Pertempuran Hampton Roads

Pertempuran Hampton Roads; (Pertempuran Ironclads)
	; Kromolitograf menggambarkan Pertempuran Hampton Roads.
Tanggal	8 Maret 1862 – 9 Maret 1862
Lokasi	Lepas Sewell's Point (Norfolk saat ini), dekat muara Hampton Roads, Virginia; 36°59′0″N 76°19′11″W / 36.98333°N 76.31972°WKoordinat: 36°59′0″N 76°19′11″W / 36.98333°N 76.31972°W
Hasil	Kebuntuan taktis, kemenangan Union strategis Blokade Union bertahan; Skuadron Konfederasi Sungai James tetap dalam status armada siaga;
Pihak terlibat
Amerika Serikat (Union)	Konfederasi
Tokoh dan pemimpin
John Marston (perwira senior AL); John L. Worden (USS Monitor)	Franklin Buchanan; Catesby ap Roger Jones
Kekuatan
1 ironclad; 5 fregat kayu	1 ironclad; 2 kapal perang kayu; 1 kapal meriam; 2 tender
Korban
261 tewas; 108 terluka; 1 fregat karam; 1 sloop-of-war karam; 1 fregat rusak	78 tewas; 17 terluka; 1 ironclad (kapal perang abad ke-19) rusak

Pertempuran Hampton Roads, sering dirujuk kepada Pertempuran Monitor dan Merrimack (atau Virginia) atau Pertempuran Ironclads, adalah pertempuran laut paling terkenal dan bisa dikatakan yang paling penting dari Perang Saudara Amerika dari sudut pandang pengembangan angkatan laut. Pertempuran ini berlangsung selama dua hari, dari 8-9 Maret 1862, di Hampton Roads, sebuah dermaga di Virginia di mana sungai Elizabeth dan Nansemond bertemu dengan Sungai James sebelum memasuki Teluk Chesapeake yang berdekatan dengan kota Norfolk. Pertempuran ini adalah bagian dari upaya Konfederasi untuk mematahkan blokade Union, yang telah memutuskan kota terbesar Virginia, Norfolk dan Richmond, dari perdagangan internasional.^[2]^[3]

Lihat juga[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Singkatan-singkatan yang digunakan dalam catatan ini:

ORA (Official records, armies): Perang Pemberontakan: sebuah kompilasi dari catatan resmi Angkatan Darat Union dan Konfederasi.

ORN (Official records, navies): Catatan resmi dari Angkatan Laut Union dan Konfederasi dalam Perang Pemberontakan.

^ Battle Summary: Hampton Roads
^ Musicant 1995, pp. 134–178; Anderson 1962, pp. 71–77; Tucker 2006, p. 151.
^ de Meissner, Sophie Radford (1920). Old Naval Days. New York: Henry Holt and Company. hlm. 244–251.

Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]

Anderson, Bern. By sea and by river: the naval history of the Civil War. Knopf; reprint, Da Capo, n.d.; 1962. ISBN 0-306-80367-4.
Browning, Robert M. Jr.. From Cape Charles to Cape Fear: the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War. University of Alabama; 1993. ISBN 0-8173-5019-5.
Davis, William C.. Duel between the first ironclads. Doubleday,; 1975.
Durkin, Joseph T.. Stephen R. Mallory: Confederate Navy chief. University of North Carolina; reprint, University of South Carolina, 1987; 1954. ISBN 0-87249-518-3.
Gibbons, Tony. The complete encyclopedia of battleships: a technical directory of capital ships from 1860 to the present day. Salamander Books; 1983. ISBN 0-517-37810-8.
Luraghi, Raimondo. A history of the Confederate Navy. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press; 1996. ISBN 1-55750-527-6. (translation by Paolo E. Coletta of Marina del Sud: storia della marina confederate nella Guerra Civile Americana, 1861–1865. Rizzoli, 1993.)
Musicant, Ivan. Divided waters: the naval history of the Civil War. HarperCollins; 1995. ISBN 0-06-016482-4.
Nelson, James L.. Reign of iron: the story of the first battling ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins; 2004. ISBN 0-06-052403-0.
Quarstein, John V., C.S.S. Virginia, Mistress of Hampton Roads, self-published for the Virginia Civil War Battles and Leaders Series; 2000. ISBN 1-56190-118-0
Scharf, J. Thomas. History of the Confederate States Navy from its organization to the surrender of its last vessel; its stupendous struggle with the great Navy of the United States, the engagements fought in the rivers and harbors of the South and upon the high seas, blockade-running, first use of iron-clads and torpedoes, and privateer history. New York: Rogers & Sherwood; 1887; reprint, Random House, 1996..
Simson, Jay W.. Naval strategies of the Civil War: Confederate innovations and Federal opportunism. Nashville: Cumberland House; 2001. ISBN 1-58182-195-6.
Still, William N. Jr.. Iron afloat: the story of the Confederate armorclads. Vanderbilt University; 1985. ISBN 0-87249-616-3.
Tucker, Spencer. Blue & gray navies: the Civil War afloat. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press; 2006. ISBN 1-59114-882-0.
United States Department of the Navy, Naval History Department. Civil War naval chronology, 1861–1865. Government Printing Office; 1971.
Wise, Stephen R.. Lifeline of the Confederacy: blockade running during the Civil War. University of South Carolina; 1988. ISBN 9780872495548.

Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

A record of events in Norfolk County, Virginia, online text with an entire chapter on the battle.
Civil War Naval History
USS Monitor National Historical Site Diarsipkan 2004-11-22 di Wayback Machine.
Monitor in the news – Its 'revolutionary' gun turret has been raised from the ocean floor.
On-line exhibition of the Monitor
"An original 1862 Chicago Tribune Article!"
website devoted to CSS Virginia Diarsipkan 2006-10-03 di Library of Congress Web Archives
Battle of Hampton Road website
First Edition Report on the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac
Newspaper coverage of the Battle of Hampton Roads Diarsipkan 2013-05-28 di Wayback Machine.
National Park Service Battle Summary
CWSAC Report Update

[1] Battle Summary: Hampton Roads

[2] Musicant 1995, pp. 134–178; Anderson 1962, pp. 71–77; Tucker 2006, p. 151.

[DeMeissner-3] Meissner, Sophie Radford (1920). Old Naval Days. New York: Henry Holt and Company. hlm. 244–251.

[1]

[2]

[3]