Hersch Lauterpacht
| Sir Hersch Lauterpacht | |
|---|---|
| Lahir | 16 Agustus 1897 Zolkiew, Kerajaan Galisia dan Lodomeria, Austria-Hungaria |
| Meninggal | 8 Mei 1960 (umur 62) London, Inggris |
| Pekerjaan | Hakim Mahkamah Internasional |
Sir Hersch Lauterpacht QC (16 Agustus 1897 – 8 Mei 1960) adalah seorang pengacara Polandia-Britania dan hakim Mahkamah Internasional.
Biografi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Hersh Lauterpacht dilahirkan pada tanggal 16 Agustus 1897 di sebuah keluarga Yahudi di kota Zolkiew, Austria-Hungaria (kini di Ukraina) di dekat kota Lemberg. Pada tahun 1911, keluarganya pindah ke Lemberg. Pada tahun 1915, ia masuk ke universitas di Lemberg; tidak diketahui apakah ia berhasil lulus dari universitas ini. Lauterpacht sendiri belakangan menulis bahwa ia tidak bisa ikut ujian akhir karena orang Yahudi tidak boleh lagi masuk ke universitas tersebut. Ia lalu pindah ke Wina, dan lalu ke London, dan akhirnya menjadi seorang pengacara internasional. Ia memperoleh gelar S3 dari London School of Economics pada tahun 1925, dan menulis disertasinya mengenai "Private Law Sources and Analogies of International Law" yang diterbitkan tahun 1927.[1]
Pada tahun 1937, ia telah menulis beberapa buku tentang hukum internasional. Ia membantu jaksa penuntut umum dalam Pengadilan Nurnberg.[2] Lauterpacht menjabat sebagai anggota Komisi Hukum Internasional PBB dari tahun 1952 hingga 1954 dan Hakim Mahkamah Internasional dari tahun 1955 hingga 1960.
Lauterpacht Centre for International Law di Universitas Cambridge dinamai darinya. Lembaga tersebut didirikan oleh anaknya, Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, CBE, QC, yang juga menjadi direktur pertamanya.[3]
Samuel Moyn mengatakan bahwa Hersch adalah salah satu dari segelintir pengacara internasional yang secara aktif memperjuangkan hak asasi manusia pada akhir dasawarsa 1940-an, dan ia telah "mengutuk Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak Asasi Manusia sebagai kekalahan yang memalukan bagi idealisme yang telah diproklamasikan dengan agung".[4]
Karya penting[sunting | sunting sumber]
- The Function of Law in the International Community, Oxford, 1933;
- Recognition in International Law, Cambridge, 1947;
- The Development of International Law by the International Court, London, 1958
- Oppenheim's International Law, Vol. 1, 8th ed., 1958
- Sir Gerald Fitzmaurice, Hersch Lauterpacht – The Scholar as Judge, Part I. 37 British Yearbook of International Law 1-72, 1961; Part II, 38 British Yearbook of International Law 1-84, 1962; Part III, 39 British Yearbook of International Law 133-189, 1963
- Annual Digest and Reports of Public International Law Cases, Vols. 1–16, subsequently continued as International Law Reports, Vols. 17–24
- International Law – The Collected Papers of Hersch Lauterpacht, Vol.5, Edited by Elihu Lauterpacht (Cambridge 2004) as reviewed by H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel, in 99 American Journal of International Law 726-729 (2005)
- The Life of Hersch Lauterpacht (Cambridge November 2010) by Elihu Lauterpacht and ILR Announcement as reviewed by H.E. Former ICJ President Schwebel
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ "Sir Hersch Lauterpacht (1897-1960)". International Judicial Monitor. 1 (5). 2006.
- ^ Oona Hathaway and Scott J. Shapito The internationalists and their plan to outlaw war hlm. 282-4
- ^ "Establishment and Development - Lauterpacht Centre for International Law". Cambridge University. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-02-12. Diakses tanggal 28 June 2012.
- ^ Moyn, Samuel (2014). Human Rights and the Uses of History. New York: Verso. ISBN 9781781682630.
Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Koskenniemi, Martti (2004). "Hersch Lauterpacht (1897–1960)". Dalam Beatson, J.; Zimmermann, R. Jurists Uprooted: German-speaking Émigré Lawyers in Twentieth-century Britain. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 601–661. ISBN 0-19-927058-9.
- Marrus, Michael R. "Three Roads From Nuremberg", Tablet magazine; Nov. 20, 2015.
- Christopher R. Browning, "The Two Different Ways of Looking at Nazi Murder" (review of Philippe Sands, East West Street: On the Origins of "Genocide" and "Crimes Against Humanity", Knopf, 425 pp., $32.50; and Christian Gerlach, The Extermination of the European Jews, Cambridge University Press, 508 pp., $29.99 [paper]), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIII, no. 18 (November 24, 2016), pp. 56–58. Discusses Hersch Lauterpacht's legal concept of "crimes against humanity", contrasted with Rafael Lemkin's legal concept of "genocide". All genocides are crimes against humanity, but not all crimes against humanity are genocides; genocides require a higher standard of proof, as they entail intent to destroy a particular group.
- Sands, Philippe, East West Street, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2016
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Sir Hersch Lauterpacht 1897–1960 and Lauterpacht Centre's Sitemap
- 25th Lauterpacht Centre Anniversary, Cambridge, 11–12 July 2008 and Dinner Speeches of Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel, current President Rosalyn Higgins and Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, CBE QC
- Squire Law Library of Eminent Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, CBE QC and Conversations with Sir Elihu and His Family Photographs
- Sir Hersch Lauterpacht, 8 EJIL 1997 No.2
- H.E. Former ICJ President Stephen M. Schwebel's Memories about Sir Hersch and 8 EJIL 1997 No.2
- Tributes from Hans Kelsen and Lord McNair to Sir Hersch Lauterpacht
- The Theorist as Judge: Hersch Lauterpacht's Concept of the International Judicial Function
- Human Rights and Genocide: The Work of Lauterpacht and Lemkin in Modern International Law
- Shabtai Rosenne, Sir Hersch Lauterpacht's Concept, in Rosenne, An International Law Miscellany, 782–829, 1993
- Sir Elihu Lauterpacht, CBE QC Diarsipkan 2007-07-02 di Wayback Machine. and Who's Who in Public International Law 2007
- TDM Co-Editor Lauterpacht
- The Lauterpacht Centre
- Hersch Lauterpacht Memorial Lectures
- Potret {{{name}}} di National Portrait Gallery, London