Patikulamanasikara

Terjemahan dari
Patikulamanasikara
Terjemahan dari; Patikulamanasikara
Pali	Paṭikkūlamanasikāra
Tionghoa	不淨觀 ; (Pinyin: Bù jìng guān)
Jepang	不浄観 ; (rōmaji: Fujōkan)
Vietnam	Quán bất tịnh, Niệm 32 thể trược
Sinhala	පටික්කූලමනසිකාරය, පිළිකුල් භාවනාව ; (Patikulamanasikaraya, Pilikul Bhavanava)
	Daftar Istilah Buddhis lihat; bicara; sunting;

Paṭik(k)ūlamanasikāra^[1] adalah istilah Pāli yang umumnya diterjemahkan sebagai "refleksi pada kejijikan". Ini mengacu pada meditasi Buddhis tradisional di mana tiga puluh satu bagian tubuh direnungkan dalam berbagai cara. Selain mengembangkan sati (perhatian) dan samādhi (konsentrasi), bentuk meditasi ini dianggap kondusif untuk mengatasi keinginan dan nafsu. Bersamaan dengan perenungan kuburan, jenis meditasi ini adalah salah satu dari dua meditasi tentang "yang busuk" atau "tidak menarik" (Pāli: asubha).^[2]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ The Sinhalese SLTP Tipitaka and Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-5), p. 393, spell this term paṭikkūlamanasikāra (with two k's) while the Burmese CSCD tipitaka and VRI (1996), p. 10, spell it paṭikūlamanasikāra (with one k).
^ Nānamoli (1998), p. 110, n. 16, which references the Anapanasati Sutta and the Visuddhimagga, Ch. VI, VIII. "The foul" is Nānamoli's translation for asubha. Anālayo (2017), p. 46, translates asubha as "unattractive": "... besides speaking of the body as impure [Pali: asuci], the early Buddhist discourses at times use an alternative qualification of the body as 'unattractive', asubha, when introducing the standard description of its anatomical parts." Anālayo's associated footnote cites, for example, AN 10.60. Anālayo further contextualizes this by underscoring that Early Buddhist texts refer to the body in negative, neutral and positive ways (e.g., as a means for embodying virtue, as the vehicle for contemplative joy).

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Anālayo (2017), Early Buddhist Meditation Studies. Barre, MA: Barre Center for Buddhist Studies. ISBN 978-1540410504.
Bodhi, Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000). The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Pubs. ISBN 0-86171-331-1.
Bodhi, Bhikkhu (Fall 2002). Climbing to the Top of the Mountain: An Interview with Bhikkhu Bodhi, Insight Journal, Vol. 19. Barre, MA: Barre Center for Buddhist Studies. Also available on-line at https://www.buddhistinquiry.org/article/climbing-to-the-top-of-the-mountain/.
Buddhaghosa, Bhadantācariya (trans. from Pāli by Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli) (1999). The Path of Purification: Visuddhimagga. Seattle, WA: BPS Pariyatti Editions. ISBN 1-928706-00-2.
Goenka, S.N. (n.d.). Discourses on Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta: Condensed from the discourses during a course in Mahā-satipaṭṭhāna Sutta. Available on-line at http://www.vri.dhamma.org/publications/webversion/english/dstp.html Diarsipkan 2008-10-10 di Wayback Machine.. The section dealing specifically with patikulamanasikara is at http://www.vri.dhamma.org/publications/webversion/english/dstp.html#15 Diarsipkan 2008-10-10 di Wayback Machine..
Hamilton, Sue (2001). Identity and Experience: The Constitution of the Human Being according to Early Buddhism. Oxford: Luzac Oriental. ISBN 1-898942-23-4.
Nanamoli, Bhikkhu (trans.) (1998). Mindfulness of Breathing (Anapanasati): Buddhist Texts from the Pali Canon and Extracts from the Pali Commentaries. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 955-24-0167-4.
Nyanasatta Thera (1994). Satipatthana Sutta: The Foundations of Mindfulness (MN 10). Retrieved 2008-02-02 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.010.nysa.html.
Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999a). Girimananda Sutta: Discourse to Girimananda Thera (AN 10.60). Retrieved 2008-02-02 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an10/an10.060.piya.html.
Piyadassi Thera (trans.) (1999b). Khuddakapatha Suttas (Selections) (Khp 1-6,9). Retrieved from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/khp/khp.1-9x.piya.html.
Rhys Davids, T.W. & William Stede (eds.) (1921-5). The Pali Text Society's Pali-English Dictionary (PED). London: Pali Text Society. A general on-line search engine for the PED is available at http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/pali/.
Soma Thera (2003) (6th reprint). The Way of Mindfulness. Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 978-955-24-0256-2. A 1998 edition is available on-line from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/soma/wayof.html.
Sri Lanka Tripitaka Project (SLTP) (n.d.). Anuttariyavaggo (AN 6.21 - 6.30). Retrieved 2008-02-01 from "MettaNet-Lanka" at http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara4/6-chakkanipata/003-anuttariyavaggo-p.html. The Udāyi Sutta (AN 6.29) is identified in this section as "6. 1. 3. 9".
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1994). Khuddakapatha Suttas (Complete) (Khp 1-9). Retrieved from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/khp/khp.1-9.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1996). Vijaya Sutta: Victory (Sn 1.11). Retrieved 2008-03-23 from "Access to Insight" (1997) at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/snp/snp.1.11.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997a). Dhatu-vibhanga Sutta: An Analysis of the Properties (MN 140). Retrieved 2008-02-02 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.140.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997b). Iddhipada-vibhanga Sutta: Analysis of the Bases of Power (SN 51.20). Retrieved 2008-02-02 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn51/sn51.020.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (1997c). Kayagata-sati Sutta: Mindfulness Immersed in the Body (MN 119). Retrieved from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.119.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2000). Maha-satipatthana Sutta: The Great Frames of Reference (DN 22). Retrieved from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.22.0.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2003). Maha-hatthipadopama Sutta: The Great Elephant Footprint Simile (MN 28). Retrieved 2008-02-02 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.028.than.html.
Thanissaro Bhikkhu (trans.) (2006). Maha-Rahulovada Sutta: The Greater Exhortation to Rahula (MN 62). Retrieved 2008-02-02 from "Access to Insight" at http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/mn/mn.062.than.html.
Vipassana Research Institute (VRI) (1996). Mahasatipatthana Sutta: The Great Discourse on the Establishing of Awareness. Seattle, WA: Vipassana Research Publications of America. ISBN 0-9649484-0-0.
Walshe, Maurice (trans.) (1995). The Long Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Digha Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Pubs. ISBN 0-86171-103-3.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

"The Section of Reflection on Repulsiveness" Diarsipkan 2016-03-10 di Wayback Machine., from: Soma Thera (trans.) (undated). The Commentary to the Discourse on the Arousing of Mindfulness with Marginal Notes. Available on-line at http://www.abhidhamma.org/SomaTheraTheCommentary.htm.
MEDITATION ON THE THIRTY-TWO PARTS OF THE BODY by Dhamma Viro

[1] The Sinhalese SLTP Tipitaka and Rhys Davids & Stede (1921-5), p. 393, spell this term paṭikkūlamanasikāra (with two k's) while the Burmese CSCD tipitaka and VRI (1996), p. 10, spell it paṭikūlamanasikāra (with one k).

[2] Nānamoli (1998), p. 110, n. 16, which references the Anapanasati Sutta and the Visuddhimagga, Ch. VI, VIII. "The foul" is Nānamoli's translation for asubha. Anālayo (2017), p. 46, translates asubha as "unattractive": "... besides speaking of the body as impure [Pali: asuci], the early Buddhist discourses at times use an alternative qualification of the body as 'unattractive', asubha, when introducing the standard description of its anatomical parts." Anālayo's associated footnote cites, for example, AN 10.60. Anālayo further contextualizes this by underscoring that Early Buddhist texts refer to the body in negative, neutral and positive ways (e.g., as a means for embodying virtue, as the vehicle for contemplative joy).

[1]

[2]