Kerja paksa: Perbedaan antara revisi
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==Pranala luar== |
==Pranala luar== |
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{{Wiktionary|forced labor}} |
{{Wiktionary|forced labor|Kerja paksa}} |
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{{commons category}} |
{{commons category|forced labor|Kerja paksa}} |
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* [http://www.ungift.org UN.GIFT] — Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking |
* [http://www.ungift.org UN.GIFT] — Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking |
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* [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/issues/forced-labor/ Eliminating Forced Labor] — Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor |
* [http://www.dol.gov/ilab/issues/forced-labor/ Eliminating Forced Labor] — Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor |
Revisi per 3 April 2019 13.12
Kerja paksa adalah melakukan pekerjaan di bawah ancaman sanksi atau hukuman di mana pekerja tidak memiliki kebebasan untuk menyepakati pelaksanaan pekerjaan atau dengan kata lain pekerjaan yang tidak dilakukan dengan suka rela.[1][2] Contoh sanksi hukuman dapat mencakup ancaman kekerasan, atau pembayaran upah ditunda.[2] Penyitaan atau penahan dokumen pribadi pekerja seperti akta kelahiran, ijazah sekolah atau kartu tanda penduduk juga dapat dikategorikan ancaman kerja paksa karena pekerja mungkin tidak bebas untuk meninggalkan pekerjaan mereka atau untuk mencari pekerjaan di tempat lain.[2] Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia telah diatur tentang kebebasan individu untuk memilih pekerjaannya sehingga dengan adanya pengesahan Undang-Undang tersebut tidak ada yang boleh melanggarnya.[2] Indonesia telah mengesahkan dua konvensi ILO mengenai larangan kerja paksa yaitu konvensi kerja paksa No. 29 tahun 1930 (K29), dan konvensi penghapusan kerja paksa No. 15 tahun 1957 (K150).[2] Memaksa seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu pekerjaan yang tidak sesuai dengan kehendak mereka dengan ancaman hukuman dapat menjadi tanda dari kerja paksa.[2] Meskipun paksaan untuk bekerja dilakukan waktu saat kerja biasa atau kerja lembur.[2]
Referensi
Bacaan lanjutan
- Allen, Theodore W. (1994). The Invention of the White Race: Racial Oppression and Social Control. New York: Verso Books. ISBN 978-0-86091-480-8 (cloth) -- ISBN 978-0-86091-660-4 (paper)
- Allen, Theodore W. (1997). The Invention of the White Race: The Origin of Racial Oppression in Anglo-America, 1997. New York: Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-85984-981-1 (cloth) -- ISBN 978-1-85984-076-4 (paper)
- Bales, Kevin. (1999). Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22463-9
- Brass, Tom, Marcel Van Der Linden, and Jan Lucassen. (1993). Free and Unfree Labour. Amsterdam: International Institute for Social History. ISBN 978-3-906756-87-5
- Brass, Tom. (1999). Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates. London: Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7146-4938-2 (cloth) -- ISBN 978-0-7146-4498-1 (paper)
- Brass, Tom and Marcel Van Der Linden. (1997). Free and Unfree Labour: The Debate Continues. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0-8204-3424-7 (cloth)
- Brass, Tom. (2011). Labour Regime Change in the Twenty-First Century: Unfreedom, Capitalism and Primitive Accumulation. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-20247-4.
- Brass, Tom. (2017) Labour Markets, Identities, Controversies: Reviews and Essays, 1982-2016. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-32237-0.
- Blackburn. (1997). The Making of New World Slavery From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800, London: Verso Books. ISBN 978-1-85984-195-2 (paper)
- Blackburn, Robin. (1988). The Overthrow of Colonial Slavery, 1776–1848. London: Verso Books. ISBN 978-0-86091-188-3 (cloth) -- ISBN 978-0-86091-901-8 (paper)
- Hilton, George W. (1960). The Truck System, including a History of the British Truck Acts, 1465-1960. Cambridge: W. Heffer & Sons Ltd. [reprinted by Greenwood Press, London, 1975. ISBN 978-0-837-18130-1]
- Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). Frontier Contact Between Choson Korea and Tokugawa Japan. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1301-8
- Guijarro Morales, A. El Síndrome de la Abuela Esclava. Pandemia del Siglo XXI (The Enslaved Grandmother Syndrome: a 21st-century Pandemic). Grupo Editorial Universitario. Granada, oct 2001. ISBN 978-84-8491-124-1.
- Ruhs, Florian: Foreign Workers in the Second World War. The Ordeal of Slovenians in Germany., in: aventinus nova Nr. 32 [29.05.2011]
- ILO Minimum Estimate of Forced Labour in the World. (2005)
- The Cost of Coercion ILO 2009
- International Labour Office. (2005). A global alliance against forced labour
- Operational Indicators of Trafficking in Human Beings 2009 ILO/SAP-FL
- Lists of indicators of Trafficking in Human Beings 2009 ILO/SAP-FL
- Eradication of forced labour—General Survey concerning the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29), and the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) — ILO 2007
- Forced Labour: Definition, Indicators and Measurement 2004 — ILO
- Stopping Forced Labour 2001 — ILO
Pranala luar
- UN.GIFT — Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking
- Eliminating Forced Labor — Bureau of International Labor Affairs, U.S. Department of Labor
- Slavery in the 21st century—BBC
- Sex trade's reliance on forced labour—BBC
- China's Forced Labour Camps—Laogai Research Foundation
- The ILO Special Action Programme to combat Forced Labour (SAP-FL)
- Alleging Captive Labor, Foreign Students Walk Out of Work-Study Program at Hershey Plant Democracy Now!, September 1, 2011.
- Migrant Workers as Non-Citizens: The Case against Citizenship as a Social Policy Concept, by Donna Baines and Nandita Sharma. Studies in Political Economy 69. Autumn 2002, p. 75.
- Seafood from Slaves - Associated Press investigation of the international Pacific fishing fleet, 2015-2016, winner of the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service