Paganisme Anglo-Saxon

Paganisme Anglo-Saxon, terkadang disebut heathenisme Anglo-Saxon, agama pra-Kristen Anglo-Saxon, atau agama tradisional Anglo-Saxon, merujuk kepada keyakinan dan praktik agama yang diikuti oleh bangsa Anglo-Saxon antara abad ke-5 dan ke-8 M, pada periode Abad Pertengahan Awal di Inggris. Sebuah ragam dari paganisme Jermanik yang ditemukan di sebagian besar belahan barat laut Eropa, kepercayaan tersebut mengikuti ragam heterogen dair kepercayaan-kepercayaan dan praktik-praktik kultus berbeda, dengan banyak ragam regional.

Referensi

Sumber

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Arnold, C. J. (1997). An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (edisi ke-new). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415156363. 

Bintley, Michael D. J. (2015). Trees in the Religions of Early Medieval England. Anglo-Saxon Studies 26. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-1-84383-989-7. 

Blair, John (1995). "Anglo-Saxon Pagan Shrines and their Prototypes". Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History. 8: 1–28. 

 ⸻  (2000). The Anglo-Saxon Age: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192854032. 

 ⸻  (2005). The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199211173. 

 ⸻  (2011). "The Archaeology of Religion". Dalam Helena Hamerow; David A. Hinton; Sally Crawford. The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 727–741. ISBN 978-0199212149. 

 ⸻  (2013). "Holy Beams: Anglo-Saxon Cult Sites and the Place-Name Element Bēam". Dalam Michael D. J. Bintley; Michael G. Shapland. Trees and Timber in the Anglo-Saxon World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 186–210. ISBN 978-0-19-968079-5. 

Branston, Brian (1957). The Lost Gods of England. London: Thames and Hudson. 

Carver, Martin (2010). "Agency, Intellect and the Archaeological Agenda". Dalam Martin Carver; Alex Sanmark; Sarah Semple. Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books. hlm. 1–20. ISBN 978-1-84217-395-4. 

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Campbell, James (2007). "Some Considerations on Religion in Early England". Dalam Martin Henig; Tyler Jo Smith. Collectanea Antiqua: Essays in Memory of Sonia Chadwick Hawkes. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. hlm. 67–73. ISBN 978-1-4073-0108-2. 

Cusack, Carole M. (1998). Conversion among the Germanic Peoples. London and New York: Cassell. ISBN 978-0304701551. 

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Dunn, Marilyn (2009). The Christianization of the Anglo-Saxons c.597–c.700: Discourses of Life, Death and Afterlife. London and New York: Continuum. 

Ellis Davidson, Hilda (1992). "Human Sacrifice in the Late Pagan Period in North Western Europe". Dalam Martin Carver. The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. hlm. 331–340. 

Fell, C. E. (1995). "Paganism in Beowulf: A Semantic Fairy-Tale". Dalam T. Hofstra; L. A. J. R. Houwen; A. A. MacDonald. Pagans and Christians: The Interplay Between Christian Latin and Traditional Germanic Cultures in Early Medieval Europe. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. hlm. 9–34. ISBN 9069800764. 

Gelling, Margaret (1961). "Place-Names and Anglo-Saxon Paganism". University of Birmingham Historical Journal. 8: 7–25. 

Herbert, Kathleen (1994). Looking for the Lost Gods of England. Hockwold-cum-Wilton: Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 1-898281-04-1. 

Hooke, Della (2010). Trees in Anglo-Saxon England. Woodbridge: Boydell. ISBN 9781843835653. 

Hutton, Ronald (1991). The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-17288-8. 

 ⸻  (2013). Pagan Britain. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-197716. 

Jesch, Judith (2004). "Scandinavians and 'Cultural Paganism' in Late Anglo-Saxon England". Dalam Paul Cavill. The Christian Tradition in Anglo-Saxon England: Approaches to Current Scholarship and Teaching. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer. hlm. 55–68. ISBN 978-0859918411. 

 ⸻  (2011). "The Norse Gods in England and the Isle of Man". Dalam Daniel Anlezark. Myths, Legends, and Heroes: Essays on Old Norse and Old English Literature. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. hlm. 11–24. ISBN 978-0802099471. 

Jolly, Karen Louise (1996). Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0807845653. 

Meaney, Audrey (1966). "Woden in England: A Reconsideration of the Evidence". Folklore. 77 (2): 105–115. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1966.9717037. JSTOR 1258536. 

 ⸻  (1970). "Æthelweard, Ælfric, the Norse Gods and Northumbria". Journal of Religious History. 6 (2): 105–132. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9809.1970.tb00557.x. 

 ⸻  (1995). "Pagan English Sanctuaries, Place-Names and Hundred Meeting-Places". Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archaeology and History. 8: 29–42. 

 ⸻  (1999). "Paganism". Dalam Michael Lapidge; John Blair; Simon Keynes; Donald Scragg. The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell. hlm. 351–352. ISBN 978-0631155652. 

North, Richard (1997). Heathen Gods in Old English Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521551830. 

Owen, Gale R. (1985). Rites and Religions of the Anglo-Saxons. Not specified: Dorset Press. ISBN 978-0715377598. 

Page, R. I. (1995). "Anglo-Saxon Paganism: The Evidence of Bede". Dalam T. Hofstra; L. A. J. R. Houwen; A. A. MacDonald. Pagans and Christians: The Interplay Between Christian Latin and Traditional Germanic Cultures in Early Medieval Europe. Groningen: Egbert Forsten. hlm. 99–129. ISBN 9069800764. 

Pestell, Tim (2012). "Paganism in Early-Anglo-Saxon East Anglia". Dalam T. A. Heslop; Elizabeth Mellings; Margit Thøfner. Art, Faith and Place in East Anglia: From Prehistory to the Present. Boydell & Brewer. hlm. 66–87. 

Pluskowski, Aleks (2011). "The Archaeology of Paganism". Dalam Helena Hamerow; David A. Hinton; Sally Crawford. The Oxford Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 764–778. ISBN 978-0199212149. 

Pollington, Stephen (2011). The Elder Gods: The Otherworld of Early England. Little Downham, Cambs.: Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 978-1-898281-64-1. 

Price, Neil (2010). "Heathen Songs and Devil's Games". Dalam Martin Carver; Alex Sanmark; Sarah Semple. Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books. hlm. xiii–xvi. ISBN 978-1-84217-395-4. 

Reynolds, Andrew (1996). "Anglo-Saxon human sacrifice at Cuddesdon and Sutton Hoo?". Papers from the Institute of Archaeology. 7. hlm. 23–30. doi:10.5334/pia.97. 

 ⸻  (2002). "Burials, Boundaries and Charters in Anglo-Saxon England: A Reassessment". Dalam Sam Lucy; Andrew Reynolds. Burial in Early Medieval England and Wales. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph Series 17. London: The Society for Medieval Archaeology. hlm. 171–194. ISBN 978-1902653655. 

Ryan, J. S. (1963). "Othin in England: Evidence from the Poetry for a Cult of Woden in Anglo-Saxon England". Folklore. 74 (3): 460–480. JSTOR i253798. 

Semple, Sarah (1998). "A Fear of the Past: The Place of the Prehistoric Burial Mound in the Ideology of Middle and Later Anglo-Saxon England". World Archaeology. 30 (1): 109–126. doi:10.1080/00438243.1998.9980400. 

 ⸻  (2007). "Defining the OE hearg: A preliminary archaeological and topographic examination of hearg place names and their hinterlands". Early Medieval Europe. 15 (4): 364–385. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0254.2007.00212.x. 

 ⸻  (2010). "In the Open Air". Dalam Martin Carver; Alex Sanmark; Sarah Semple. Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited. Oxford and Oakville: Oxbow Books. hlm. 21–48. ISBN 978-1-84217-395-4. 

Shaw, Philip A. (2002). Uses of Wodan: The Development of his Cult and of Medieval Literary Responses to It (Tesis Doctoral thesis). University of Leeds. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/393/1/uk_bl_ethos_270854.pdf. 

 ⸻  (2011). Pagan Goddesses in the Early Germanic World: Eostre, Hreda and the Cult of Matrons. London: Bristol Classical Press. ISBN 9780715637975. 

Simpson, Jacqueline (1967). "Some Scandinavian Sacrifices". Folklore. 78 (3): 190–202. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1967.9717093. JSTOR 1258184. 

Stanley, Eric Gerald (2000). Imagining the Anglo-Saxon Past: The Search for Anglo-Saxon Paganism and Anglo-Saxon Trial by Jury. Cambridge: D. S Brewer. ISBN 978-0859915885. 

Stenton, F. M. (1941). "The Historical Bearing of Place-Name Studies: Anglo-Saxon Heathenism". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 23: 1–24. doi:10.2307/3678653. JSTOR 3678653. 

 ⸻  (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (edisi ke-third). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-821716-1. 

Tolley, Clive (2013). "What is a 'World Tree', and Should We Expect to Find One Growing in Anglo-Saxon England?". Dalam Michael D. J. Bintley; Michael G. Shapland. Trees and Timber in the Anglo-Saxon World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 177–185. ISBN 978-0-19-968079-5. 

Welch, Martin (2011). "Pre-Christian Practices in the Anglo-Saxon World". Dalam Timothy Insoll. The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Ritual and Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 863–876. ISBN 978-0-19-923244-4. 

Wilson, David (1992). Anglo-Saxon Paganism. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-01897-8. 

Wood, Ian N. (1995). "Pagan Religions and Superstitions East of the Rhine from the Fifth to the Ninth Century". Dalam G. Ausenda. After Empire: Towards an Ethnology of Europe's Barbarians. Woodbridge: Boydell. hlm. 253–279. ISBN 978-0-85115-853-2. 

Wormald, Patrick (1978). "Bede, Beowulf and the Conversion of the Anglo-Saxon Aristocracy". Dalam R. T. Farrell. Bede and Anglo-Saxon England. British Archaeological Reports, British Series. 46. Oxford. hlm. 39–90. 

Teks sejarah

• Bede (c. 731). Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People). 

Buku

• Ackerman, John Yonge (1855). Remains of Pagan Saxondom. London: John Russel Smith. 
• Atkinson, John C. (1891). Forty Years in a Moorland Parish. 
• Chaney, William A. (1970). The Cult of Kingship in Anglo-Saxon England: The Transition from Paganism to Christianity. California: University of California Press. 
• Ewing, Thor (2008). Gods and Worshippers in the Viking and Germanic World. Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-3590-6. 
• Griffiths, Bill (1996). Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Magic. Anglo-Saxon Books. ISBN 1-898281-33-5. 
• Hutton, Ronald (1996). The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain. New York: Oxford University Press. 
• Jones, Prudence; Pennick, Nigel (1995). A History of Pagan Europe. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-09136-5. 
• Macleod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006). Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-205-4. 
• Kemble, John (1849). The Saxons in England Vol. I. London. 

Artikel Akademik

• Crawford, Sally (2004). "Votive Deposition, Religion and the Anglo-Saxon Furnished Burial Ritual". World Archaeology. 36 (1): 87–102. doi:10.1080/0043824042000192641. 
• Halsall, Guy (1989). "Anthropology and the Study of Pre-Conquest Warfare and Society: The Ritual War in Anglo-Saxon England". Dalam Hawkes. Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England. 
• Wormald, Patrick (1983). "Bede, Bretwaldas and the Origins of the Gens Anglorum". Dalam Wormald, Patrick. Ideal and Reality in Frankish and Anglo-Saxon Society. Oxford.