Manuel Noriega: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Baris 4: Baris 4:
|caption=Mugshot of Noriega, after his surrender (1990)
|caption=Mugshot of Noriega, after his surrender (1990)
|order=[[Daftar kepala negara Panama|Pemimpin militer Panama]]
|order=[[Daftar kepala negara Panama|Pemimpin militer Panama]]
|term=12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989<br>({{age in years and days|1983|8|12|1989|12|20}})
|term=12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989<br />({{age in years and days|1983|8|12|1989|12|20}})
|president=[[Ricardo de la Espriella]]<br>[[Jorge Illueca]]<br>[[Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino]]<br>[[Eric Arturo Delvalle]]<br>[[Manuel Solís]]<br>[[Francisco Rodríguez]]
|president=[[Ricardo de la Espriella]]<br />[[Jorge Illueca]]<br />[[Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino]]<br />[[Eric Arturo Delvalle]]<br />[[Manuel Solís]]<br />[[Francisco Rodríguez]]
|predecessor=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]]
|predecessor=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]]
|successor=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama)
|successor=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama)
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1934|2|11|df=y}}
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1934|2|11|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Panama City]], [[Provinsi Panamá|Panamá]]<br/>[[Panama|Republik Panama]]
|birth_place=[[Panama City]], [[Provinsi Panamá|Panamá]]<br />[[Panama|Republik Panama]]
|alma_mater=[[Sekolah Militer Chorrillos]]<br>[[Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation|School of the Americas]]
|alma_mater=[[Sekolah Militer Chorrillos]]<br />[[Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation|School of the Americas]]
}}
}}
'''Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno'''<ref>Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "[http://www.elsiglo.com/siglov2/Nacion.php?idsec=1&fechaz=29-01-2007&idnews=33933 Noriega: el dictador]." ''[[El Siglo]]''. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref> ({{IPA-es|maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa}}; {{lahirmati||11|2|1934}}) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal [[Panama]]. Ia adalah [[Diktaktor militer]] [[Panama]] dari tahun [[1983]] hingga [[1989]].<ref name="t">{{cite journal |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101880222-148712,00.html |title=Panama Noriega's Money Machine |first=Michael S. |last=Serrill |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2001-01-24}}</ref>
'''Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno'''<ref>Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "[http://www.elsiglo.com/siglov2/Nacion.php?idsec=1&fechaz=29-01-2007&idnews=33933 Noriega: el dictador]." ''[[El Siglo]]''. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.</ref> ({{IPA-es|maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa}}; {{lahirmati||11|2|1934}}) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal [[Panama]]. Ia adalah [[Diktaktor militer]] [[Panama]] dari tahun [[1983]] hingga [[1989]].<ref name="t">{{cite journal |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101880222-148712,00.html |title=Panama Noriega's Money Machine |first=Michael S. |last=Serrill |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=2001-01-24}}</ref>
Baris 20: Baris 20:
* William Blum [http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol1/cia_body.html "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack"] at Foreign Policy in Focus
* William Blum [http://www.fpif.org/briefs/vol1/cia_body.html "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack"] at Foreign Policy in Focus
* Cole, Ronald. [http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1220.pdf Grenada, Panama, and Haiti]. United States of America: ''Joint History Office{{ndash}} [[Defense Technical Information Center]], US Department of Defense''. 1998, 1999.
* Cole, Ronald. [http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1220.pdf Grenada, Panama, and Haiti]. United States of America: ''Joint History Office{{ndash}} [[Defense Technical Information Center]], US Department of Defense''. 1998, 1999.
* Dinges, John, ''Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega'', New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN 0812919505
* Dinges, John, ''Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega'', New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1950-5
* Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. ''America's Prisoner{{ndash}} The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega''. Random House, 1997.
* Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. ''America's Prisoner{{ndash}} The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega''. Random House, 1997.
* Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. ''In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990''. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1990.
* Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. ''In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990''. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1990.
* Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. Berkeley: Video Books. ISBN 0-923444-02-5.
* Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. Berkeley: Video Books. ISBN 0-923444-02-5.
* Robert C. Harding (2001). ''Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics'', Transaction Publishers.
* Robert C. Harding (2001). ''Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics'', Transaction Publishers.
* Robert C. Harding (2006) ''The History of Panama'', Greenwood Publishing.
* Robert C. Harding (2006) ''The History of Panama'', Greenwood Publishing.
Baris 34: Baris 34:
* [http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/12/04/noriega.stroke/index.html Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami (CNN.com)]
* [http://www.cnn.com/2004/US/12/04/noriega.stroke/index.html Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami (CNN.com)]
* [http://www.thislife.org/radio-archives/episode/246/My-Pen-Pal ''My Pen Pal''], the story of [[Sarah York]], a girl from a small [[Michigan]] town who was a pen pal with Noriega, beginning c. 1988.
* [http://www.thislife.org/radio-archives/episode/246/My-Pen-Pal ''My Pen Pal''], the story of [[Sarah York]], a girl from a small [[Michigan]] town who was a pen pal with Noriega, beginning c. 1988.
* [http://www.arm.org/noriega.htm ''The Conversion of Manuel Noriega''], American Rehabilitation Ministries. Noriega's profession of faith in Jesus Christ and his baptism in 1992 are chronicled.
* [http://www.arm.org/noriega.htm ''The Conversion of Manuel Noriega''], American Rehabilitation Ministries. Noriega's profession of faith in Jesus Christ and his baptism in 1992 are chronicled.
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IAV/is_1_90/ai_70777165 The Battle for Coco Solo Panama, 1989] Analysis by former USMA faculty member and Academy graduate
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IAV/is_1_90/ai_70777165 The Battle for Coco Solo Panama, 1989] Analysis by former USMA faculty member and Academy graduate


Baris 43: Baris 43:
|before=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]]
|before=[[Rubén Darío Paredes]]
|after=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama)
|after=[[Guillermo Endara]] (sebagai Presiden Panama)
|years=1983&ndash;1989}}
|years=1983–1989}}
{{End box}}
{{End box}}


Baris 50: Baris 50:
{{lifetime|1934||}}
{{lifetime|1934||}}


[[ms:Manuel Noriega]]
[[ar:مانويل نورييغا]]
[[ar:مانويل نورييغا]]
[[be-x-old:Мануэль Нар'еґа]]
[[be-x-old:Мануэль Нар'еґа]]
Baris 58: Baris 57:
[[de:Manuel Noriega]]
[[de:Manuel Noriega]]
[[en:Manuel Noriega]]
[[en:Manuel Noriega]]
[[es:Manuel Antonio Noriega]]
[[eo:Manuel Noriega]]
[[eo:Manuel Noriega]]
[[es:Manuel Antonio Noriega]]
[[eu:Manuel Antonio Noriega]]
[[eu:Manuel Antonio Noriega]]
[[fi:Manuel Noriega]]
[[fr:Manuel Noriega]]
[[fr:Manuel Noriega]]
[[he:מנואל נורייגה]]
[[ko:마누엘 노리에가]]
[[hr:Manuel Noriega]]
[[hr:Manuel Noriega]]
[[io:Manuel Noriega]]
[[io:Manuel Noriega]]
[[it:Manuel Noriega]]
[[it:Manuel Noriega]]
[[ja:マヌエル・ノリエガ]]
[[he:מנואל נורייגה]]
[[ka:მანუელ ნორიეგა]]
[[ko:마누엘 노리에가]]
[[lt:Manuel Noriega]]
[[lt:Manuel Noriega]]
[[mr:मनुएल नोरिगा]]
[[mr:मनुएल नोरिगा]]
[[ms:Manuel Noriega]]
[[nl:Manuel Noriega]]
[[nl:Manuel Noriega]]
[[ja:マヌエル・ノリエガ]]
[[ka:მანუელ ნორიეგა]]
[[no:Manuel Noriega]]
[[no:Manuel Noriega]]
[[pl:Manuel Noriega]]
[[pl:Manuel Noriega]]
Baris 77: Baris 78:
[[ru:Норьега, Мануэль]]
[[ru:Норьега, Мануэль]]
[[sr:Мануел Норијега]]
[[sr:Мануел Норијега]]
[[fi:Manuel Noriega]]
[[sv:Manuel Noriega]]
[[sv:Manuel Noriega]]
[[tr:Manuel Noriega]]
[[tr:Manuel Noriega]]

Revisi per 20 Juli 2010 10.13

Manuel Noriega
Mugshot of Noriega, after his surrender (1990)
Pemimpin militer Panama
Masa jabatan
12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989
(6 tahun, 130 hari)
PresidenRicardo de la Espriella
Jorge Illueca
Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino
Eric Arturo Delvalle
Manuel Solís
Francisco Rodríguez
Sebelum
Pengganti
Guillermo Endara (sebagai Presiden Panama)
Informasi pribadi
Lahir11 Februari 1934 (umur 90)
Panama City, Panamá
Republik Panama
Alma materSekolah Militer Chorrillos
School of the Americas
Sunting kotak info
Sunting kotak info • L • B
Bantuan penggunaan templat ini

Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno[1] (pengucapan bahasa Spanyol: [maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa]; lahir 11 Februari 1934) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal Panama. Ia adalah Diktaktor militer Panama dari tahun 1983 hingga 1989.[2]

Referensi

  1. ^ Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "Noriega: el dictador." El Siglo. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
  2. ^ Serrill, Michael S. (2001-01-24). "Panama Noriega's Money Machine". Time. 

Bacaan lanjutan

  • William Blum "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack" at Foreign Policy in Focus
  • Cole, Ronald. Grenada, Panama, and Haiti. United States of America: Joint History Office– Defense Technical Information Center, US Department of Defense. 1998, 1999.
  • Dinges, John, Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega, New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1950-5
  • Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. America's Prisoner– The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. Random House, 1997.
  • Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1990.
  • Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. Berkeley: Video Books. ISBN 0-923444-02-5.
  • Robert C. Harding (2001). Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics, Transaction Publishers.
  • Robert C. Harding (2006) The History of Panama, Greenwood Publishing.

Pranala luar

Jabatan militer
Didahului oleh:
Rubén Darío Paredes
Pemimpin militer Panama
1983–1989
Diteruskan oleh:
Guillermo Endara (sebagai Presiden Panama)