Ester (kimia): Perbedaan antara revisi

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Dalam [[kimia]], '''ester''' adalah suatu [[senyawa organik]] yang terbentuk melalui penggantian satu (atau lebih) atom [[hidrogen]] pada [[gugus fungsional|gugus]] [[hidroksil]] dengan suatu gugus organik (biasa dilambangkan dengan '''R''''). Asam oksigen adalah suatu asam yang [[molekul]]nya memiliki gugus [[hidroksida|-OH]] yang hidrogennya (H) dapat menjadi [[ion]] H+.
Dalam [[kimia]], '''ester''' adalah suatu [[senyawa organik]] yang terbentuk melalui penggantian satu (atau lebih) atom [[hidrogen]] pada [[gugus fungsional|gugus]] [[hidroksil]] dengan suatu gugus organik (biasa dilambangkan dengan '''R''''). Asam oksigen adalah suatu asam yang [[molekul]]nya memiliki gugus [[hidroksida|-OH]] yang hidrogennya (H) dapat menjadi [[ion]] H+.

==Senyawa-senyawa ester ==
Banyak ester memiliki bau seperti bau buah-bauahn, sehingga banyak senyawanya dijadikan perasa dan aroma buatan.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! valign="top" align="left"| Nama ester
! valign="top" | Struktur
! valign="top" align="left" | Bau atau terdapat di
|-
| [[Alil heksanoat]]
| [[Image:Prop-2-enyl hexanoate.png|75px]]
| [[nanas]]
|-
| [[Benzil asetat]]
| [[Image:Benzyl acetate-structure.svg|75px]]
| [[pir]], [[stroberi]], [[melati]]
|-
| [[Bornil asetat]]
| [[Image:Bornylacetate.svg|50px]]
| [[pine]]
|-
| [[Butil butirat]]
| [[Image:Butyl butyrate.png|75px]]
|| [[nanas]]
|-
| [[Etil asetat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl-acetate-2D-skeletal.png|75px]]
| [[penghilang cat kuku]], cat pada mainan, [[lem]]
|-
| [[Etil butirat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl butyrate.png|75px]]
| [[pisang]], [[nanas]], [[stroberi]]
|-
| [[Etil heksanoat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl hexanoate.png|75px]]
| [[nanas]]
|-
| [[Etil sinamat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl cinnamate.png|75px]]
| [[kulit manis]]
|-
| [[Etil format]]
| [[Image:Ethyl methanoate.png|75px]]
| [[lemon]], [[rum]], [[stroberi]]
|-
| [[Etil heptanoat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl heptanoate.png|75px]]
| [[aprikot]], [[ceri]], [[anggur]], [[raspberi]]
|-
| [[Etil isovalerat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl isovalerate.png|75px]]
| [[apel]]
|-
| [[Etil laktat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl lactate.png|75px]]
| [[mentega]], [[krim]]
|-
| [[Etil nonanoat]]
| [[Image:Ethyl nonanoate.png|75px]]
| [[anggur]]
|-
| [[Ethyl pentanoate]]
| [[Image:Ethyl valerate.png|75px]]
| [[apple]]
|-
| [[Geranyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Geranyl acetate.png|75px]]
| [[Pelargonium|geranium]]
|-
| [[Geranyl butyrate]]
| [[Image:Geranyl butyrate.png|75px]]
| [[cherry]]
|-
| [[Geranyl pentanoate]]
| [[Image:Geranyl pentanoate.svg|75px]]
| [[apple]]
|-
| [[Isobutyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Isobutyl acetate.png|75px]]
| [[cherry]], [[raspberry]], [[strawberry]]
|-
| [[Isobutyl formate]]
| [[Image:Isobutyl formate.svg|75px]]
| [[raspberry]]
|-
| [[Isoamyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Isoamyl acetate.png|75px]]
| [[pear]], [[banana]] (flavoring in [[Pear drop]]s)
|-
| [[Isopropyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Isopropyl acetate.png|75px]]
| fruity
|-
| [[Linalyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Linalyl acetate.png|75px]]
| [[lavender]], [[Common sage|sage]]
|-
| [[Linalyl butyrate]]
| [[Image:Linalyl butyrate.png|75px]]
| [[peach]]
|-
| [[Linalyl formate]]
| [[Image:Linalyl formate.png|75px]]
| [[apple]], [[peach]]
|-
| [[Methyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Methyl acetate.png|75px]]
| [[glue]]
|-
| [[Methyl anthranilate]]
| [[Image:Methyl anthranilate.png|75px]]
| [[grape]], [[jasmine]]
|-
| [[Methyl benzoate]]
| [[Image:Methyl benzoate.png|75px]]
| fruity, [[ylang ylang]], [[feijoa]]
|-
| [[Methyl butyrate]] (methyl butanoate)
|<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Methyl butyrate.png|75px]] -->
| [[pineapple]], [[apple]], [[strawberry]]
|-
| [[Methyl cinnamate]]
| [[Image:methyl cinnamate.png|75px]]
| [[strawberry]]
|-
| [[Methyl pentanoate]] (methyl valerate)
| [[Image:Methyl pentanoate.png|75px]]
| [[flower]]y
|-
| [[Methyl phenylacetate]]
| [[Image:Methyl phenylacetate.png|75px]]
| [[honey]]
|-
| [[Methyl salicylate]] ([[oil of wintergreen]])
| [[Image:Salicylic acid methyl ester chemical structure.png|75px]]
| Modern [[root beer]], [[wintergreen]], [[Germolene]] and [[Ralgex]] ointments (UK)
|-
| [[Nonyl caprylate]]
| [[Image:Nonyl caprylate.png|75px]]
| [[orange (fruit)|orange]]
|-
| [[Octyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Ocyl acetate.png|75px]]
| fruity-[[orange (fruit)|orange]]
|-
| [[Octyl butyrate]]
| [[Image:Octyl butyrate.png|75px]]
| [[parsnip]]
|-
| [[Amyl acetate]] (pentyl acetate)
| [[Image:Amyl acetate.png|75px]]
| [[apple]], [[banana]]
|-
| [[Pentyl butyrate]] (amyl butyrate)
| [[Image:Pentyl butyrate.png|75px]]
| [[apricot]], [[pear]], [[pineapple]]
|-
| [[Pentyl hexanoate]] (amyl caproate)
| [[Image:Pentyl hexanoate.png|75px]]
| [[apple]], [[pineapple]]
|-
| [[Pentyl pentanoate]] (amyl valerate)
| [[Image:Pentyl pentanoate.png|75px]]
| [[apple]]
|-
| [[Propyl acetate]]
| [[Image:Propylethanoate.svg|75px]]
| [[pear]]
|-
| [[Propyl hexanoate]]
| [[Image:Propyl hexanoate.svg|75px]]
| [[blackberry]], [[pineapple]], [[cheese]], [[wine]]
|-
| [[Propyl isobutyrate]]
| [[Image:Propylisobutyrate.svg|75px]]
| [[rum]]
|-
| [[Terpenyl butyrate]]
| [[Image:Terpenyl butyrate.png|75px]]
| | [[cherry]]
|}


== Pranala luar ==
== Pranala luar ==

Revisi per 4 Desember 2011 01.11

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Ester (kimia) (disambiguasi).
Formula umum ester karboksilat

Dalam kimia, ester adalah suatu senyawa organik yang terbentuk melalui penggantian satu (atau lebih) atom hidrogen pada gugus hidroksil dengan suatu gugus organik (biasa dilambangkan dengan R'). Asam oksigen adalah suatu asam yang molekulnya memiliki gugus -OH yang hidrogennya (H) dapat menjadi ion H+.

Senyawa-senyawa ester

Banyak ester memiliki bau seperti bau buah-bauahn, sehingga banyak senyawanya dijadikan perasa dan aroma buatan.

Nama ester Struktur Bau atau terdapat di
Alil heksanoat nanas
Benzil asetat pir, stroberi, melati
Bornil asetat Berkas:Bornylacetate.svg pine
Butil butirat Berkas:Butyl butyrate.png nanas
Etil asetat penghilang cat kuku, cat pada mainan, lem
Etil butirat pisang, nanas, stroberi
Etil heksanoat nanas
Etil sinamat kulit manis
Etil format lemon, rum, stroberi
Etil heptanoat aprikot, ceri, anggur, raspberi
Etil isovalerat apel
Etil laktat mentega, krim
Etil nonanoat anggur
Ethyl pentanoate apple
Geranyl acetate geranium
Geranyl butyrate Berkas:Geranyl butyrate.png cherry
Geranyl pentanoate apple
Isobutyl acetate Berkas:Isobutyl acetate.png cherry, raspberry, strawberry
Isobutyl formate raspberry
Isoamyl acetate pear, banana (flavoring in Pear drops)
Isopropyl acetate Berkas:Isopropyl acetate.png fruity
Linalyl acetate lavender, sage
Linalyl butyrate peach
Linalyl formate Berkas:Linalyl formate.png apple, peach
Methyl acetate glue
Methyl anthranilate grape, jasmine
Methyl benzoate fruity, ylang ylang, feijoa
Methyl butyrate (methyl butanoate) pineapple, apple, strawberry
Methyl cinnamate strawberry
Methyl pentanoate (methyl valerate) flowery
Methyl phenylacetate honey
Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) Modern root beer, wintergreen, Germolene and Ralgex ointments (UK)
Nonyl caprylate Berkas:Nonyl caprylate.png orange
Octyl acetate fruity-orange
Octyl butyrate parsnip
Amyl acetate (pentyl acetate) apple, banana
Pentyl butyrate (amyl butyrate) apricot, pear, pineapple
Pentyl hexanoate (amyl caproate) apple, pineapple
Pentyl pentanoate (amyl valerate) apple
Propyl acetate Berkas:Propylethanoate.svg pear
Propyl hexanoate blackberry, pineapple, cheese, wine
Propyl isobutyrate Berkas:Propylisobutyrate.svg rum
Terpenyl butyrate cherry

Pranala luar

Ikon rintisan

Artikel bertopik kimia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

Diperoleh dari "https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ester_(kimia)&oldid=4991464"