Televisi digital terestrial
Televisi Terrestrial Digital (DTTV atau DTT) merupakan implementasi teknologi digital untuk menyediakan lebih banyak saluran dan/atau kualitas terbaik gambar dan suara menggunakan penyiaran udara hingga antena (atau udara) konvensional daripada layanan satelit atau kabel. Teknologi yang digunakan adalah ATSC di Amerika Utara dan Korea Selatan, ISDB-T di Jepang dan Brazil, DVB-T di Eropa, Australia, Selandia Baru, Kolombia, Uruguay dan sejumlah negara Afrika, dan DMB-T/H di Cina (termasuk Hong Kong); sisanya belum ditentukan. ISDB-T sama dengan DVB-T dan dapat berbagi parabola dan komponen demodulator.
Perpindahan analog ke digital
Penyiaran transmisi terrestrial digital telah menghasilkan sejumlah negara berencana menghapus siaran analog. Tabel berikut memperlihatkan peluncuran DTT dan penutupan televisi analog di beberapa negara.
- Peluncuran resmi: Tanggal peluncuran resmi televisi terrestrial digital di negara itu, bukan awal siaran percobaan.
- Awal penutupan: Tanggal penutupan besar pertama pemancar analog.
- Akhir penutupan: Tanggal ketika televisi analog dihapus secara resmi.
- Sistem: Sistem transmisi, contohnya DVB-T, ATSC atau ISDB-T.
- Interaktif: Sistem yang digunakan untuk layanan interaktif, seperti MHP dan MHEG-5.
- Kompresi: Standar kompresi video yang digunakan. Kebanyakan sistem menggunakan MPEG-2, tapi H.264/MPEG-4 AVC yang lebih efisien semakin populer di antara jaringan yang meluncurkannya. Beberap negara menggunakan MPEG-2 dan H.264, contohnya Perancis yang menggunakan MPEG-2 untuk siaran bebas definisi standar tapi MPEG-4 untuk siaran HD dan televisi berlangganan.
Negara |
Peluncuran resmi |
Awal penutupan |
Akhir penutupan |
Sistem |
Interaktif |
Kompresi |
Catatan |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | 2004-07-15 | 2012 | DVB-T | MPEG-2 | [1] | ||
Andorra | 2007-09-25 | DVB-T | MHP | [2] | |||
Australia | 2001-01-01 | Pemerintahan baru telah membentuk sebuah Digital Switchover Taskforce [3] | 2013-12-31 | DVB-T (7MHz saluran 6~12 VHF dan 29~69 UHF) |
MHP | MPEG-2 | [4][butuh rujukan] |
Austria | 2006-10-26 | 2007-03-05[5] | DVB-T | MHP | [butuh rujukan] | ||
Belgia | 2002/2003 | 2008-11-03 (Komunitas Flandria) | 2011 (Komunitas Perancis) | DVB-T | None | MPEG-2 | [6] |
Brazil | 2007-12-03 | — | 2016-06-29 | ISDB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [butuh rujukan] | |
Kanada | 2011-08-31 | ATSC | MPEG-2 | [7] | |||
Cina | 2007-2008 | DMB-T/H | [butuh rujukan] | ||||
Kolombia | 2008-08-28 | 2019-12-31 | DVB-T ( 6 MHz ) | MHP | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [8] | |
Croatia | 2002-05-13 | 2008-09-01 | 2011-01-01 | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | ||
Republik Ceko | 2004 | 2007-08 | 2010-10 | DVB-T | MHP | MPEG-2 | [butuh rujukan] |
Denmark | 2006-03-31 | 2009-11-01 | DVB-T | MHP | MPEG-2, H.264 | [4] | |
Estonia | 2006-12-15 | 2008-03-30 (Pulau Ruhnu) | 2012-02 (direncanakan) | DVB-T | MPEG-4 | H.264 | [9][10] |
Kepulauan Faroe | 2002-12 | 2002-12 | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | |||
Finlandia | 2001-08-27 | 2007-09-01[11] | 2007-09-01 | DVB-T | MHP (dibatalkan) | MPEG-2 | [12] |
Perancis | 2005-03-31 | 2008-03 | 2011-11-30 | DVB-T | MPEG-2, H.264 | [butuh rujukan] | |
Jerman | 2002-11 | 2003-08 | 2008-11-25 | DVB-T | MPEG-2 | [butuh rujukan] | |
Yunani | 2006 | DVB-T | |||||
Hong Kong | 2007-12-31 | 2012 | DMB-T/H | MHEG-5 (TVB) | MPEG-2, H.264 | [13][14] | |
Hungaria | 2008-12-01 | 2013-07-31 | 2013-10-31 | DVB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [15][16] | |
Irlandia | 1999-2002 usaha dibatalkan; 2006-2008 Percobaan Teknis; 09-2009 peluncuran publik direncanakan dengan peluncuran FTA dan DTT mencakup 75% negara |
2012-09-30 [5] | 2013-TBD | DVB-T | RCT dibatalkan, MHEG5, | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [17][18][19] |
Italia | 2004-01-01 | 2010-01-01 | DVB-T | MHP | MPEG-2 | [butuh rujukan] | |
Jepang | 2003-12-01 | 2011-07-24 (direncanakan) | ISDB-T | BML | MPEG-2 | [24][25] | |
Lithuania | 2006 | DVB-T | MPEG-4 | ||||
Luksemburg | 2006-04-04 | 2006-04-04 | 2006-09-01 | DVB-T | None | MPEG-2 | [26] |
Malaysia | 2006-09 (percobaan) | 2015 | DVB-T | MHEG-5 | H.264 | [butuh rujukan] | |
Meksiko | 2004-07-05[27] | 2022-01-01 | ATSC | [28] | |||
Maroko | 2007-06-01 | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | ||||
Belanda | 2003 | 2006-12-11 | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | |||
Selandia Baru | April 2008 | 75% pemberlakuan digital atau 2012, yang pertama berlaku. | 1 tahun setelah dimulai | DVB-T | MHEG-5 | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [29] |
Norwegia | 2007-09[30] | 2008-03 | 2009-12 | DVB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [butuh rujukan] | |
Filipina | 2006-10 (percobaan)/ 2007-08 (siaran ujicoba ABS-CBN menggunakan DVB-T) |
2015-12-31 (pelarangan nasional: Diumumkan oleh NTC) |
2015-12-31 (pelarangan nasional: Diumumkan oleh NTC) |
DVB-T (percobaan) (telah digunakan tahun 2006, re-adopsi tidak diumumkan); ISDB-T (testing) |
MPEG-2 | [butuh rujukan] | |
Polandia | 2004 (percobaan) 2009-01-01 |
2012-12-12 | DVB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | |||
Portugal | 2009-04 | 2011 | 2012 (direncanakan PT) | DVB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | ||
Rumania | 2005-12-01 | 2012-12-31 (direncanakan) | DVB-T | MPEG-4 | [butuh rujukan] | ||
Rusia | 2010 | 2015 | DVB-T | MPEG-4 | [butuh rujukan] | ||
Slovenia | 2007 | 2010 | 2011 | DVB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [31] | |
Afrika Selatan | 2006-03 | 2008-11-01 | 2011-11-01 | DVB-T | H.264/MPEG-4 AVC | [butuh rujukan] | |
Korea Selatan | 2001 | 2012-12-31 | ATSC | [butuh rujukan] | |||
Spanyol | 2000-2005 | 2009 | 2010-04-03 | DVB-T | MHP | MPEG-2 | [butuh rujukan] |
Swedia | 1999-04-01[32] | 2005-09-19 | 2007-10-15 | DVB-T | MHP | MPEG-2/H.264[33] | [butuh rujukan] |
Swiss | 2001 | 2002-03 | 2009-10 | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | ||
Taiwan | 2006-07 | 2008 | 2010 | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | ||
Turki | 2006-02 (percobaan) | DVB-T | [butuh rujukan] | ||||
Britania Raya | 1998-11-15 | 2007 (Whitehaven) | 2012 | DVB-T | MHEG-5 | MPEG-2, H.264 | [34] |
Amerika Serikat | 1998-10-29 | 2007 | 2009-02-17 | ATSC | MPEG-2,H.264(ATSC 2.0) | [35] |
Lihat pula
- Daftar penyiar televisi digital menurut negara
- 1seg
- Proyek perancangan ulang, proyek yang dibuat oleh operator kabel, pembuat peralatan, dan organisasi penelitian
Catatan kaki
- ^ (Albania)The Strategy of the Republic of Albania for the Transiton from Analogue to Digital Transmissions (Project). KKRT (PDF), 2008-12-05
- ^ http://www.tdt.ad/ Tidak memiliki atau tanpa
|title=
(bantuan) - ^ Complete digital TV switch over by 2013, Sydney Morning Herald, 2007-12-18, diakses tanggal 2007-12-21 Teks " Communications Minister Stephen Conroy says he has taken the first firm steps to ensure the switch over to digital TV is completed by the end of 2013. " akan diabaikan (bantuan)
- ^ http://www.dbcde.gov.au/media_broadcasting/television/digital_switchover_information_for_consumers Tidak memiliki atau tanpa
|title=
(bantuan) - ^ DVB-T: Zeitplan, DVB-T.at, diakses tanggal 2007-07-03
- ^ Weg met sneeuw op je tv! (Away with snow on your TV!)
- ^ Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2007-53 - Determinations regarding certain aspects of the regulatory framework for over-the-air television, Canadian Radio and Television Commission, May 17, 2007
- ^ "Acuerdo de la CNTV en la cual se adopta el formato DVB-T para la TDT" (PDF).
- ^ Launch of DTT services in Estonia, DigiTAG Web Letter, December 15, 2006
- ^ http://levira.ee/771est.html Tidak memiliki atau tanpa
|title=
(bantuan) - ^ "Digi-tv esillä ympäri maata". Finnish Ministry of Communications. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-15.
- ^ Finland will switch over to all-digital television, Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communications, 2007-08-31
- ^ OFTA(2007-06-04), Hong Kong Technical Standard for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting, Hong Kong
- ^ (Chinese) 望月 (2007-06-09). "獨家專訪TVB 折解數碼廣播七大疑團 (Exclusive interview with TVB on digital broadcasting)". e-zone AVzone. hlm. 4–5.
- ^ "Hungary starts residential phase of digital switchover". Diakses tanggal 2013-03-13.
- ^ "Hungary set for digital switchover". Diakses tanggal 2013-03-20.
- ^ What is Digital Television?, Department of Communications, Energy & Natural Resources, 2008-03-04
- ^ BCI DTT Licensing Policy 2008 (Revised Edition, Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (soon Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (in 2009), 2008-02-09
- ^ BCI ISSUES DECISION ON DTT MULTIPLEX CONTRACTS(, Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (soon Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (in 2009), 2008-07-21
- ^ BCI DTT Licensing (DTT Multiplex Contracts:Applications received (, Broadcasting Commission of Ireland (soon Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (in 2009), 2008-05-15
- ^ Minimum Receiver Requirements for DTT in Ireland V1.0) (, 2008-02-06
- ^ Coordination issue likely to delay DTT roll-out (, The (Sunday Business) Post.ie-Thomas Crosbie Holdings Limited Archives, 2008-07-27
- ^ Minister Ryan announces end of Digital Terrestrial Television trial (, Department of Communications, Energy & Natural Resources,Ireland, 2008-07-24
- ^ Digital Broadcasting Experts Group (DiBEG) promote ISDB-T
- ^ ISDB-T, Application, Present and Future, PDF File
- ^ Broadcasting Center Europe : DVB-T / TNT
- ^ Documento sin título
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2][3]
- ^ RiksTV - Når kommer det?, RiksTV.no, diakses tanggal 2007-07-04
- ^ Info about closedown of analogue TV
- ^ Nya tillstånd för digitala TV-sändningar, Swedish Radio and TV Authority, January 20, 2001
- ^ As of June 2007, H.264 is only used for HDTV in the Mälaren Valley region.
- ^ "What is Digital Switchover?". DAS TV. 2007-07-01. Diakses tanggal 2007-08-13.
- ^ "Commerce Department Issues Final Rule To Launch Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program".
National Telecommunications & Information Administration. 2007-03-12. - ^ "TV Comverter box Programme website". National Telecommunications & Information Administration. 2007-03-12.
Pranala luar
- DigiTAG
- The DVB Project - including data on DTT deployments worldwide
- European Audiovisual Observatory
- Worldwide overview of the digital terrestrial systems ATSC, DVB-T and ISDB-T