Lebar sepur 1.067 mm
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Cape gauge ("lebar trak Cape") adalah lebar trak sebesar 1067 antara sisi dalam kepala rel. Lebar trak ini dikategorikan sempit. Secara keseluruhan terdapat rel sepanjang sekitar 112000 kilometer (70000 mi) di dunia dengan lebar trak ini.
Lebar trak 1067 pertama kali digunakan oleh insinyu Carl Abraham Pihl dari Norwegia. Jalur pertama dibuka tahun 1862.
Di Indonesia, Cape gauge adalah yang standar rel kereta api.
Cape gauge diberi nama dari provinsi Cape di Afrika Selatan, yang memilih lebar trak ini tahun 1873.[1][2]. Lebar sepur ini kadang disebut sebagai CAP gauge, dari nama C.A.Pihl.[3]
Pemakai[sunting | sunting sumber]
112,000 km (69,594 mi) memakai Cape gauge di dunia :[4]
- Afrika Tengah dan Selatan :
- Angola;
- Botswana;
- Malawi;
- Mozambique;
- Namibia;
- Afrika Selatan;
- Tanzania, dari Dar es Salaam ke Zambia;
- Zambia;
- Zimbabwe.
- Asia :
- Indonesia 5961 km (3704 mi)[5]
- Jepang 20182 km (12541 mi)[6]
- Russia - Pulau Sakhalin - pada tahun 2010 sedang dalam proses konversi ke lebar rel Rusia 1520 mm
- Taiwan 1097 km (682 mi) (Taiwan Railway Administration)
- Filipina 900 km (560 mi)[butuh rujukan]
- Pasifik :
- Selandia Baru 3900 km (2400 mi)
- Australia 15160 km (9420 mi):
- Queensland 8313 km (5165 mi)
- Tasmania 632 km (393 mi)
- Australia Barat
- Australia Selatan
- Dulu di Northern Territory.
- Amerika :
- Amerika Serikat :
- Trackage in most coal mines[7]
- Kereta kabel San Francisco.
- Amerika Serikat :
Mantan pemakai[sunting | sunting sumber]
- In Norway a number of main lines were built in the 19th century by the Norwegian engineer Carl Abraham Pihl with 1067, and were later rebuilt to standard gauge.
- The gauge was popular for railroads on the islands of the St. Lawrence Gulf. Both the Prince Edward Island Railway and Newfoundland Railway were built to this gauge. The PEI lines were later standard gauged before eventually being abandoned. The Newfoundland Railway was abandoned in 1989, operating as a narrow gauge line until the very end.
- During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, the Japanese converted South Manchuria Railway from the Russian gauge (5 ft) to the 3 ft 6 in Japanese gauge, in order to facilitate the use of rolling stock brought from Japan. But once the new Japanese South Manchuria Railway company took possession of the line 1907, it was re-gauged again, now to the standard gauge (4 ft 8½ in).[8]
- Occasional lines in the United States used this gauge, including the Los Angeles Railway and San Diego Electric Railway in California.
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Ransom, P.J.G. (1996). Narrow Gauge Steam. Oxford Publishing Co. hlm. 107. ISBN 0860935337.
- ^ Griffiths, Ieuan Ll (1994). The Atlas of African Affairs. Routledge. hlm. 168. ISBN 0415054885.
- ^ Bergh, Trond (2001). "Backwardness for ever: Norwegian railway engineers and the narrow gauge, light railway system". EBHA Conference 2001: Business and Knowledge A1: Knowledge as platform for strategy: page 15.
- ^ Forum 1520
- ^ "CIA World Factbook, Indonesia".
- ^ "CIA World Factbook, Japan".
- ^ H. H. Stoek, J. R. Fleming, A. J. Hoskin, A Study of Coal Mine Haulage in Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 132, University of Illinois, July 1922, pages 102-103.
- ^ Railway and Locomotive Engineering, vol. 26 (1913), pp. 91-92
