Manuel Noriega: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 4: | Baris 4: | ||
|caption=Mugshot of Noriega, after his surrender (1990) |
|caption=Mugshot of Noriega, after his surrender (1990) |
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|order=[[Daftar kepala negara Panama|Pemimpin militer Panama]] |
|order=[[Daftar kepala negara Panama|Pemimpin militer Panama]] |
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|term=12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989<br>({{age in years and days|1983|8|12|1989|12|20}}) |
|term=12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989<br />({{age in years and days|1983|8|12|1989|12|20}}) |
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|president=[[Ricardo de la Espriella]]<br>[[Jorge Illueca]]<br>[[Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino]]<br>[[Eric Arturo Delvalle]]<br>[[Manuel Solís]]<br>[[Francisco Rodríguez]] |
|president=[[Ricardo de la Espriella]]<br />[[Jorge Illueca]]<br />[[Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino]]<br />[[Eric Arturo Delvalle]]<br />[[Manuel Solís]]<br />[[Francisco Rodríguez]] |
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|predecessor=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]] |
|predecessor=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]] |
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|successor=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama) |
|successor=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama) |
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|birth_date={{birth date and age|1934|2|11|df=y}} |
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1934|2|11|df=y}} |
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|birth_place=[[Panama City]], [[Provinsi Panamá|Panamá]]<br/>[[Panama|Republik Panama]] |
|birth_place=[[Panama City]], [[Provinsi Panamá|Panamá]]<br />[[Panama|Republik Panama]] |
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|alma_mater=[[Sekolah Militer Chorrillos]]<br>[[Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation|School of the Americas]] |
|alma_mater=[[Sekolah Militer Chorrillos]]<br />[[Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation|School of the Americas]] |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno'''<ref>Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "[http://www.elsiglo.com/siglov2/Nacion.php?idsec=1&fechaz=29-01-2007&idnews=33933 Noriega: el dictador]." ''[[El Siglo]]''. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref> ({{IPA-es|maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa}}; {{lahirmati||11|2|1934}}) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal [[Panama]]. Ia adalah [[Diktaktor militer]] [[Panama]] dari tahun [[1983]] hingga [[1989]].<ref name="t">{{cite journal |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101880222-148712,00.html |title=Panama Noriega's Money Machine |first=Michael S. |last=Serrill |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2001-01-24}}</ref> |
'''Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno'''<ref>Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "[http://www.elsiglo.com/siglov2/Nacion.php?idsec=1&fechaz=29-01-2007&idnews=33933 Noriega: el dictador]." ''[[El Siglo]]''. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref> ({{IPA-es|maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa}}; {{lahirmati||11|2|1934}}) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal [[Panama]]. Ia adalah [[Diktaktor militer]] [[Panama]] dari tahun [[1983]] hingga [[1989]].<ref name="t">{{cite journal |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101880222-148712,00.html |title=Panama Noriega's Money Machine |first=Michael S. |last=Serrill |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2001-01-24}}</ref> |
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Baris 20: | Baris 20: | ||
* William Blum [http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol1/cia_body.html "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack"] at Foreign Policy in Focus |
* William Blum [http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol1/cia_body.html "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack"] at Foreign Policy in Focus |
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* Cole, Ronald. [http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1220.pdf Grenada, Panama, and Haiti]. United States of America: ''Joint History Office{{ndash}} [[Defense Technical Information Center]], US Department of Defense''. 1998, 1999. |
* Cole, Ronald. [http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1220.pdf Grenada, Panama, and Haiti]. United States of America: ''Joint History Office{{ndash}} [[Defense Technical Information Center]], US Department of Defense''. 1998, 1999. |
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* Dinges, John, ''Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega'', New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN |
* Dinges, John, ''Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega'', New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1950-5 |
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* Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. ''America's Prisoner{{ndash}} The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega''. Random House, 1997. |
* Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. ''America's Prisoner{{ndash}} The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega''. Random House, 1997. |
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* Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. |
* Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. ''In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990''. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1990. |
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* Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. |
* Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. Berkeley: Video Books. ISBN 0-923444-02-5. |
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* Robert C. Harding (2001). ''Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics'', Transaction Publishers. |
* Robert C. Harding (2001). ''Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics'', Transaction Publishers. |
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* Robert C. Harding (2006) ''The History of Panama'', Greenwood Publishing. |
* Robert C. Harding (2006) ''The History of Panama'', Greenwood Publishing. |
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Baris 34: | Baris 34: | ||
* [http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/12/04/noriega.stroke/index.html Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami (CNN.com)] |
* [http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/12/04/noriega.stroke/index.html Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami (CNN.com)] |
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* [http://www.thislife.org/radio-archives/episode/246/My-Pen-Pal ''My Pen Pal''], the story of [[Sarah York]], a girl from a small [[Michigan]] town who was a pen pal with Noriega, beginning c. 1988. |
* [http://www.thislife.org/radio-archives/episode/246/My-Pen-Pal ''My Pen Pal''], the story of [[Sarah York]], a girl from a small [[Michigan]] town who was a pen pal with Noriega, beginning c. 1988. |
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* [http://www.arm.org/noriega.htm |
* [http://www.arm.org/noriega.htm ''The Conversion of Manuel Noriega''], American Rehabilitation Ministries. Noriega's profession of faith in Jesus Christ and his baptism in 1992 are chronicled. |
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* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IAV/is_1_90/ai_70777165 The Battle for Coco Solo Panama, 1989] Analysis by former USMA faculty member and Academy graduate |
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IAV/is_1_90/ai_70777165 The Battle for Coco Solo Panama, 1989] Analysis by former USMA faculty member and Academy graduate |
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Baris 43: | Baris 43: | ||
|before=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]] |
|before=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]] |
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|after=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama) |
|after=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama) |
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|years= |
|years=1983–1989}} |
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{{lifetime|1934||}} |
{{lifetime|1934||}} |
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[[ar:مانويل نورييغا]] |
[[ar:مانويل نورييغا]] |
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[[be-x-old:Мануэль Нар'еґа]] |
[[be-x-old:Мануэль Нар'еґа]] |
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[[de:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[de:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[en:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[en:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[eo:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[eo:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[eu:Manuel Antonio Noriega]] |
[[eu:Manuel Antonio Noriega]] |
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[[fr:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[fr:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[hr:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[hr:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[io:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[io:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[it:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[it:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[lt:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[lt:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[mr:मनुएल नोरिगा]] |
[[mr:मनुएल नोरिगा]] |
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[[nl:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[nl:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[no:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[no:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[pl:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[pl:Manuel Noriega]] |
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Baris 77: | Baris 78: | ||
[[ru:Норьега, Мануэль]] |
[[ru:Норьега, Мануэль]] |
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[[sr:Мануел Норијега]] |
[[sr:Мануел Норијега]] |
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⚫ | |||
[[sv:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[sv:Manuel Noriega]] |
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[[tr:Manuel Noriega]] |
[[tr:Manuel Noriega]] |
Revisi per 20 Juli 2010 10.13
Manuel Noriega | |
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Pemimpin militer Panama | |
Masa jabatan 12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989 (6 tahun, 130 hari) | |
Presiden | Ricardo de la Espriella Jorge Illueca Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino Eric Arturo Delvalle Manuel Solís Francisco Rodríguez |
Informasi pribadi | |
Lahir | 11 Februari 1934 Panama City, Panamá Republik Panama |
Alma mater | Sekolah Militer Chorrillos School of the Americas |
Sunting kotak info • L • B |
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno[1] (pengucapan bahasa Spanyol: [maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa]; lahir 11 Februari 1934) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal Panama. Ia adalah Diktaktor militer Panama dari tahun 1983 hingga 1989.[2]
Referensi
- ^ Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "Noriega: el dictador." El Siglo. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
- ^ Serrill, Michael S. (2001-01-24). "Panama Noriega's Money Machine". Time.
Bacaan lanjutan
- William Blum "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack" at Foreign Policy in Focus
- Cole, Ronald. Grenada, Panama, and Haiti. United States of America: Joint History Office– Defense Technical Information Center, US Department of Defense. 1998, 1999.
- Dinges, John, Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega, New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1950-5
- Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. America's Prisoner– The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. Random House, 1997.
- Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1990.
- Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. Berkeley: Video Books. ISBN 0-923444-02-5.
- Robert C. Harding (2001). Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics, Transaction Publishers.
- Robert C. Harding (2006) The History of Panama, Greenwood Publishing.
Pranala luar
- Description of 1989 raid on Patilla airport, resulting in deaths of US Navy SEALs
- 1989 Report on the situation of human rights in Panama by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
- R.M. Koster's response to claims made in Noriega's biography
- Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami (CNN.com)
- My Pen Pal, the story of Sarah York, a girl from a small Michigan town who was a pen pal with Noriega, beginning c. 1988.
- The Conversion of Manuel Noriega, American Rehabilitation Ministries. Noriega's profession of faith in Jesus Christ and his baptism in 1992 are chronicled.
- The Battle for Coco Solo Panama, 1989 Analysis by former USMA faculty member and Academy graduate
Jabatan militer | ||
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Didahului oleh: Rubén Darío Paredes |
Pemimpin militer Panama 1983–1989 |
Diteruskan oleh: Guillermo Endara (sebagai Presiden Panama) |