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Makna (filsafat)

Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

Dalam filsafat bahasa, makna "adalah suatu hubungan antara dua jenis hal: tanda-tanda dan jenis hal yang mereka maksudkan, ungkapkan, atau lambangkan."[1]

Jenis-jenis makna berbeda-beda bergantung pada jenis hal yang diwakilinya. Terdapat:

  • hal-hal yang mungkin memiliki makna;
  • hal-hal yang juga menjadi tanda bagi hal-hal lain, dan karena itu selalu bermakna (yakni, tanda-tanda alami dari dunia fisik serta gagasan-gagasan di dalam pikiran);
  • hal-hal yang secara niscaya bermakna, seperti kata-kata dan simbol nonverbal.

Pandangan-pandangan utama dalam wacana makna masa kini mencakup beberapa pemaknaan parsial berikut:

Referensi

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  1. Richard E Morehouse, Beginning Interpretive Inquiry, Routledge, 2012, hlm. 32.

Bacaan lanjutan

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  • Akmajian, Adrian et al (1995), Linguistics: an introduction to language and communication (fourth edition), Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Allan, Keith (1986), Linguistic Meaning, Volume One, New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Arena, Leonardo Vittorio (2012), Nonsense as the Meaning (ebook).
  • Austin, J. L. (1962), How to Do Things With Words, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Berger, Peter and Thomas Luckmann (1967), The Social Construction of Reality : A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge (first edition: 240 pages), Anchor Books.
  • Davidson, Donald (2001), Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation (second edition), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dummett, Michael (1981), Frege: Philosophy of Language (second edition), Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Frege, Gottlob (ed. Michael Beaney, 1997), The Frege Reader, Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Gauker, Christopher (2003), Words without Meaning, MIT Press.
  • Goffman, Erving (1959), Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, Anchor Books.
  • Grice, Paul (1989), Studies in the Way of Words, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Searle, John and Daniel Vanderveken (1985), Foundations of Illocutionary Logic, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Searle, John (1969), Speech Acts, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Searle, John (1979), Expression and Meaning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stonier, Tom (1997), Information and Meaning: An Evolutionary Perspective, London: Springer.

Pranala luar

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