Aksara Limbu: Perbedaan antara revisi

Limbu
Limbu;
Jenis aksara	Abugida
Bahasa	Limbu
Periode	c. 1740–present
Daerah	Nepal and Eastern India
Arah penulisan	Kiri ke kanan
Aksara terkait
Silsilah	Proto-Sinaitic alphabet [a] Phoenician alphabet [a] Aramaic alphabet [a] Brāhmī Gupta Siddhaṃ Tibetan Lepcha Limbu; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
ISO 15924
ISO 15924	Limb, 336 , Limbu
Pengkodean Unicode
Nama Unicode	Limbu
Rentang Unicode	U+1900–U+194F
	[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.[butuh rujukan]
	Artikel ini mengandung transkripsi fonetik dalam Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA). Untuk bantuan dalam membaca simbol IPA, lihat Bantuan:IPA. Untuk penjelasan perbedaan [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, Lihat IPA § Tanda kurung dan delimitasi transkripsi.

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Sebaris

Revisi per 20 Maret 2012 12.05

The Limbu script digunakan untuk menulis Bahasa Limbu. Tulisan limbu adalah sebuah abugida diturunkan dari Huruf Tibet.^[1]

Sejarah

Sesuai sejarah tradisional, tulisan Limbu pertama kali diciptakan pada akhir Abad ke-9 oleh Raja Sirijonga Haang, kemudian tidak digunakan, kemudian diperkenalkan kembali pada abad ke-18 oleh Te-ongsi Sirijunga Xin Thebe.

Accounts dengan Sirijonga

Limbu, Lepcha dan Newari adalah bahasa Sino-Tibetan di Himalaya tengah untuk memiliki huruf sendiri. (Sprigg 1959: 590), (Sprigg 1959: 591-592 & MS: 1-4) mengatakan kepada kita bahwa Kiranti atau huruf Limbu dirancang selama periode ekspansi Buddha di Sikkim pada awal abad ke-18 ketika Limbuwan still constituted part of Sikkimese territory. The Kiranti script was probably composed at roughly the same time as the Lepcha script which was by the third King of Sikkim, Phyag-rdor Nam-gyal (ca. 1700-1717). The Kiranti script is ascribed to the Limbu hero, Te-ongsi Sirijunga (translation: Reincarnated Sirijonga; refer to Sirijonga Haang) who was killed by the Tasong monks in conspiracy with the king of Sikkim at the time when Simah Pratap Shah was King of Nepal (i.e. 11 January 1775 to 17 November 1777; Stiller 141,153). Both Kiranti and Lepcha were ostensibly devised with the intent of furthering the spread Buddhism. However, Sirijanga was a Limbu Buddhist who had studied under Sikkimese high Lamas. Sirijanga was given the title 'the Dorje Lama of Yangrup'.

The language and script's influential structure are mixture of Tibetan and Devanagari. Unlike most other Brahmic scripts, it does not have separate independent vowel characters, instead using a vowel carrier letter with the appropriate dependent vowel attached.

Structure

Sebagai sebuah abugida, a basic letter represents both a consonant and an inherent, or default, vowel. In Limbu, the inherent vowel is /ɔ/.

Letter	IPA	Notes
ᤁ	/kɔ/
ᤂ	/kʰɔ/
ᤃ	/ɡɔ/
ᤄ	/ɡʱɔ/
ᤅ	/ŋɔ/
ᤆ	/cɔ/
ᤇ	/cʰɔ/
ᤈ	/ɟɔ/
ᤉ	/ɟʱɔ/	Obsolete in modern Limbu.
ᤊ	/ɲɔ/	Obsolete in modern Limbu.
ᤋ	/tɔ/
ᤌ	/tʰɔ/
ᤍ	/dɔ/
ᤎ	/dʱɔ/
ᤏ	/nɔ/
ᤐ	/pɔ/
ᤑ	/pʰɔ/
ᤒ	/bɔ/
ᤓ	/bʱɔ/
ᤔ	/mɔ/
ᤕ	/jɔ/
ᤖ	/rɔ/
ᤗ	/lɔ/
ᤘ	/wɔ/
ᤙ	/ʃɔ/
ᤚ	/ʂɔ/	Obsolete in modern Limbu.
ᤛ	/sɔ/
ᤜ	/hɔ/

To change the inherent vowel, a diacritic is added. Shown here on /k/ (ᤁ):

Appearance	IPA
ᤁᤡ	/ki/
ᤁᤣ	/ke/
ᤁᤧ	/kɛ/
ᤁᤠ	/ka/
ᤁᤨ	/kɔ/
ᤁᤥ	/ko/
ᤁᤢ	/ku/
ᤁᤤ	/kai/
ᤁᤦ	/kau/

ᤁᤨ represents the same thing as ᤁ. Some writers avoid the diacritic, considering it redundant.

Initial consonant clusters are written with small marks following the main consonant:

Appearance	IPA
ᤁᤩ	/kjɔ/
ᤁᤪ	/krɔ/
ᤁᤫ	/kwɔ/

Final consonants after short vowels are written with another set of marks, except for some final consonants occurring only in loanwords. They follow the marks for consonant clusters, if any.

Appearance	IPA
ᤁᤰ	/kɔk/
ᤁᤱ	/kɔŋ/
ᤁᤳ	/kɔt/
ᤁᤴ	/kɔn/
ᤁᤵ	/kɔp/
ᤁᤶ	/kɔm/
ᤁᤷ	/kɔr/
ᤁᤸ	/kɔl/

Long vowels without a following final consonant are written with a diacritic called kemphreng:

Appearance	IPA
ᤁ᤺	/kɔː/
ᤁᤡ᤺	/kiː/
ᤁᤣ᤺	/keː/
ᤁᤧ᤺	/kɛː/
ᤁᤠ᤺	/kaː/
ᤁᤨ᤺	/kɔː/
ᤁᤥ᤺	/koː/
ᤁᤢ᤺	/kuː/

There are two systems for writing long vowels with syllable-final consonants. One system is simply a combination of the kemphreng and final consonant marks:

Appearance	IPA
ᤁ᤺ᤰ	/kɔːk/
ᤁ᤺ᤱ	/kɔːŋ/
ᤁ᤺ᤳ	/kɔːt/
ᤁ᤺ᤴ	/kɔːn/
ᤁ᤺ᤵ	/kɔːp/
ᤁ᤺ᤶ	/kɔːm/
ᤁ᤺ᤷ	/kɔːr/
ᤁ᤺ᤸ	/kɔːl/

The other is to write the final consonant with the basic letter, and a diacritic that marks both that the consonant is final, and that the preceding vowel is lengthened:

Appearance	IPA
ᤁᤁ᤻	/kɔːk/
ᤁᤅ᤻	/kɔːŋ/
ᤁᤋ᤻	/kɔːt/
ᤁᤏ᤻	/kɔːn/
ᤁᤐ᤻	/kɔːp/
ᤁᤔ᤻	/kɔːm/
ᤁᤖ᤻	/kɔːr/
ᤁᤗ᤻	/kɔːl/

This same diacritic may be used to mark final consonants in loanwords that do not have final forms in Limbu, regardless of the length of the vowel.

Glottalization is marked by a sign called mukphreng.

Appearance	IPA
ᤁ᤹	/kɔʔ/

Referensi

^ Bright, Peter T. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press.

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[Daniels-1] Bright, Peter T. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press.

[1]

@@ Baris 27: / Baris 27: @@
 ===Accounts dengan Sirijonga===
-[[Limbu]], [[Bahasa Lepcha|Lepcha]] dan [[Newari]] adalah bahasa [[Sino-Tibetan]] di [[Himalaya]] tengah untuk memiliki huruf sendiri. <small>(Sprigg 1959: 590)</small><small>, (Sprigg 1959: 591-592 & MS: 1-4)</small> mengatakan kepada kita bahwa [[Kiranti]] atau huruf [[Limbu]] dirancang selama periode ekspansi [[Buddha]] di [[Sikkim]] in the early 18th century when [[Limbuwan]] still constituted part of Sikkimese territory. The [[Kiranti]] script was probably composed at roughly the same time as the [[Lepcha script]] which was by the third King of Sikkim, Phyag-rdor Nam-gyal (ca. 1700-1717). The Kiranti script is ascribed to the [[Limbu]] hero, Te-ongsi Sirijunga (translation: ''Reincarnated Sirijonga''; refer to Sirijonga Haang) who was killed by the Tasong monks in conspiracy with the king of Sikkim at the time when Simah Pratap Shah was King of [[Nepal]] (i.e. 11 January 1775 to 17 November 1777; <small>Stiller 141,153</small>). Both [[Kiranti]] and Lepcha were ostensibly devised with the intent of furthering the spread [[Buddhism]]. However, Sirijanga was a Limbu Buddhist who had studied under Sikkimese high Lamas. Sirijanga was given the title 'the [[Dorje]] [[Lama]] of Yangrup'.
+[[Limbu]], [[Bahasa Lepcha|Lepcha]] dan [[Newari]] adalah bahasa [[Sino-Tibetan]] di [[Himalaya]] tengah untuk memiliki huruf sendiri. <small>(Sprigg 1959: 590)</small><small>, (Sprigg 1959: 591-592 & MS: 1-4)</small> mengatakan kepada kita bahwa [[Kiranti]] atau huruf [[Limbu]] dirancang selama periode ekspansi [[Buddha]] di [[Sikkim]] pada awal [[abad ke-18]] ketika [[Limbuwan]] still constituted part of Sikkimese territory. The [[Kiranti]] script was probably composed at roughly the same time as the [[Lepcha script]] which was by the third King of Sikkim, Phyag-rdor Nam-gyal (ca. 1700-1717). The Kiranti script is ascribed to the [[Limbu]] hero, Te-ongsi Sirijunga (translation: ''Reincarnated Sirijonga''; refer to Sirijonga Haang) who was killed by the Tasong monks in conspiracy with the king of Sikkim at the time when Simah Pratap Shah was King of [[Nepal]] (i.e. 11 January 1775 to 17 November 1777; <small>Stiller 141,153</small>). Both [[Kiranti]] and Lepcha were ostensibly devised with the intent of furthering the spread [[Buddhism]]. However, Sirijanga was a Limbu Buddhist who had studied under Sikkimese high Lamas. Sirijanga was given the title 'the [[Dorje]] [[Lama]] of Yangrup'.
 The language and script's influential structure are mixture of [[Tibetan script|Tibetan]] and [[Devanagari]]. Unlike most other Brahmic scripts, it does not have separate independent [[vowel]] characters, instead using a vowel carrier letter with the appropriate dependent vowel attached.