Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Djibouti
| Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Djibouti | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Peta yang menunjukkan jalur sepur standar baru | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ikhtisar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sistem | Rel berat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Status | Layanan dalam percobaan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Terminus | Sebeta, Ethiopia Port of Doraleh, Djibouti | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operasi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dibuka | 5 Oktober 2016 (Ethiopia) 10 Januari 2017 (Djibouti) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operator | Ethiopian Railway Corporation Société Djiboutienne De Chemin De Fer China Railways | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data teknis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Panjang lintas | 756 km (470 mi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lebar sepur | 1.435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) sepur standar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elektrifikasi | Listrik aliran atas 25 kV AC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kecepatan operasi | 160 km/h (99 mph) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Titik tertinggi | 2.356 m (7.730 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jalur kereta api Addis Ababa–Djibouti adalah jalur kereta api internasional dengan sepur standar yang menghubungkan Addis Ababa dengan pelabuhan Djibouti di Teluk Aden,[1] menyediakan akses jalur kereta api menuju laut bagi daratan terkurung Ethiopia. Lebih dari 95% dari perdagangan Etiopia melalui Djibouti, mencapai 70% dari aktivitas di pelabuhan Djibouti.[2][3] Jalur kereta api dengan sepur standar ini menggantikan Jalur Kereta Api Ethio-Djibouti yang diabaikan, sebuah jalur kereta api dengan lebar rel 1000 mm (metre gauge railway) yang dibangun oleh Prancis antara tahun 1894 dan 1917.[4]
Jalur baru dibangun antara 2011 dan 2016 oleh China Railway Group dan China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation. Pembiayaan untuk jalur baru disediakan oleh Exim Bank of China, China Development Bank, dan Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.[5] Total US$4 miliar diinvestasikan untuk jalur kereta api ini.[6]
Layanan percobaan dimulai pada Oktober 2016, dan layanan reguler diharapkan dimulai pada tahun 2017.[7] Seksi Ethiopia diresmikan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2016, dan seksi Djibouti diresmikan pada tanggal 10 Januari 2017.[8] Jalur kereta api ini telah mengurangi waktu transit kargo dari 3 hari melalui jalan raya menjadi 12 jam melalui kereta api.[9]
Rute[sunting | sunting sumber]
Sebagian besar panjang relnya berjalan sejajar dengan Jalur Kereta Api Ethio-Djibouti dengan lebar rel 1000 mm (metre gauge) yang diabaikan.[4] Namun, jalur kereta api sepur standar ini dibangun pada hak pembangunan jalan yang baru dan lebih lurus yang memungkinkannya untuk mencapai kecepatan yang jauh lebih tinggi. Stasiun-stasiun baru telah dibangun di luar pusat kota, dan stasiun lama dinonaktifkan.[10][11]
Jalur ini memiliki trek ganda untuk 115 km pertama dari Sebeta ke Adama, dan trek tunggal dari Adama menuju lautan.[12]
Sejarah[sunting | sunting sumber]
Pada tahun 2011, Ethiopian Railway Corporation memberikan kontrak kepada dua BUMN Tiongkok untuk pembangunan sebuah jalur kereta api sepur standar baru dari Addis Ababa ke perbatasan Djibouti. Sepanjang 320 km membentang dari Sebeta ke Mieso diberikan kepada China Railway Group,[13] dan seksi 339 km dari Mieso ke perbatasan Djibouti diberikan kepada China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation.[14] Pada tahun 2012, Djibouti memilih China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation untuk menyelesaikan 100 km terakhir ke pelabuhan Djibouti.[15]
Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Jalur Kereta Api Tanzania-Zambia, jalur kereta api lainnya yang dibangun Tiongkok di Afrika.
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "Ethiopia – Djibouti high speed railway finally completed". CGTN. 17 January 2017.
- ^ Meseret, Elias (5 October 2016). "Ethiopia's new coastal rail link runs through restive region". Associated Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-10-09. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-07.
- ^ Maasho, Aaron (17 December 2011). "Ethiopia signs Djibouti railway deal with China". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-11-24. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-07.
Ethiopia and Djibouti's economies are reliant on each other with about 70 percent of all trade through Djibouti's port coming from its land-locked neighbour.
- ^ a b Blas, Javier (27 November 2013). "Chinese investment triggers new era of east African rail building". ThHe Financial Times.
This line, whose building started several months ago, runs parallel to the abandoned Imperial Railway Company of Ethiopia track built between 1894 and 1917.
- ^ Maasho, Aaron (17 December 2011). "Ethiopia signs Djibouti railway deal with China". Reuters. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2015-11-24. Diakses tanggal 2017-03-07.
CCECC and China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) have won tenders for other sections of the 656-kilometre build. Those companies have brokered loans for Ethiopia from China's EXIM Bank, Development Bank of China and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), Getachew said.
- ^ "Chinese-built railway helps propel Ethiopia's industrialization drive". 2 October 2016.
- ^ "Ethiopia: Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway to Start Trial Service". www.2merkato.com. 29 September 2016.
- ^ "Djibouti-Ethiopia Railway Officially Inaugurated". Awramba Times. 11 January 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 January 2017.
- ^ "Ethiopia: Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway Officially Completed, Creating High Speed Link Between Djibouti and Ethiopia". Djibouti Ports and Free Zones Authority (Djibouti). 10 January 2017.
- ^ "Ethiopia has a lot riding on its new, Chinese-built railroad to the sea". Washington Post. Diakses tanggal 4 October 2016.
- ^ Vaughan, Jenny (10 March 2013). "China's Latest Ethiopian Railway Project Shows Their Growing Global Influence". Agence France Presse.
But he said that if the old train ceases to operate, it will be a great loss for Ethiopia and for Dire Dawa, the commercial town in northeastern Ethiopia where the main train station and workshops were headquartered. The new station is slated to be built just outside Dire Dawa, a town renowned for its French atmosphere. "Dire Dawa will suffer," said Josef, who is now the director of the French cultural centre in the city. The train station -- known locally as "la gare" -- and the workshops still stand, unused for years.
- ^ "China's CREC to complete section of Ethiopia's key railway project". China Daily USA. Xinhua. 19 May 2015.
The Sebeta/Addis Ababa-Mieso railway project covers a total length of 329.145 km. The Ababa-Adama section is a double track with 114.73 km length while the Adama-Mieso is a single track covering 214.145 km.
- ^ "Chinese, Ethiopian firms sign railway project deal". China Daily USA. Xinhua. 26 October 2011.
The Ethiopian Railway Corporation and the China Railway Group Limited (CREC) on Tuesday signed an accord that enables the latter to construct railways that runs from Sebeta town, some 25 km away from Addis Ababa up to Mieso town in the east of Addis Ababa. The total distance of the railway project covers some 320 kms, according to the Ethiopian Railway Corporation (ERC).
- ^ Berhane, Daniel (18 December 2011). "Second Chinese company signs up for Ethio-Djibouti rail route". Horn Affairs - English.
China Civil Engineering Construction Cooperation (CCECC) signed an agreement on Friday for the construction of the second half of the new Ethiopian – Djibouti rail route. ... The cost of the project is estimated about 1.12 Billion USD – about 3.3 million USD per kilometre.
- ^ "Contract signed for final section of new Djibouti - Ethiopia railway". Railway Gazette. 16 February 2012.
The government has awarded China Railway Construction Corp a contract to build its 100 km section of the new standard gauge railway which will replace the out-of-use metre-gauge line from the coast to Addis Abeba in Ethiopia. Announcing the US $505m contract covering the Djibouti section of the route on February 15, CRCC said work was expected to take 60 months. The contractor will arrange Chinese financial support for the project.