Kekristenan Liberal

Kekristenan Liberal, juga dikenal sebagai teologi liberal, adalah sebuah gerakan yang menafsirkan ajaran Kristen dengan mengambil pengetahuan, sains dan etika modern. Gerakan tersebut memakai pengaruh akal budi dan pengalaman atas otoritas doktrinal. Kristen Liberal memandang teologi mereka sebagai alternatif dari rasionalisme ateistik dan teologi yang berdasarkan pada penafsiran tradisional terhadap otoritas eksternal (seperti Alkitab atau tradisi suci).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Kutipan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ (Dorrien 2001, hlm. xiii,xxiii): "Liberal Christian theology is a tradition that derives from the late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Protestant attempt to reconceptualize the meaning of traditional Christian teaching in the light of modern knowledge and modern ethical values. It is not revolutionary but reformist in spirit and substance. Fundamentally it is the idea of a genuine Christianity not based on external authority. Liberal theology seeks to reinterpret the symbols of traditional Christianity in a way that creates a progressive religious alternative to atheistic rationalism and to theologies based on external authority."
^ ("Theological Liberalism"): "Theological liberalism, a form of religious thought that establishes religious inquiry on the basis of a norm other than the authority of tradition. It was an important influence in Protestantism from about the mid-17th century through the 1920s."
^ (McGrath 2013, hlm. 196): "Liberalism’s program required a significant degree of flexibility in relation to traditional Christian theology. Its leading writers argued that reconstruction of belief was essential if Christianity were to remain a serious intellectual option in the modern world. For this reason, they demanded a degree of freedom in relation to the doctrinal inheritance of Christianity on the one hand, and traditional methods of biblical interpretation on the other. Where traditional ways of interpreting Scripture, or traditional beliefs, seemed to be compromised by developments in human knowledge, it was imperative that they should be discarded or reinterpreted to bring them into line with what was now known about the world."

Sumber[sunting | sunting sumber]

Brandom, Ann-Marie (2000), "The Role of Language in Religious Education", dalam Barnes, L. Philip; Wright, Andrew; Brandom, Ann-Marie, Learning to Teach Religious Education in the Secondary School: A Companion to School Experience, Routledge, ISBN 9780415194365 .
Campbell, Ted A. (1996). Christian Confessions: A Historical Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25650-0.
Dorrien, Gary (2001). The Making of American Liberal Theology: Imagining Progressive Religion, 1805-1900. Volume 1. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664223540.
——— (2003). The Making of American Liberal Theology: Idealism, Realism, and Modernity, 1900-1950. Volume 2. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664223557.
——— (September 2002). "Modernisms in Theology: Interpreting American Liberal Theology, 1805–1950". American Journal of Theology and Philosophy. University of Illinois Press. 23 (3): 200–220. JSTOR 27944262.
Frei, Hans Wilhelm (March 18, 2018). "Albrecht Ritschl". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Mack, Burton L. (1993). The Lost Gospel: The Book of Q and Christian Origins. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780062275684.
McGrath, Alister E. (2013). Historical Theology: An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought (edisi ke-2nd). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-470-67286-0.
"Modernism: Christian Modernism". Encyclopedia of Religion. Thomas Gale. 2005.
Ogden, Schubert M. (September 1976). "Sources of Religious Authority in Liberal Protestantism". Journal of the American Academy of Religion. Oxford University Press. 44 (3): 403–416. doi:10.1093/jaarel/XLIV.3.403. JSTOR 1462813.
Tamilio, John, III (2002). "Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher (1768-1834): Progenitor of Practical Theology". The Boston Collaborative Encyclopedia of Modern Western Theology.
"Theological Liberalism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. November 5, 2018.
Woodhead, Linda (2002), "Christianity", dalam Woodhead, Linda; Fletcher, Paul, Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations, Routledge, hlm. 177–209, ISBN 9780415217835 .

Pranala luiar[sunting | sunting sumber]

[1] (Dorrien 2001, hlm. xiii,xxiii): "Liberal Christian theology is a tradition that derives from the late-eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century Protestant attempt to reconceptualize the meaning of traditional Christian teaching in the light of modern knowledge and modern ethical values. It is not revolutionary but reformist in spirit and substance. Fundamentally it is the idea of a genuine Christianity not based on external authority. Liberal theology seeks to reinterpret the symbols of traditional Christianity in a way that creates a progressive religious alternative to atheistic rationalism and to theologies based on external authority."

[2] ("Theological Liberalism"): "Theological liberalism, a form of religious thought that establishes religious inquiry on the basis of a norm other than the authority of tradition. It was an important influence in Protestantism from about the mid-17th century through the 1920s."

[3] (McGrath 2013, hlm. 196): "Liberalism’s program required a significant degree of flexibility in relation to traditional Christian theology. Its leading writers argued that reconstruction of belief was essential if Christianity were to remain a serious intellectual option in the modern world. For this reason, they demanded a degree of freedom in relation to the doctrinal inheritance of Christianity on the one hand, and traditional methods of biblical interpretation on the other. Where traditional ways of interpreting Scripture, or traditional beliefs, seemed to be compromised by developments in human knowledge, it was imperative that they should be discarded or reinterpreted to bring them into line with what was now known about the world."

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