Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania: Perbedaan antara revisi
Membalikkan revisi 6937215 oleh Daniel Leonardi (bicara) |
Membalikkan revisi 6937210 oleh Daniel Leonardi (bicara) |
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Baris 18: | Baris 18: | ||
| year_start = 1569 |
| year_start = 1569 |
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| date_start = 1 Juli |
| date_start = 1 Juli |
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| event_start = [[ |
| event_start = [[Union of Lublin|Union established]] |
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| year_end = 1795 |
| year_end = 1795 |
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| date_end = 24 |
| date_end = October 24 |
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| event_end = [[ |
| event_end = [[Third Partition of Poland|3rd Partition]] |
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| event1 = fief of the [[ |
| event1 = fief of the [[Ottoman Empire]]<ref>Rozkwit i upadek I Rzeczypospolitej, pod redakcją Richarda Butterwicka, Warszawa 2010, s. 28.</ref> |
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| date_event1 = 1672-1676 |
| date_event1 = 1672-1676 |
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| event2 = [[ |
| event2 = [[Protectorate]] of the [[Russian Empire]] |
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| date_event2 = 1768 |
| date_event2 = 1768 |
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| event3 = [[First Partition of Poland|1st Partition]] |
| event3 = [[First Partition of Poland|1st Partition]] |
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Baris 33: | Baris 33: | ||
| date_event4 = January 23, 1793 |
| date_event4 = January 23, 1793 |
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| image_flag = Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg |
| image_flag = Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg |
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| flag = |
| flag = Banner of Poland |
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| flag_type = |
| flag_type = Royal Banner (c. 1605) |
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| flag_border = no |
| flag_border = no |
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| image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg |
| image_coat = Coat of Arms of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.svg |
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| symbol = |
| symbol = Coat of arms of Poland |
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| symbol_type = |
| symbol_type = Royal Coat of arms |
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| image_map = Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (orthographic projection).svg |
| image_map = Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (orthographic projection).svg |
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| image_map_caption = |
| image_map_caption = The location of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at its maximum extent |
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| government_type = [[Hereditary Monarchy]]<br/><small>(1569–1573)</small><br/>[[Elective Monarchy]]<br/><small>(1573–1791 / 1792–1795)</small><br/>[[Monarki konsitusional]]<br/><small>(1791–1792)</small> |
| government_type = [[Hereditary Monarchy]]<br/><small>(1569–1573)</small><br/>[[Elective Monarchy]]<br/><small>(1573–1791 / 1792–1795)</small><br/>[[Monarki konsitusional]]<br/><small>(1791–1792)</small> |
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| legislature = [[General Sejm]] |
| legislature = [[General Sejm]] |
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| house1 = [[ |
| house1 = [[Senate of Poland#History|Senate]] |
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| type_house1 = Privy Council |
| type_house1 = Privy Council |
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| title_leader = [[List of Polish monarchs|King]] / [[List of rulers of Lithuania|Grand Duke]] |
| title_leader = [[List of Polish monarchs|King]] / [[List of rulers of Lithuania|Grand Duke]] |
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Baris 51: | Baris 51: | ||
| year_leader2 = 1764–1795 |
| year_leader2 = 1764–1795 |
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| religion = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; |
| religion = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; |
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| title = [[ |
| title = [[#Demographics and religion|See list]]|[[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[state religion]]) | [[Greek Catholic]] | [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] | [[Protestantism]] (various sects) | [[Judaism]] | [[Islam]] (mainly [[Tartars]] and [[Turkish people|Turks]])}} |
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| capital = [[Kraków]]<ref name="warsaw-capital-1596"/> & [[Vilnius]]{{Ref label|b|b|none}}<br/>(1569–1596)<br/>[[Warsaw]]<br/>(1596–1795) |
| capital = [[Kraków]]<ref name="warsaw-capital-1596"/> & [[Vilnius]]{{Ref label|b|b|none}}<br/><small>(1569–1596)</small><br/>[[Warsaw]]<br/><small>(1596–1795)</small> |
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| stat_area1 = 815000 |
| stat_area1 = 815000 |
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| stat_pop1 = 6500000 |
| stat_pop1 = 6500000 |
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Baris 59: | Baris 59: | ||
| stat_pop2 = 10500000 |
| stat_pop2 = 10500000 |
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| stat_year2 = 1618 |
| stat_year2 = 1618 |
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| national_motto = Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos<br/>''[[Pro Fide, Lege et Rege]]''( |
| national_motto = {{lang-la|Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos}} (''If God is with us, then who is against us'')<br/>''[[Pro Fide, Lege et Rege]]''<br/>(Latin: ''For Faith, Law and King'', since 18th century) |
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| national_anthem = |
| national_anthem = |
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| common_languages = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; |
| common_languages = {{Collapsible list|titlestyle = font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left; |
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|title=[[ |
|title=[[#Languages|See list]]|[[Polish language|Polish]] | [[Latin]] | [[French language|French]] | [[Chancery Slavonic|Ruthenian]] | [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] | [[German language|German]] | [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] | [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] | [[Italian language|Italian]] | [[Armenian language|Armenian]] | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | (see [[#Languages|Languages]] section for details)}} |
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| today = {{flag|Belarus}}<br/>{{flag|Estonia}}<br/>{{flag|Latvia}}<br/>{{flag|Lithuania}}<br/>{{flag|Moldova}}<br/>{{flag|Poland}}<br/>{{flag|Romania}}<br/>{{flag|Russia}}<br/>{{flag|Slovakia}}<br/>{{flag|Ukraine}} |
| today = {{flag|Belarus}}<br/>{{flag|Estonia}}<br/>{{flag|Latvia}}<br/>{{flag|Lithuania}}<br/>{{flag|Moldova}}<br/>{{flag|Poland}}<br/>{{flag|Romania}}<br/>{{flag|Russia}}<br/>{{flag|Slovakia}}<br/>{{flag|Ukraine}} |
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}} |
}} |
Revisi per 25 Juni 2013 04.49
Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania | |||||||||||||||
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1569–1795 | |||||||||||||||
Semboyan: bahasa Latin: Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos (If God is with us, then who is against us) Pro Fide, Lege et Rege (Latin: For Faith, Law and King, since 18th century) | |||||||||||||||
The location of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at its maximum extent | |||||||||||||||
Ibu kota | Kraków[1] & Vilnius[b] (1569–1596) Warsaw (1596–1795) | ||||||||||||||
Bahasa yang umum digunakan | |||||||||||||||
Agama |
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Pemerintahan | Hereditary Monarchy (1569–1573) Elective Monarchy (1573–1791 / 1792–1795) Monarki konsitusional (1791–1792) | ||||||||||||||
King / Grand Duke | |||||||||||||||
• 1569–1572 | Sigismund II Augustus | ||||||||||||||
• 1764–1795 | Stanisław II Augustus | ||||||||||||||
Legislatif | General Sejm | ||||||||||||||
- Privy Council | Senate | ||||||||||||||
Era Sejarah | Early modern period | ||||||||||||||
1 Juli 1569 | |||||||||||||||
• fief of the Ottoman Empire[2] | 1672-1676 | ||||||||||||||
• Protectorate of the Russian Empire | 1768 | ||||||||||||||
May 3, 1791 | |||||||||||||||
January 23, 1793 | |||||||||||||||
October 24 1795 | |||||||||||||||
Luas | |||||||||||||||
1582 | 815.000 km2 (315.000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
1618 | 1.153.465 km2 (445.355 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
Populasi | |||||||||||||||
• 1582 | 6500000 | ||||||||||||||
• 1618 | 10500000 | ||||||||||||||
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Sekarang bagian dari | Belarus Estonia Latvia Lithuania Moldova Poland Romania Russia Slovakia Ukraine | ||||||||||||||
Persemakmuran Polandia-Lituania, Republik Dua Bangsa (Polandia: Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów, Lituania: Žečpospolita atau Abiejų tautų respublika, Belarus: Рэч Паспалітая or Рэч Паспалітая Абодвух Народаў, Latin: Regnum Serenissima Poloniae) adalah sebuah monarki federal yang dibentuk oleh Kerajaan Polandia dan Kadipaten Agung Lituania pada 1569, dan bertahan sampai tahun 1795.
Persemakmuran ini merupakan kelanjutan Uni Polandia-Lituania, sebuah uni pribadi antara kedua entitas politik ini yang ada sejak tahun 1386. Persemakmuran ini merupakan salah satu Negara yang terbesar dan paling banyak penduduknya di Eropa dan untuk dua abad bisa secara sukses mempertahankan diri dan melawan invasi Ordo Teutonik, Kekaisaran Mongolia, Kekaisaran Rusia, Kekaisaran Ottoman dan Swedia.
Persemakmuran ini terkenal karena sistem politiknya yang sudah mirip dengan sebuah demokrasi modern dan merupakan sistem federasi. Selain itu toleransi antar agama bisa dibanggakan pula. Selain mereka memiliki konstitusi tertulis tertua kedua di dunia.
Persemakmuran ini akhirnya hilang dan wilayahnya dibagi-bagi antara Kekaisaran Rusia, Prusia dan Austria pada 1795.
- Lihat artikel Pembagian Polandia untuk lengkapnya.
Leburnya Persemakmuran Polandia-Lithuania
Akhirnya persemakmuran ini kurang tangguh menghadapi serangan negara-negara tetangganya mulai kira-kira awal abad ke-17 sampai akhirnya menghilang sama sekali dari peta Eropa pada tahun 1795. Polandia dan Lituania sebagai negara merdeka baru muncul kembali pada tahun 1918. Sementara itu Lituania merdeka kembali diduduki oleh Jerman Nazi dan Uni Soviet pada tahun 1941 dan 1945. Lituania menjadi benar-benar merdeka baru pada tahun 1992 ketika Uni Soviet sendiri benar-benar lebur.
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