Adiabene
Adiabene | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15–116 | |||||||||
 Adiabene sebagai vasal Kerajaan Armenian | |||||||||
| Status | Vasal Kerajaan Armenia, Kekaisaran Parthia, Kekaisaran Sasaniyah | ||||||||
| Ibu kota | Arbela | ||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Siriak Klasik | ||||||||
| Agama | Yudaisme, Kekristenan, Zoroastrianisme, Manichaeisme | ||||||||
| Pemerintahan | Monarki | ||||||||
| Raja | |||||||||
• ? | Izates I | ||||||||
• 25 SM - 36 M | Monobazos | ||||||||
• 5 - 60 M | Izates II[1] | ||||||||
• ? - 116 M | Meharaspes | ||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Zaman Kuno | ||||||||
• Didirikan | 15 | ||||||||
• Dibubarkan | 116 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Adiabene (dari bahasa Yunani Kuno Ἀδιαβηνή, Adiabene, yang berasal dari bahasa Suryani klasik: ܚܕܝܐܒ, Ḥaḏy’aḇ atau Ḥḏay’aḇ, Persia Kuno: Nodshirakan,[2] Armenia: Նոր Շիրական, Nor Shirakan) adalah sebuah kerajaan kuno di Asiria,[3][4][5][6] yang beribu kota di Arbela (kini Arbil, Kurdistan Irak). Penguasanya pindah agama dari Ashurisme menjadi Yudaisme pada abad ke-1.[7] Ratu Helena dari Adiabene (dikenal dalam sumber-sumber Yahudi dengan nama Heleni HaMalka) pindah ke Yerusalem dan kemudian membangun istana untuk dirinya sendiri dan anak-anaknya, Izates bar Monobaz dan Monobaz II, di bagian utara kota Daud dan di sebelah selatan Bait Allah. Menurut Talmud, Helena dan Monbaz banyak menyumbang untuk Kuil Yerusalem.
Populasi[sunting | sunting sumber]
Menurut Pliny, terdapat empat suku di wilayah Adiabene: Orontes, Alani, Azones, dan Silices.[8] Berdasarkan catatan Josephus, terdapat pula orang-orang Yahudi.
Catatan kaki[sunting | sunting sumber]
- ^ Nimmo, Douglas John. "Izates II King of Adiabene's Tree". 8 Juni 2011. geni.com. Diakses tanggal 30 April 2014.
- ^ Richard Nelson Frye, 1984, The history of ancient Iran: Volume 3, Bagian 7 - Halaman 222
- ^ "The Chronicle of Arbela" (PDF).
In 115, the Romans invaded Adiabene and named it Assyria.
- ^ The Biblical Geography of Central Asia: With a General Introduction, Oleh Ern. Frid. Car. Rosenmüller. Halaman 122.
- ^ In Memory of Rabbi and Mrs. Carl Friedman: Studies on the Problem of Tannaim in Babylonia (ca. 130-160 C. E.) Pengarang: Jacob Neusner Sumber: Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research, Vol. 30 (1962), hlm. 79-127.
- ^ Ammianus Marcellinus, another fourth-century writer. In his excursus on the Sasanian Empire he describes Assyria in such a way that there is no mistaking he is talking about lower Mesopotamia (Amm. Marc. XXIII. 6. 15). For Assyria he lists three major cities-Babylon, Ctesiphon and Seleucia (Amm. Marc. xxIII. 6. 23), whereas he refers to Adiabene as 'Assyria priscis temporibus vocitata' (Amm. Marc. xxIII. 6. 20).
- ^ Gottheil, Richard. "Adiabene". Jewish Encyclopedia. Diakses tanggal 8 November 2011.
- ^ Pliny the Elder, The natural history, book VI, chap. 30
Referensi[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Brauer, E., The Jews of Kurdistan, Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1993.
- Solomon Grayzel, A History of the Jews,New York: Mentor, 1968.
- Gottheil, Richard. "Adiabene". Jewish Encyclopedia. Funk and Wagnalls, 1901-1906.; which cites:
- Josephus, Jewish Antiquities xx. 2, § 4;
- idem, Wars of the Jews. ii. 19, § 2; iv. 9, § 11; v. 2, § 2; 3, § 3; 4, § 2; 6, § 1, noting that Josephus probably got his information from Adiabene Jews in Jerusalem (Von Gutschmid, Kleine Schriften, iii. 4).
- Pliny the Elder, Historia Naturalis, v. 66, vi. 44 et seq.
- Ammianus, History, xviii. 7, § 1; xxiii. 6, § 21
- Strabo, Geography, xvi. 745 et seq.
- Brüll, Adiabene, in Jahrbuch i. 58 et seq.
- Grätz, Heinrich, in Monatsschrift, 1877, xxvi. 241 et seq., 289 et seq.
- Von Gutschmid, Gesch. Irans, pp. 140 et seq.
- Schürer, Gesch. ii. 562.
- Josephus, Jewish Antiquities xx. 2, § 4;
Pranala luar[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Bishops of Adiabene
- History of Aramaic (includes references to Adiabene)
- The forced conversion of the Jewish community of Persia and the beginnings of the Kurds
- "Assyria" at Livius.org
- "Arbela" at Livius.org
- Adiabene, Jewish Kingdom of Mesopotamia (different page see above)
- Info from Jewish Encyclopedia
