Kösem Sultan
| Kösem Sultan كوسم سلطان | |
|---|---|
| Naib-i-Sultanat Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah (periode pertama) | |
| Perwalian | 10 September 1623 – 18 Meiy 1632 |
| Pendahulu | Tidak ada |
| Sultan | Murad IV |
| (periode kedua) | |
| Perwalian | 8 August 1648 – 2 September 1651 |
| Penerus | Turhan Hatice Sultan |
| Sultan | Mehmed IV |
| Valide Sultan Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah | |
| Periode | 10 September 1623 – 2 September 1651 |
| Pendahulu | Halime Sultan |
| Penerus | Turhan Hatice Sultan |
| Haseki Sultan Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah | |
| Periode | 26 November 1605 – 22 November 1617 |
| Pendahulu | Safiye Sultan |
| Penerus | Ayşe Sultan |
| Lahir | Anastasia kr. 1589–1590 Tinos, Eyalet Morea, Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah[1] (sekarang teritorial dari Yunani) |
| Wafat | 2 September 1651 Konstantinopel, Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah |
| Pemakaman | |
| Pasangan | Ahmed I |
| Anak | Şehzade Mehmed Şehzade Selim Murad IV Şehzade Kasim Şehzade Suleiman Ibrahim Ayşe Sultan Fatma Sultan Gevherhan Sultan[2] Hanzade Sultan[3] Burnaz Atike Sultan |
| Agama | Islam, sebelumnya Kristen Ortodoks |
Kösem Sultan (Pengucapan bahasa Turki: [cøˈsem sulˈtan]) (nama lengkap Devletlu İsmetlu Mahpeyker Kösem Valide Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri; kr. 1590 – 2 September 1651) – juga dikenal sebagai Mahpeyker Sultan[4] (Pengucapan bahasa Turki: [mahpejˈkeɾ sulˈtan]) – adalah salah satu wanita paling berkuasa dalam sejarah Utsmaniyah.[4][5][6][7] Sebagai permaisuri kesayangan dan istri sah dari Sultan Utsmaniyah Ahmed I (r. 1603–1617), ia meraih kekuasaan dan mempengaruhi politik Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah melalui suaminya, kemudian melalui putra-putranya Murad IV (r. 1623–1640) dan Ibrahim (r. 1640–1648), dan terakhir melalui cucu minornya Mehmed IV (r. 1648–1687). Ia menjadi Valide Sultan[4] ketika putra-putranya Murad IV dan Ibrahim menjabat sebagai sultan Utsmaniyah. Ia merupaka figur berpengaruh pada masa Kesultanan Wanita. Setelah kematiannya, ia dikenal dengan nama "Valide-i Maktule" (ibu yang terbunuh), dan "Valide-i Șehide" (ibu yang menjadi martir).[8]
Daftar isi
Biografi[sunting | sunting sumber]
|
| |
Putra-putra Kösem Sultan yang menjadi Sultan Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah. Kiri: Murad IV (ca. 1612–1640) Kanan: Ibrahim (ca. 1615–1648)
| ||
Kehidupan awal[sunting | sunting sumber]
Kösem berasal dari Yunani,[9][10][11][12] sebagai putri dari seorang pendeta di pulau Tinos.[13][14] Nama maiden-nya adalah Anastasia.[15] Ia dijadikan budak di Bosnia Utsmaniyah oleh beylerbey Bosnia,[16][14] dan dikirim ke Konstantinopel, ibukota Utsmaniyah, pada usia lima belas tahun, ke harem Sultan Ahmed I setelah membatalkan pendidikannya di Konstantinopel. Setelah ia pindah ke Islam, namanya diubah menjadi Mahpeyker (Bulan Terbentuk), dan kemudian oleh Sultan Ahmed I menjadi Kösem.[12] Ia dipindahkan ke istana lama saat kematian Sultan Ahmed pada 1617, namun dikembalikan sebagai Valide Sultan, ketika putranya Murad IV naik tahta pada 1623.
Anak[sunting | sunting sumber]
Putra[17][sunting | sunting sumber]
- Şehzade Mehmed (8 Maret 1605 – dibunuh pada 12 Januari 1621), Pangeran Mahkota sejak 1618.
- Şehzade Selim (27 Juni 1611 – 27 Juli 1611).
- Murad IV (26/27 Juli 1612 – 8 Februari 1640). Menjadi Sultan Utsmaniyah ke-17 dari 20 Januari 1623 sampai kematiannya.
- Şehzade Kasim (awal 1614 – 17 Februari 1638), Pangeran Mahkota sejak 1635.
- Şehzade Suleiman (awal 1615 – dibunuh pada 27 Juli 1635).
- Ibrahim (5 November 1615 – 18 Agustus 1648). Menjadi Sultan Utsmaniyah ke-18 dari 9 Februari 1640 sampai 12 Agustus 1648.
Putri[17][sunting | sunting sumber]
- Ayşe Sultan (akhir 1605 – Mei 1657).
- Fatma Sultan (1606 – 1670).
- Gevherhan Sultan (1608 – 1660).
- Hanzade Sultan (1609 – 21 September 1650)
- Burnaz Atike Sultan (akhir 1614 – 1674).
Film[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mahpeyker: Kösem Sultan (2010), yang disutradarai oleh Tarkan Özel, ditulis oleh Avni Özgürel. (dalam bahasa Turki)[18][19]
- Tims Production memproduksi sebuah serial drama setelah Muhteşem Yüzyıl yang berjudul Muhteşem Yüzyıl: Kösem, yang dibintangi oleh Anastasia Tsilimpiou (sebagai Kösem muda) dan Beren Saat (sebagai Kösem dewasa). Acara tersebut dimulai pada 12 November 2015.
Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mansel, Philip (1995), Constantinople: City of the World's Desire, 1453–1924; New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Freely, John (1999), Inside the Seraglio: Private Lives of the Sultans in Istanbul
- Imber, Colin (2009), "The Ottoman Empire"; New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ http://www.dr.com.tr/kitap/kara-kralice-kosem/demet-altinyeleklioglu/edebiyat/roman/turkiye-roman/urunno=0000000413240
- ^ Singh, Nagendra Kr (2000). International encyclopaedia of Islamic dynasties. Anmol Publications PVT. hlm. 423–424. ISBN 81-261-0403-1.
Through her beauty and intelligence, Kösem Walide was especially attractive to Ahmed I, and drew ahead of more senior wives in the palace. She bore the sultan four sons – Murad, Süleyman, Ibrahim and Kasim – and three daughters – 'Ayşe, Fatma and Djawharkhan. These daughters she subsequently used to consolidate her political influence by strategic marriages to different viziers.
- ^ Peirce, Leslie P. (1993), The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, hlm. 365, ISBN 0195086775
- ^ a b c Douglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press, isbn= 0-313-30708-3, p. 195
- ^ Bator, Robert, – Rothero, Chris (2000). Daily Life in Ancient and Modern Istanbul. Twenty-First Century Books. hlm. 42. ISBN 0-8225-3217-4.
When such a son became sultan, his slave mother would become the most powerful woman in the Ottoman Empire. The Macedonian slave Kösem earned this distinction
- ^ Akbar, M. J. (2002). The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity. Routledge. hlm. 89. ISBN 0-415-28470-8.
His mother, Valide Kosem, said to be the most powerful woman in the history of the dynasty, ruled in his name.
- ^ Westheimer, Ruth Karola, – Kaplan, Steven (2001). Power. University of Virginia: Madison Books. hlm. 19. ISBN 1-56833-230-0.
Maypeyker Sultan, better known as Kösem Sultan, is remembered by the Turks as the most powerful woman of her time
- ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu (2007). Famous Ottoman women. Avea. hlm. 129.
- ^ al-Ayvansarayî, Hafiz Hüseyin ; Crane, Howard (2000). The garden of the mosques : Hafiz Hüseyin al-Ayvansarayî's guide to the Muslim monuments of Ottoman Istanbul. Brill. hlm. 21. ISBN 90-04-11242-1.
Kosem Valide Mahpeyker, known also simply as Kosem Sultan (c. 1589–1651), consort of Sultan Ahmed I and mother of Murad IV and Ibrahim I. Greek by birth, she exercised a decisive influence in the Ottoman state
- ^ "Kosem Sultan (Ottoman sultana) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Diakses tanggal 11 March 2012.
- ^ Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen (1954). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. hlm. 597. ISBN 90-04-07026-5.
Kosem [qv] Mahpeyker, a woman of Greek origin (Anastasia, 1585–1651)
- ^ a b Davis, Fanny (1970). The Palace of Topkapi in Istanbul. Scribner. hlm. 227–228. OCLC 636864790.
Kosem was said to have been the daughter of a Greek priest of one of the Aegean islands, probably captured during one of the Ottoman-Venetian maritime campaigns. Her name was Anastasia but was changed after her conversion, no doubt on her admission to the palace, to Mâh-Peyker (Moon-Shaped), and later by Sultan Ahmet to Kosem
- ^ Hogan, Christine (2006). The Veiled Lands: A Woman's Journey Into the Heart of the Islamic World. Macmillan Publishers Aus. hlm. 74. ISBN 9781405037013.
- ^ a b Freely, John (1996). Istanbul: the imperial city. Viking. hlm. 215. ISBN 0-14-024461-1.
Then around 1608 Ahmet found a new favourite, a Greek girl named Anastasia, who had been captured on the island of Tinos and sent as a slave to the Harem, where she took the name of Kosem
- ^ Sonyel, Salâhi Ramadan (1993). Minorities and the destruction of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish Historical Society Printing House. hlm. 61. ISBN 975-16-0544-X.
Many of the women of the harem were non-Muslim, for example Kösem Sultan was born in 1590 as Anastasia. The Governor of Bosnia had sent her to the Sultan. She was the wife of Ahmet I (1603–17), and the mother of Murat IV (1623–40), and of Ibrahim I (1640–8)
- ^ Amila Buturović, İrvin Cemil Schick (2007). Women in the Ottoman Balkans: gender, culture and history. I.B.Tauris. hlm. 23. ISBN 1-84511-505-8.
Kösem, who was of Greek origin. Orphaned very young, she found herself at the age of fifteen in the harem of Sultan Ahmed I.
- ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama:0 - ^ Hurriyet Daily News, 14 September 2010, Turkish screenwriter tells Ottoman history through one woman's life
- ^ IMDB, Mahpeyker - Kösem Sultan
| Ottoman | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Safiye Sultan |
Haseki Sultan 26 November 1605 – 22 November 1617 |
Diteruskan oleh: Ayşe Sultan |
| Didahului oleh: Halime Sultan |
Valide Sultan 10 September 1623 – 3 September 1651 |
Diteruskan oleh: Turhan Hatice Sultan |
| Didahului oleh: Tidak ada |
Naib-i-Sultanat 10 September 1623 – 18 Mei 1632 dan 8 Agustus 1648 – 3 September 1651 |
Diteruskan oleh: Turhan Hatice Sultan |
Kategori:
- Kelahiran 1589
- Kematian 1651
- Orang yang berpindah dari Ortodoks Timur ke Islam
- Tokoh dari Tinos
- Valide sultan
- Istri Sultan Utsmaniyah
- Pemangku raja perempuan
- Ratu
- Budak Utsmaniyah
- Tokoh Utsmaniyah abad ke-16
- Tokoh Utsmaniyah abad ke-17
- Budak Yunani di Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah
- Yunani Utsmaniyah
- Orang Utsmaniyah keturunan Yunani
- Anggota kerajaan yang dibunuh
- Mantan Kristen Ortodoks Yunani
