Persediaan uang: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Secondly,when considering supply and demand for money, it is important to distinguish between wealth (for which demand could very well be considered infinite) and money, which is one of many different forms of asset in which to hold wealth, alongside other common forms such as property, stocks, bonds, etc. |
Secondly,when considering supply and demand for money, it is important to distinguish between wealth (for which demand could very well be considered infinite) and money, which is one of many different forms of asset in which to hold wealth, alongside other common forms such as property, stocks, bonds, etc. |
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Lastly, when thinking about the "supply" of money, it is natural to think of the total of notes and coinage in an economy. That, however, is the [[money base]]. Another starting point for the concept of money supply is the total of deposit balances in everyone's bank (and other financial) accounts in an economy (for more precise definitions, see below). The relationship between these two supplies is the ''money multiplier'' |
Lastly, when thinking about the "supply" of money, it is natural to think of the total of notes and coinage in an economy. That, however, is the [[money base]]. Another starting point for the concept of money supply is the total of deposit balances in everyone's bank (and other financial) accounts in an economy (for more precise definitions, see below). The relationship between these two supplies is the ''money multiplier''—basically, the ratio of cash in peoples' wallets to balances in their financial accounts. The gap between the two occurs because of the system of fractional reserve banking. |
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Perhitungan yang lebih luas termasuk uang yang dipegang sebagai sebuah penentu harga. Penghitungan uang yang berbeda memliki definisi teknikal yang berbeda. Penghitungan yang paling umum menggunakan nama M0, M1, M2, dan M3 (dari penjelasan paling sempit sampai luas). Di [[Amerika Serikat]], dijelaskan sebagai berikut: |
Perhitungan yang lebih luas termasuk uang yang dipegang sebagai sebuah penentu harga. Penghitungan uang yang berbeda memliki definisi teknikal yang berbeda. Penghitungan yang paling umum menggunakan nama M0, M1, M2, dan M3 (dari penjelasan paling sempit sampai luas). Di [[Amerika Serikat]], dijelaskan sebagai berikut: |
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* '''M0''': |
* '''M0''': Total dari seluruh uang koin dan kertas yang beredar (yaitu, mata uang) |
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* '''M1''': |
* '''M1''': M0 + jumlah dalam "checking" atau "[[demand deposit account]]" |
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* '''M2''': |
* '''M2''': M1 + jenis simpanan akun lainnya, "[[money market account]]", dan [[sertifikat deposit]] (SD) accounts di bawah AS$100,000. |
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* '''M3''': |
* '''M3''': M2 + seluruh SD lainnya, deposits [[eurodollars]] dan "[[repurchase agreement]]". |
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==Link with inflation== |
==Link with inflation== |
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=== Monetary exchange equation === |
=== Monetary exchange equation === |
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Money supply is important because it is directly linked to [[inflation]] by the "monetary exchange equation": |
Money supply is important because it is directly linked to [[inflation]] by the "monetary exchange equation": |
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[[income velocity of money|velocity]] |
[[income velocity of money|velocity]] × money supply = [[real GDP]] × [[GDP deflator]] |
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where: |
where: |
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*velocity = the number of times per year that money changes hands (if it's a number it's always simply GDP / money supply) |
*velocity = the number of times per year that money changes hands (if it's a number it's always simply GDP / money supply) |
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*[[FDIC]] |
*[[FDIC]] |
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*[[Kapital finansial]] |
*[[Kapital finansial]] |
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*[[ |
*[[Float (money supply)|Float]] |
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*[[Fractional-reserve banking]] |
*[[Fractional-reserve banking]] |
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*[[Inflasi]] |
*[[Inflasi]] |
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== Pranala luar == |
== Pranala luar == |
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===Data=== |
=== Data === |
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*[http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h3/Current/h3.htm Aggregate Reserves Of Depository Institutions And The Monetary Base (H.3)] |
*[http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h3/Current/h3.htm Aggregate Reserves Of Depository Institutions And The Monetary Base (H.3)] |
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*[http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/current/h6.htm Money Stock Measures (H.6)] |
*[http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h6/current/h6.htm Money Stock Measures (H.6)] |
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*[http://www.galmarley.com Popular History of Money and Economics articles] |
*[http://www.galmarley.com Popular History of Money and Economics articles] |
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[[Kategori:Uang]] |
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[[de:Geldmenge]] |
[[de:Geldmenge]] |
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Revisi per 28 Februari 2008 01.06
Persediaan uang, sebuah konsep dalam ekonomi mikro, adalah jumlah uang yang tersedia dalam ekonomi untuk membeli barang, jasa, dan "securities".
Ruang lingkup
Karena uang adalah benda yang dapat digunakan untuk penyelesaian hutang, ada beberapa penghitungan dari persediaan uang. Yang paling sempit (lebih terbatas), hanya menghitung bentuk uang yang dipegang untuk transaksi segera.
Perhitungan yang lebih luas termasuk uang yang dipegang sebagai sebuah penentu harga. Penghitungan uang yang berbeda memliki definisi teknikal yang berbeda. Penghitungan yang paling umum menggunakan nama M0, M1, M2, dan M3 (dari penjelasan paling sempit sampai luas). Di Amerika Serikat, dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
- M0: Total dari seluruh uang koin dan kertas yang beredar (yaitu, mata uang)
- M1: M0 + jumlah dalam "checking" atau "demand deposit account"
- M2: M1 + jenis simpanan akun lainnya, "money market account", dan sertifikat deposit (SD) accounts di bawah AS$100,000.
- M3: M2 + seluruh SD lainnya, deposits eurodollars dan "repurchase agreement".
Lihat juga
- Regulasi bank
- Bank sentral
- Mata uang
- Deposit
- Debt levels and flows
- Ekonomi
- FDIC
- Kapital finansial
- Float
- Fractional-reserve banking
- Inflasi
- Monetarisme
- Uang
- Money base
- Pasar uang
- Money with zero maturity (MZM)
- Reserve requirements
Pranala luar
Data
- Aggregate Reserves Of Depository Institutions And The Monetary Base (H.3)
- Money Stock Measures (H.6)
Artikel
- Do all banks hold reserves, and, if so, where do they hold them? (11/2001)
- What effect does a change in the reserve requirement have on the money supply? (08/2001)
- St. Louis Fed: Monetary Aggregates
- A Brief Economics Primer By John P. Hussman, Ph.D.
- Why the Federal Reserve is Irrelevant By John P. Hussman, Ph.D. August 2001
- Anna J. Schwartz on money supply
- Popular History of Money and Economics articles