Partai Nasionalis Sosial Suriah
Partai Nasionalis Sosial Suriah الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي Parti social nationaliste syrien (PSNS) | |
|---|---|
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| Sekretaris Jenderal | Ali Qanso (Lebanon) Ali Haidar (Suriah) |
| Pendiri | Antoun Saadeh |
| Dibentuk | 1932 |
| Kantor pusat | Beirut, Lebanon |
| Surat kabar | Al-Binaa |
| Ideologi | Nasionalisme Suriah[1] Pan-Suriahnisme[2] Left-wing nationalism[3] Nasionalisme romantik[4][5] Iredentisme[6][7] Anti-Zionisme[8] Sekulerisme[9] |
| Posisi politik | Nasionalisme sayap kiri (1967-sekarang)[10][11][12][13][14] Tengah (dulu)[15] |
| Afiliasi nasional | Front Populer untuk Perubahan dan Pembebasan (Suriah) Aliansi 8 Maret (Lebanon) |
| Warna | Hitam, Merah, Putih |
| Dewan Rakyat | 4 / 250 |
| Kabinet Suriah | 2 / 35 |
| Parlemen Lebanon | 2 / 128 |
| Kabinet Lebanon | 1 / 30 |
| Bendera | |
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| Situs web | |
| www www www | |
Partai Nasionalis Sosial Suriah (PNSS) (Arab: الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, transliterasi: Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, yang sering kali disebut dalam bahasa Prancis dengan sebutan Parti Populaire Syrien atau Parti Social Nationaliste Syrien), adalah sebuah partai politik nasionalis yang beroperasi di Lebanon, Suriah, Yordania, Irak, dan Palestina. Partai tersebut mengadvokasikan pendirian negara Suriah yang membentang di Hilal Subur, yang sekarang meliputi Suriah, Lebanon, Irak, Kuwait, Yordania, Palestina, Israel, Siprus, Sinai, tenggara Turki (Alexandrette dan Cilicia), berdasarkan pada perbatasan geografi dan sejarah umum masyarakat dalam pembagian perbatasan.[16]
Dengan lebih dari 100,000 anggota,[17] partai tersebut merupakan kelompok politik hukum terbesar kedua di Suriah setelah Partai Ba'ath Sosialsi Arab,[18] Di Lebanon, partai tersebut menjadi partai sekuler besar dan elit tingkat tinggi dalam sejarah politik di negara tersebut sepanjang lebih dari 80 tahun. Sampai saat ini, partai tersebut merupakan kelompok penting dalam Aliansi 8 Maret.
Didirikan di Beirut pada 1932 sebagai sebuah organisasi antikolonial dan pembebasan nasional yang menentang kolonialisme Prancis, partai tersebut memainkan peran menonjol dalam politik Lebanon dan ikut dalam upaya kudeta-kudeta pada 1949 dan 1961 setelah partai tersebut ditekan. Partai tersebut aktif dalam pemberontakan melawan invasi Israel di Lebanon pada 1982 dan kemudian pendudukan selatan Lebanon sampai 2000 meskipun masih mendukung keberadaan Suriah di Lebanon tanpa memikirkan iredentisme Suriah namun karena tekanan jangka panjang, partai tersebut jatuh ke tangan Partai Baath di Suriah. Di Suriah, PNSS menjadi pasukan politik sayap kanan besar pada awal 1950an, namun ditekan pada 1955-56. Partai tersebut masih bertahan, dan pada akhir 1960an, partai tersebut bergabung dengan Sayap Kiri dan sekutunya dengan PLO dan Partai Komunis Lebanon, meskipun ideologinya berseberangan. Pada 2005, partai tersebut disahkan di Suriah dan bergabung dengan Front Progresif Nasional pimpinan Partai Ba'ath. Dari 2012 sampai 6 Mei 2014,[19][20] partai tersebut menjadi bagian dari Front Populer untuk Perubahan dan Pembebasan.[21]
Sepanjang Perang Saudara Suriah, partai tersebut meningkatkan pemulihannya di Suriah, dimana sekitar 8,000 pejuang dari cabang bersenjata Partai tersebut, Elang-elang Angin Puyuh, bertarung melawan Pasukan Bersenjata Suriah melawan oposisi Suriah dan Negara Islam Irak dan Syam.[22]
Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Antun Saadeh, The Genesis of Nations, (Dar al-Fikr, Beirut)
- ^ Antun Saadeh, "The Explanation of the Principles". URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/principles/ Diarsipkan 2016-05-27 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ See: Adel Beshara (ed), Antun Saadeh: the Man, his thought (2007)
- ^ See: Antun Saadeh, "What Motivated me to Establish the Syrian Social Nationalist Party", URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/misc/en/motivated.htm Diarsipkan 2015-09-17 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ See: Antun Saadeh, "Society is Knowledge and Knowledge is Power: Preface to the Genesis of Nations", URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/nisho2_oumam/en/index.htm Diarsipkan 2013-08-11 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ See: Antun Saadeh, "The Maronites are Syriac Syrians", URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/misc/en/maronites.htm Diarsipkan 2015-10-29 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ See: "Return Speech of Antun Saadeh, 1947", URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/misc/en/return.htm Diarsipkan 2015-09-17 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ See: "The Tenth Conference", URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/10_lectures/10_lectures_10.htm Diarsipkan 2017-10-09 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ See: Antun Saadeh, "Islam in its Two Messages: The Christian and Mohammadean" (Dar al-Fikr, Beirut), and Antun Saadeh, "The Genesis of Nations", (Dar al-Fikr, Beirut)
- ^ "The party was founded as a centre-right party", See: "The Syrian Social Nationalist Party", Al-Jazeera, 2009. URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UbynDObJxw
- ^ Despite its foundation texts rejecting Nazism and Fascism, and despite the proto-socialist leanings of many of its teachings ("we fight against political partisanship, we fight against feudalism, we fight against capitalism, [...]", Antun Saadeh, as quoted in "The Ten Conferences". See: http://www.ssnp.com/new/library/saadeh/10_lectures/10_lectures_09.htm Diarsipkan 2017-04-23 di Wayback Machine.), the Party did integrate many fascist semantics and symbolism including the black shirts (See: Nordbruch, Nazism in Syria and Lebanon, Routledge, 2009)
- ^ Contrary to what has been erroneously and perhaps deliberately asserted by some scholars, the party anthem was not based on a German anthem from the time of the early Nazi era, but on a Russian song. See: "Interview with Zaki Nassif", 2011. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azGqRhc8TdI
- ^ The party abandoned fascist doctrines and adopted the more acceptable rhetoric of the left. This transformation was completed in the late 1960's and permitted the SSNP to make common cause with other groups seeking to overturn the status-quo. Close relations were developed with several parties, especially the Progressive Socialist Party [...] By 1984, the SSNP chief was attending the anniversary celebration of the Lebanese Communist Party. [...] The SSNP orientation appears today to be permanently aligned with the left. See: Daniel Pipes, Greater Syria: The History of an Ambition, p.50
- ^ The SSNP underlines its common ground with the Left concerning the Palestine cause, and sees the solution to the conflict in the return of the refugees and the establishment of a completely secular democratic state uniting both modern-day Israel and the Palestinian territories into a new state encompassing all of historic Palestine as a stepping stone towards the unification of Natural Syria under the same guidelines. See: "Where we Stand", SSNP, 1997. URL: http://www.ssnp.com/old/ourstand.htm Diarsipkan 2016-08-26 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ The party initially rejects all attributions that attempt to have it labeled as fascist or Nazi. Antun Saadeh ridiculed these beliefs in his foundation text, The Genesis of Nations. See also: Adel Beshara, "National Socialism vs. Social Nationalism", URL: http://www.ssnp.com/new/ssnp/en/ssnp_001.htm Diarsipkan 2013-08-11 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Irwin, p. 24; ssnp.com Diarsipkan 2017-11-08 di Wayback Machine. "Our Syria has distinct natural boundaries…" (accessed 30 June 2006).
- ^ "Social Nationalist Party mourns Two Fighters killed in Clash with Rebels SYRIA NEWS - ZAMAN ALWSL". SYRIA NEWS - ZAMAN ALWSL. Diakses tanggal 11 April 2016.
- ^ http://www.debka.com/headline.php?hid=5425 Diarsipkan 2009-08-05 di Wayback Machine. The SSNP is now Syria’s largest party after the ruling Ba'ath.
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2014-05-08. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-10.
- ^ "Noticias de Prensa Latina". Diakses tanggal 11 April 2016.
- ^ "IDEOLOGY". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-04-12. Diakses tanggal 11 April 2016.
- ^ "The Eagles of Whirlwind-Foreign Policy".
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Charif, Maher, Rihanat al-nahda fi'l-fikr al-'arabi, Damascus, Dar al-Mada, 2000
- Hourani, Albert, La Pensée Arabe et l'Occident (French translation of Arab Thought in the Liberal Age)
- Irwin, Robert, "An Arab Surrealist". The Nation, January 3, 2005, 23–24, 37–38. There is an online version[pranala nonaktif permanen], but only the first two paragraphs are shown to non-subscribers.
- Salibi, K. S., The Modern History of Lebanon (New York: Praeger 1965)
- Salibi, Kamal, A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered, University of California, Berkeley, 1988; reprint: London, I.B. Tauris, 1998 ISBN 1-86064-912-2
- Seale, Patrick, Asad: the Struggle for the Middle East, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1988 ISBN 0-520-06976-5
- Information on Lebanese parties, from Lebanese nationalist-leaning website www.cedarland.org Diarsipkan 2007-02-06 di Wayback Machine.
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Situs web PNSS (dalam bahasa Arab)
- SSNP School Diarsipkan 2011-02-01 di Wayback Machine.
- Tahawolat Magazine Diarsipkan 2005-12-19 di Wayback Machine. Articles about society and culture
- Attacks attributed to the SSNP