Kanchipuram

Kānchipuram
Kānchipuram
Kota
	Kuil Kailasanathar, 685-705, kuil tertua di kota ini
	Julukan: Kānchi
Negara	India
Negara Bagian	Tamil Nadu
Region	Tondai Nadu
Distrik	Kanchipuram
Pemerintahan
• Jenis	Munisipalitas
• Badan	Munisipalitas Kanchipuram
Populasi (2011)
• Total	164.265
Bahasa
• Resmi	Tamil
Zona waktu	UTC+5.30 (IST)
PIN	631501-631503
Kode area telepon	044
Pelat kendaraan	TN-21
Situs web	kanchi.tn.nic.in

Kānchipuram^a atau dikenal sebagai Kānchi (kāñcipuram; [kaːɲd͡ʒipuɾəm])^[1] adalah sebuah kota di Negara Bagian Tamil Nadu, India, 72 km (45 mi) dari Chennai – ibu kota Tamil Nadu. Kota ini meliputi daerah seluas 11,605 km² (4,481 sq mi) dan memiliki penduduk sebanyak 164.265 jiwa pada tahun 2001.^[2] Ia merupakan ibu kota administrasi pemerintahan Distrik Kanchipuram. Kanchipuram terhubung dengan baik melalui jalan darat dan rel. Bandar Udara Internasional Chennai merupakan bandar udara domestik dan internasional yang terdekat ke kota ini, yang terletak di Tirusulam di Distrik Kanchipuram.

Terletak di tepi Sungai Vegavathy, Kanchipuram telah diperintah oleh Pallawa, Chola Abad Pertengahan,^[3] Chola Akhir, Pandya Akhir, Kemaharajaan Wijayanagara, Kerajaan Carnatic, dan Britania, yang menyebut kota tersebut "Conjeeveram".^[3] Monumen bersejarah kota ini meliputi Kuil Kailasanathar dan Kuil Vaikunta Perumal. Secara historis, Kanchipuram merupakan pusat pendidikan^[4] dan dikenal sebagai ghatikasthanam, atau "tempat belajar".^[5] Kota ini juga merupakan suatu pusat pendidikan lanjutan keagamaan untuk Jainisme dan Buddhisme antara abad ke-1 dan ke-5.^[6]

Dalam teologi Hindu aliran Waisnawa, Kanchipuram merupakan salah satu dari tujuh situs Tirtha (ziarah), bagi pembebasan spiritual.^[7] Kota ini menjadi tempat berdirinya Kuil Varadharaja Perumal, Kuil Ekambareswarar, Kuil Kamakshi Amman,dan Kuil Kumarakottam yang merupakan beberapa kuil Hindu utama di negara bagian tersebut. Dari 108 kuil suci dewa Hindu Wisnu, 14 di antaranya terletak di Kanchipuram. Kota ini sangat penting bagi aliran Sri Waisnawa, namun juga sebuah tempat ziarah suci dalam aliran Saiwa. Kota ini terkenal karena sutra tenunan tangannya, sari dan sebagian besar tenaga kerja kota terlibat dalam industri pertenunan.^[8]

Kanchipuram dikelola oleh sebuah munisipalitas tingkat Khusus yang didirikan pada tahun 1947. Kota ini adalah markas besar Kanchi matha, sebuah institusi monastik Hindu yang diyakini didirikan oleh orang suci Hindu dan komentator Adi Sankaracharya, dan merupakan ibu kota Kerajaan Pallawa antara abad ke-4 dan ke-9.

Kanchipuram telah dipilih sebagai salah satu kota warisan untuk skema Pengembangan dan Peningkatan Kota Warisan Yojana dari Pemerintah India.

Catatan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Ejaan resmi, sesuai situs wb munisipalitas Diarsipkan 2012-01-07 di Wayback Machine. adalah "Kancheepuram". Namun, ejaan Kanchipuram adalah nama yang paling banyak digunakan.

Kutipan[sunting | sunting sumber]

^ Malalasekera 1973, hlm. 112–13.
^ Kanchipuram : Census 2011.
^ ^a ^b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Conjeeveram". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 943.
^ Rao 2008, hlm. xviii.
^ K.V. 1975, hlm. 80.
^ Thapar 2001, hlm. 344–345.
^ Jean Holm; John Bowker (2001). Sacred Place. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 70. ISBN 978-1-62356-623-4.
^ Kanchipuram Industrial profile 2012.

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Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

Kancheepuram Municipality Diarsipkan 2012-01-07 di Wayback Machine.
Kanchipuram HRIDAY city Diarsipkan 2017-07-24 di Wayback Machine.
Kancheepuram district administration website Diarsipkan 2017-09-08 di Wayback Machine.

Koordinat: 12°49′N 79°43′E / 12.82°N 79.71°E / 12.82; 79.71

[FOOTNOTEMalalasekera1973112–13-1] Malalasekera 1973, hlm. 112–13.

[FOOTNOTEKanchipuram_:_Census_2011-2] Kanchipuram : Census 2011.

[EB1911-3] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Conjeeveram". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 943.

[FOOTNOTERao2008xviii-4] Rao 2008, hlm. xviii.

[FOOTNOTEK.V.197580-5] K.V. 1975, hlm. 80.

[FOOTNOTEThapar2001344–345-6] Thapar 2001, hlm. 344–345.

[7] Jean Holm; John Bowker (2001). Sacred Place. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm. 70. ISBN 978-1-62356-623-4.

[FOOTNOTEKanchipuram_Industrial_profile2012-8] Kanchipuram Industrial profile 2012.

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