Katolik Mangalore di Seringapatam
Pembuangan umat Katolik Mangalore di Seringapatam (1784–1799) adalah penahanan umat Katolik Mangalore dan penganut Kristen lainnya selama 15 tahun di wilayah Canara oleh Tipu Sultan, penguasa de facto Kerajaan Mysore.[1] Perkiraan jumlah orang yang dibuang adalah dari 30,000 sampai 80,000 namun umumnya menyebut angka 60,000, seperti yang disebutkan oleh Tipu dalam Sultan-ul-Tawarikh.[2] Pembuangan tersebut adalah masa paling menyedihkan dalam sejarah komunitas tersebut.[3] Penyebabnya dipersengketakan, meskipun kebanyakan sejarawan menyatakan bahwa peristiwa tersebut terjadi karena alasan politik ketimbang alasan agama, dengan tuduhan persekongkolan antara umat Katolik Mangalore dan Inggris pada masa Perang Inggris-Mysore II (1780–1784).
Komunitas Katolik Mangalore di Mangalore berkembang pada masa rezim ayah Tipu, Hyder Ali. Setelah Tipu mewarisi wilayah tersebut Januari 1784, ia mengeluarkan perintah untuk menangkap para penganut Kristen di Canara, merampas tempat tinggal mereka, dan mengusir mereka ke Seringapatam. Perintah tersebut ia keluarkan pada 24 Februari 1784. Dua puluh ribu penganut Kristen tewas pada saat perjalanan dari Mangalore ke Seringapatam. Pada masa pembuangan tersebut, mereka mengalami penderitaan, penyiksaan, pembunuhan, dan penganiayaan sementara beberapa penganut Kristen dipaksa berpindah ke agama Islam. Peristiwa tersebut baru berakhir ketika Tipu dibunuh oleh Inggris saat Pertempuran Seringapatam pada 4 Mei 1799, saat Perang Inggris-Mysore Keempat. Dari 60,000–80,000 penganut Kristen yang ditangkap, hanya 15,000–20,000 orang yang bertahan hidup dan masih memegang kepercayaan asli mereka. Peristiwa tersebut memiliki dampak yang mendalam pada Sastra Katolik Mangalore.[4] Peringatan dua ratus tahun pembebasan penganut Kristen dari penangkapan tersebut dirayakan di wilayah tersebut pada 4 Mei 1999.
Kutipan[sunting | sunting sumber]
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Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Accounts of the Captivity from Various Sources by Lúcio Mascarenhas
- The Babylonian Captivity At Seringapatnam by Lúcio Mascarenhas
- Christian Missionaries under Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan Diarsipkan 2011-07-21 di Wayback Machine., on Vidyanidhi Digital Library
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- Tipu Sultan: Coming to terms with the past by M. V. Kamath, The News Today