Baning floreana

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(Dialihkan dari Kura-kura Galapagos)
Baning floreana
Chelonoidis niger

Status konservasi
Punah
IUCN9023
Taksonomi
$0Galápagos tortoise
SubspesiesChelonoidis niger
Quoy dan Gaimard, 1824
Tata nama
Sinonim takson
Sinonim spesies[1]
  • Testudo californiana
    Quoy & Gaimard, 1824a[2] (nomen oblitum)
  • Testudo nigra
    Quoy & Gaimard, 1824b[3] (nomen novum)
  • Testudo elephantopus
    Harlan, 1827[4] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo nigrita
    Duméril dan Bibron, 1834[5] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo planiceps
    Gray, 1853[6] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo clivosa
    Garman, 1917[7] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo typica
    Garman, 1917[7] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo (Chelonoidis) elephantopus
    Williams, 1952[8]
  • Geochelone (Chelonoidis) elephantopus
    Pritchard, 1967[9]
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus
    Bour, 1980[10]
Sinonim subspesies (rangkuman)[11]

C. n. nigra (Subspesies nominat)

C. n. abingdoni

  • Testudo ephippium
    Günther, 1875[13] (partim, misidentified type specimen once erroneously attributed to what is now C. n. duncanensis)
  • Testudo abingdoni
    Günther, 1877[14]

C. n. becki

C. n. chathamensis

C. n. darwini

C. n. duncanensis

C. n. hoodensis

C. n. phantastica

C. n. porteri

C. n. vicina

Sinonim subspesies (lengkap)[20]
Chelonoidis nigra nigra
  • Testudo nigra Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Testudo californiana Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Testudo galapagoensis Baur, 1889
  • Testudo elephantopus galapagoensis Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus galapagoensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis galapagoensis Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis nigra Bour, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus galapagoensis Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone nigra Pritchard, 1986
  • Geochelone nigra nigra Stubbs, 1989
  • Chelonoidis nigra galapagoensis David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra nigra David, 1994
  • Geochelone elephantopus nigra Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Testudo california Paull, 1998 (ex errore)
  • Testudo californianana Paull, 1999 (ex errore)
Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii
  • Testudo ephippium Günther, 1875
  • Testudo abingdonii Günther, 1877
  • Testudo abingdoni Van Denburgh, 1914 (ex errore)
  • Testudo elephantopus abingdonii Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus ephippium Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone abingdonii Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus abingdoni Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus ephippium Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone ephippium Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis abingdonii Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis ephippium Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone elephantopus abingdonii Groombridge, 1982
  • Geochelone abingdoni Fritts, 1983
  • Geochelone epphipium Fritts, 1983 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis nigra ephippium Pritchard, 1984
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus abingdoni Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus ephippium Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone nigra abingdoni Stubbs, 1989
  • Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus abingdonii Rogner, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra abdingdonii Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone abdingdonii Obst, 1996
  • Geochelone nigra abdingdoni Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone nigra ephyppium Caccone, Gibbs, Ketmaier, Suatoni & Powell, 1999 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis nigra ahingdonii Artner, 2003 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis abingdoni Joseph-Ouni, 2004
Chelonoidis nigra becki
  • Testudo becki Rothschild, 1901
  • Testudo bedsi Heller, 1903 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone becki Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus becki Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis becki Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus becki Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra beckii David, 1994 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus beckii Rogner, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra becki Obst, 1996
Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis
  • Testudo wallacei Rothschild, 1902
  • Testudo chathamensis Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo elephantopus chathamensis Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus wallacei Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo chatamensis Slevin & Leviton, 1956 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone chathamensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus chathamensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis chathamensis Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus chathamensis Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus wallacei Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus chatamensis Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
  • Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra wallacei Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Geochelone cathamensis Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus chatamensis Paull, 1996
  • Testudo chathamensis chathamensis Pritchard, 1998
  • Cherlonoidis nigra wallacei Wilms, 1999
  • Geochelone nigra chatamensis Caccone, Gibbs, Ketmaier, Suatoni & Powell, 1999
  • Geochelone nigra wallacei Chambers, 2004

Chelonoidis nigra darwini

  • Testudo wallacei Rothschild, 1902
  • Testudo darwini Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo elephantopus darwini Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus wallacei Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone darwini Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus darwini Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis darwini Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus darwini Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus wallacei Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra darwinii David, 1994 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus darwinii Rogner, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra darwini Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra wallacei Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Cherlonoidis nigra wallacei Wilms, 1999
  • Geochelone nigra darwinii Ferri, 2002
  • Geochelone nigra wallacei Chambers, 2004
Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis
  • Testudo duncanensis Garman, 1917 (nomen nudum)
  • Geochelone nigra duncanensis Stubbs, 1989
  • Geochelone nigra duncanensis Garman, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis Artner, 2003
  • Chelonoidis duncanensis Joseph-Ouni, 2004
Chelonoidis nigra hoodensis
  • Testudo hoodensis Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo elephantopus hoodensis Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus hoodensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone hoodensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis hoodensis Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus hoodensis Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra hoodensis David, 1994
Chelonoidis nigra phantastica
  • Testudo phantasticus Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo phantastica Siebenrock, 1909
  • Testudo elephantopus phantastica Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus phantastica Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone phantastica Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis phantastica Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone phantasticus Crumly, 1984
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus phantastica Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra phantastica David, 1994
Chelonoidis nigra porteri
  • Testudo nigrita Duméril & Bibron, 1835
  • Testudo porteri Rothschild, 1903
  • Testudo elephantopus nigrita Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus porteri Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone nigrita Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis nigrita Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone elephantopus nigrita Honegger, 1980
  • Geochelone porteri Fritts, 1983
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus nigrita Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone nigra porteri Stubbs, 1989
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus porteri Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
  • Chelonoidis nigra nigrita David, 1994
  • Geochelone nigra perteri Müller & Schmidt, 1995 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis nigra porteri Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
Chelonoidis nigra vicina
  • Testudo elephantopus Harlan, 1827
  • Testudo microphyes Günther, 1875
  • Testudo vicina Günther, 1875
  • Testudo macrophyes Garman, 1917
  • Testudo vandenburghi de Sola, 1930
  • Testudo elephantopus elephantopus Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus Williams, 1960
  • Geochelone elephantopus elephantopus Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus guentheri Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus guntheri Pritchard, 1967 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus microphyes Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenburgi Pritchard, 1967 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone guntheri Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone microphyes Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone vandenburghi Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone vicina Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus microphys Arnold, 1979 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenburghi Pritchard, 1979
  • Chelonoides elephantopus Obst, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis guentheri Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis microphyes Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis vandenburghi Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone guentheri Fritts, 1983
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus elephantopus Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus guentheri Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus microphyes Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus vandenburghi Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone elephantopus vicina Swingland, 1989
  • Geochelone elephantopus vicini Swingland, 1989 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus guntheri Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
  • Chelonoidis nigra guentheri David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra microphyes David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra vandenburghi David, 1994
  • Geochelone nigra elephantopus Müller & Schmidt, 1995
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus vicina Rogner, 1996
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenburghii Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone vandenburghii Obst, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra microphyies Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus microphytes Paull, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenbergi Paull, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Testudo elephantopus guntheri Paull, 1999
  • Chelonoidis nigra vicina Artner, 2003
  • Chelonoidis vicina Joseph-Ouni, 2004
  • Geochelone nigra guentheri Chambers, 2004[20]
ProtonimTestudo nigra
Spesies
Spesies[21]
Baning floreana
Chelonoidis niger

Illustration of the shell
Status konservasi
Punah
IUCN9023
Taksonomi
$0Galápagos tortoise
SubspesiesChelonoidis niger
Quoy dan Gaimard, 1824
Tata nama
Sinonim takson
  • Testudo nigra Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Testudo elephantopus Harlan, 1826
  • Testudo californica Gray, 1831
  • Testudo planiceps Gray, 1854
  • Testudo galapagoensis Baur, 1889
  • Testudo elephantopus elephantopus Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus galapagoensis Wermuth & Mertens, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus elephantopus Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus elephantopus Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone elephantopus Ernst & Barbour, 1989
  • Geochelone nigra King & Burke, 1989
  • Chelonoidis nigra David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra galapagoensis David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis niger Olson & David, 2014
ProtonimTestudo nigra
Distribusi

Lihat: Spesies kura-kura galápagos

Distribusi

Baning Floreana ( Chelonoidis niger niger ), juga dikenal sebagai baning pulau Charles , adalah subspesies baning Galápagos yang telah punah dan endemik di kepulauan Galápagos di Samudera Pasifik timur khatulistiwa . Julukan khusus niger ('hitam') mungkin mengacu pada pewarnaan spesimen holotipe . Nama spesies sering salah dieja sebagai nigra , sebuah kesalahan yang terjadi pada tahun 1980-an ketika Chelonoidis diangkat ke genus dan secara keliru dianggap sebagai feminin, sebuah kesalahan yang dikenali dan diperbaiki pada tahun 2017.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

  1. ^ a b Pritchard 1996, hlm. 49
  2. ^ a b Quoy, J.R.C.; Gaimard, J.P. (1824). "Description d'une nouvelle espèce de tortue et de trois espèces nouvelles de scinques". Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie (dalam bahasa French). Paris. 1: 90–91. 
  3. ^ a b c Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Quoy b
  4. ^ Harlan, Richard (1827). "Description of a land tortoise, from the Galápagos Islands, commonly known as the "Elephant Tortoise"". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5: 284–292. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  5. ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama DB1834
  6. ^ Gray, John Edward (1853). "Description of a new species of tortoise (Testudo planiceps), from the Galapagos Islands". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 21 (1): 12–13. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1853.tb07165.x. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  7. ^ a b c d e Garman, Samuel (1917). "The Galapagos tortoises". Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 30 (4): 261–296. 
  8. ^ Williams, Ernest E.; Anthony, Harold Elmer; Goodwin, George Gilbert (1952). "A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island West Indies and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 99 (9): 541–560. hdl:2246/418. 
  9. ^ Pritchard, Peter Charles Howard (1967). Living turtles of the world. New Jersey: TFH Publications. hlm. 156. 
  10. ^ Bour, R. (1980). "Essai sur la taxinomie des Testudinidae actuels (Reptilia, Chelonii)". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (dalam bahasa French). Paris. 4 (2): 546. 
  11. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama R2010
  12. ^ a b Baur, G. (1889). "The Gigantic Land Tortoises of the Galapagos Islands" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 23 (276): 1039–1057. doi:10.1086/275045. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  13. ^ a b c d e Günther, Albert (1875). "Description of the living and extinct races of gigantic land-tortoises. parts I. and II. introduction, and the tortoises of the Galapagos Islands". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 165: 251–284. Bibcode:1875RSPT..165..251G. doi:10.1098/rstl.1875.0007. JSTOR 109147. 
  14. ^ a b Günther 1877, hlm. 85
  15. ^ a b Rothschild, Walter (1901). "On a new land-tortoise from the Galapagos Islands". Novitates Zoologicae. 8: 372. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  16. ^ a b Rothschild, Walter (1902). "Description of a new species of gigantic land tortoise from the Galápagos Islands". Novitates Zoologicae. 9: 619. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Van Denburgh, John (1907). "Preliminary descriptions of four new races of gigantic land tortoises from the Galapagos Islands". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4. 1: 1–6. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-12. 
  18. ^ a b Rothschild, Walter (1903). "Description of a new species of gigantic land tortoise from Indefatigable Island". Novitates Zoologicae. 10: 119. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  19. ^ DeSola, Ralph (1930). "The liebespiel of Testudo vandenburghi, a new name for the mid-Albemarle Island Galápagos tortoise". Copeia. 1930 (3): 79–80. doi:10.2307/1437060. JSTOR 1437060. 
  20. ^ a b Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 271–276. ISSN 1864-5755. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 17 December 2010. Diakses tanggal 29 May 2012. 
  21. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama iucnredlist.org
  22. ^ van Dijk, P.P., Rhodin, A.G.J., Cayot, L.J. & Caccone, A. (2017). "Floreana Giant Tortoise". Red List. IUCN. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2021.