J.P. Morgan
J.P. Morgan | |
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Lahir | Hartford, Connecticut, Amerika Serikat | 17 April 1837
Meninggal | 31 Maret 1913 Roma, Italia | (umur 75)
Makam | Cedar Hill Cemetery |
Pekerjaan | Pendana, Bankir |
Suami/istri | Amelia Sturges (m. 1861–1862)Frances Louise Tracy
(m. 1865–1913) |
Anak | Louisa Pierpont Morgan John Pierpont Morgan, Jr. Juliet Morgan Anne Morgan |
Orang tua | Junius Spencer Morgan Juliet Pierpont |
Tanda tangan | |
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John Pierpont Morgan (17 April 1837 – 31 Maret 1913) adalah seorang pendana, bankir, dan kolektor seni asal Amerika Serikat yang mendominasi keuangan perusahaan dan konsolidasi industri pada saat itu. Pada 1892, Morgan mengatur penggabungan Edison General Electric dan Thomson-Houston Electric Company untuk membentuk General Electric. Setelah mendanai pembentukan Federal Steel Company, ia bergabung dengan Carnegie Steel Company pada 1901 dan sejumlah industri baja dan besi lainnya, termasuk Consolidated Steel and Wire Company yang dimiliki oleh William Edenborn, untuk membentuk United States Steel Corporation.
Morgan meninggal dunia di Roma, Italia, dalam tidurnya pada usia 75 tahun, meninggalkan kekayaan dan bisnisnya kepada putranya, John Pierpont "Jack" Morgan, Jr., dan mewariskan puri dan koleksi bukunya kepada The Morgan Library & Museum di New York.
Pada puncak karier Morgan sepanjang awal 1900-an, ia dan mitranya melakukan investasi di berbagai perusahaan besar dan dituduh mengendalikan keuangan negara oleh para kritikus. Ia memimpin koalisi perbankan yang menghentikan Kepanikan 1907. Ia adalah pendana berpengaruh pada Zaman Progresif, dan dedikasinya terhadap efisiensi dan modernisasi turut membantu mengubah bisnis di Amerika Serikat. Morgan meluruskan arti konservatisme dalam hal kekuatan finansial yang digabungkan dengan komitmen kuat terhadap agama dan budaya tinggi.[1]
Perusahaan Morgan[sunting | sunting sumber]
Pada 1890–1913, 42 perusahaan besar dibentuk atau sekuritas mereka ditanggung secara keseluruhan atau sebagian oleh J.P. Morgan and Company.[2]
Industri[sunting | sunting sumber]
- American Bridge Company
- American Telephone & Telegraph
- Associated Merchants
- Atlas Portland Cement
- Boomer Coal & Coke
- Federal Steel Company
- General Electric
- Hartford Carpet Corporation
- Inspiration Consolidated Copper
- International Harvester
- International Mercantile Marine
- J. I. Case Threshing Machine
- National Tube
- United Dry Goods
Kereta api[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway
- Atlantic Coast Line
- Central of Georgia Railroad
- Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad
- Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad
- Chicago, Burlington & Quincy
- Chicago Great Western Railway
- Chicago, Indianapolis & Louisville Railroad
- Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway
- Erie Railroad
- Florida East Coast Railway
- Hocking Valley Railway
- Lehigh Valley Railroad
- Louisville and Nashville Railroad
- New York Central System
- New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad
- New York, Ontario and Western Railway
- Northern Pacific Railway
- Pennsylvania Railroad
- Pere Marquette Railroad
- Reading Railroad
- St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad
- Southern Railway
- Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis
Lihat pula[sunting | sunting sumber]
Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]
Bibliografi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Biografi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Atwood, Albert W. and Erickson, Erling A. "Morgan, John Pierpont, (Apr. 17, 1837 – Mar. 31, 1913)," in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 7 (1934)
- Auchincloss, Louis. J.P. Morgan : The Financier as Collector Harry N. Abrams, Inc. (1990) ISBN 0-8109-3610-0
- Baker, Ray Stannard (1901). "J. Pierpont Morgan". McClure's Magazine. 17 (6): 507–518. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-10.
- Brands, H.W. Masters of Enterprise: Giants of American Business from John Jacob Astor and J. P. Morgan to Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey (1999), pp. 64–79
- Bryman, Jeremy. J. P. Morgan: Banker to a Growing Nation : Morgan Reynolds Publishing (2001) ISBN 1-883846-60-9, for middle schools
- Carosso, Vincent P. The Morgans: Private International Bankers, 1854–1913. Harvard U. Press, 1987. 888 pp. ISBN 978-0-674-58729-8
- Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance, (2001) ISBN 0-8021-3829-2
- Morris, Charles R. The Tycoons: How Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, and J. P. Morgan Invented the American Supereconomy (2005) ISBN 978-0-8050-8134-3
- Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier. (1999). 796 pp. excerpt and text search
Studi khusus[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Brandeis, Louis D. Other People's Money and How the Bankers Use It. Ed. Melvin I. Urofsky. (1995). ISBN 0-312-10314-X
- Carosso, Vincent P. Investment Banking in America: A History Harvard University Press (1970)
- De Long, Bradford. "Did JP Morgan's Men Add Value?: An Economist's Perspective on Financial Capitalism," in Peter Temin, ed., Inside the Business Enterprise: Historical Perspectives on the Use of Information (1991) pp. 205–36; shows firms with a Morgan partner on their board had higher stock prices (relative to book value) than their competitors
- Forbes, John Douglas. J. P. Morgan, Jr., 1867–1943 (1981). 262 pp. biography of his son
- Fraser, Steve. Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life HarperCollins (2005)
- Garraty, John A. Right-Hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins. (1960) ISBN 978-0-313-20186-8; Perkins was a top aide 1900–1910
- Garraty, John A. "The United States Steel Corporation Versus Labor: The Early Years," Labor History 1960 1(1): 3–38
- Geisst; Charles R. Wall Street: A History from Its Beginnings to the Fall of Enron. Oxford University Press. 2004.
- Giedeman, Daniel C. "J. P. Morgan, the Clayton Antitrust Act, and Industrial Finance-Constraints in the Early Twentieth Century", Essays in Economic and Business History, 2004 22: 111–126
- Hannah, Leslie. "J. P. Morgan in London and New York before 1914," Business History Review 85 (Spring 2011) 113–50
- Keys, C.M. (1908). "The Builders I: The House of Morgan". The World's Work. 15 (2): 9779–9704. Diakses tanggal 2009-07-10.
- Moody, John. The Masters of Capital: A Chronicle of Wall Street (1921)
- Rottenberg, Dan. The Man Who Made Wall Street. University Of Pennsylvania Press.
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
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Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: J.P. Morgan. |
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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai J. P. Morgan (banker). |
- George LaBarre Galleries : J. Pierpont Morgan autographed New Jersey Junction Railroad 100-year Bond dated 1886.
- The Morgan Library and Museum, 225 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
- John Pierpont (J.P.) Morgan—People of Connecticut
- The American Experience—J.P. Morgan
- Scripophily.com Diarsipkan 2013-05-30 di Wayback Machine. : J. Pierpont Morgan autographed New Jersey Junction Railroad 100-year Bond dated 1886.
- Pujo Committee Hearings—searchable full-text—Also known as Money Trust Investigation. Investigation of Financial and Monetary Conditions in the United States Under House Resolutions Nos. 429 and 504.
- Booknotes interview with Jean Strouse on Morgan: American Financier, May 23, 1999. Diarsipkan 2013-06-21 di Wayback Machine.
Karya di Wikisource:
- Templat:Cite CAB
- "perlu nama artikel ". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). 1911. Teks "Morgan, John Pierpont" akan diabaikan (bantuan)
- "Morgan, John Pierpont". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. di Wikisource
- Artikel Wikipedia yang memuat kutipan dari Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911 dengan parameter tanpa nama
- Artikel Wikipedia yang mengandung kutipan dari New International Encyclopedia dengan parameter kosong
- Kelahiran 1837
- Kematian 1913
- Kolektor seni Amerika Serikat
- Bankir Amerika Serikat
- Pendana Amerika Serikat
- Filantropis Amerika Serikat
- Keluarga Morgan