Halusinogen: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Revisi per 9 Juni 2019 21.42

Halusinogen adalah jenis NAPZA yang dapat menimbulkan efek halusinasi yang bersifat mengubah perasaan, pikiran dan seringkali menciptakan daya pandang yang berbeda sehingga seluruh perasaan dapat terganggu.^[1]

Efek dari narkoba bila dikonsumsi dalam sekian dosis tertentu dapat mengakibatkan seseorang menjadi berhalusinasi dengan melihat suatu hal/benda yang sebenarnya tidak ada / tidak nyata contohnya HEROIN dan LSD.

Disisosiatif

^[2] ^[3]

Efek halusinogen pada otak

Sejumlah zat dapat menyebabkan halusinasi yang dapat mengubah persepsi seseorang terhadap realita/kenyataan. Dengan awalnya mengganggu interaksi sel saraf dan serotonin neurotransmiter serotonin. Ini didistribusikan ke seluruh otak dan sumsum tulang belakang, di mana sistem serotonin terlibat dalam pengendalian sistem perilaku, perseptual, dan sistem tubuh. Ini juga mencakup perasaan, sensor lapar, suhu tubuh, perilaku seksual, kontrol otot, dan persepsi sensorik.

Catatan Kaki

^ Makalah tentang narkoba
^ (Inggris) William E. White (1998). "This is your brain on dissociatives". erowid.org. Diakses tanggal 2015.
^ Olney, J.; Labruyere, J; Price, M. (1989). "Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs". Science. 244 (4910): 1360–2. doi:10.1126/science.2660263. PMID 2660263.

Referensi

Stafford, Peter. (2003). Psychedelics. Ronin Publishing, Oakland, California. ISBN 0-914171-18-6.

Artikel bertopik kedokteran atau medis ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] Makalah tentang narkoba

[erowid-2] (Inggris) William E. White (1998). "This is your brain on dissociatives". erowid.org. Diakses tanggal 2015.

[3] Olney, J.; Labruyere, J; Price, M. (1989). "Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs". Science. 244 (4910): 1360–2. doi:10.1126/science.2660263. PMID 2660263.

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@@ Baris 9: / Baris 9: @@
 Banyak pengguna disosiatif dikhawatirkan kemungkinan ''NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity'' (NAN), yang mana disasosiatif dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sel otak. --><ref name="erowid">{{en}} {{cite web | url= http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/dxm/dxm_health1.shtml | title=This is your brain on dissociatives | publisher=erowid.org | |author=William E. White | year=1998 | accessdate=2015 }}</ref> <!--
-Text EnWP : In 1989, [[John Olney]] discovered that neuronal vacuolation and other cytotoxic changes ("lesions") occurred in brains of rats administered NMDA antagonists, including [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] and [[ketamine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Olney |first1=J. |last2=Labruyere |first2=J |last3=Price |first3=M. |title=Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue=4910 |pages=1360–2 |year=1989 |pmid=2660263 |doi=10.1126/science.2660263}}</ref>  Repeated doses of NMDA antagonists led to cellular tolerance and hence continuous exposure to NMDA antagonists did not lead to cumulative neurotoxic effects. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, barbiturates and even diazepam have been found to prevent NAN.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farber |first1=N B |last2=Kim |first2=S H |last3=Dikranian |first3=K |last4=Jiang |first4=X P |last5=Heinkel |first5=C |title=Receptor mechanisms and circuitry underlying NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=32–43 |year=2002 |pmid=11803444 |doi=10.1038/sj/mp/4000912}}</ref> [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]] and [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine|DOB]] have also been found to prevent NAN.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farber, M.d. |first1=N |last2=Hanslick |first2=J |last3=Kirby |first3=C |last4=McWilliams |first4=L |last5=Olney |first5=JW |title=Serotonergic Agents That Activate 5HT2A Receptors Prevent NMDA Antagonist Neurotoxicity |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=57–62 |year=1998 |pmid=9408919 |doi=10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00127-9}}</ref>
+Text EnWP: In 1989, [[John Olney]] discovered that neuronal vacuolation and other cytotoxic changes ("lesions") occurred in brains of rats administered NMDA antagonists, including [[Phencyclidine|PCP]] and [[ketamine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Olney |first1=J. |last2=Labruyere |first2=J |last3=Price |first3=M. |title=Pathological changes induced in cerebrocortical neurons by phencyclidine and related drugs |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue=4910 |pages=1360–2 |year=1989 |pmid=2660263 |doi=10.1126/science.2660263}}</ref>  Repeated doses of NMDA antagonists led to cellular tolerance and hence continuous exposure to NMDA antagonists did not lead to cumulative neurotoxic effects. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, barbiturates and even diazepam have been found to prevent NAN.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farber |first1=N B |last2=Kim |first2=S H |last3=Dikranian |first3=K |last4=Jiang |first4=X P |last5=Heinkel |first5=C |title=Receptor mechanisms and circuitry underlying NMDA antagonist neurotoxicity |journal=Molecular Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=32–43 |year=2002 |pmid=11803444 |doi=10.1038/sj/mp/4000912}}</ref> [[Lysergic acid diethylamide|LSD]] and [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine|DOB]] have also been found to prevent NAN.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Farber, M.d. |first1=N |last2=Hanslick |first2=J |last3=Kirby |first3=C |last4=McWilliams |first4=L |last5=Olney |first5=JW |title=Serotonergic Agents That Activate 5HT2A Receptors Prevent NMDA Antagonist Neurotoxicity |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=57–62 |year=1998 |pmid=9408919 |doi=10.1016/S0893-133X(97)00127-9}}</ref>
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