Manuel Noriega
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| Manuel Noriega | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Mugshot of Noriega, after his surrender (1990) | |
| Pemimpin militer Panama | |
| Masa jabatan 12 Agustus 1983 – 20 Desember 1989 (6 tahun, 130 hari) |
|
| Presiden | Ricardo de la Espriella Jorge Illueca Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino Eric Arturo Delvalle Manuel Solís Francisco Rodríguez |
| Didahului oleh | Rubén Darío Paredes |
| Digantikan oleh | Guillermo Endara (sebagai Presiden Panama) |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | 11 Februari 1934 (umur 79) Panama City, Panamá Republik Panama |
| Alma mater | Sekolah Militer Chorrillos School of the Americas |
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno[1] (pengucapan bahasa Spanyol: [maˈnwel noˈɾjeɣa]; lahir 11 Februari 1934; umur 79 tahun) adalah prajurit dan politisi asal Panama. Ia adalah Diktaktor militer Panama dari tahun 1983 hingga 1989.[2]
Referensi [sunting]
- ^ Boyd Marciacq, Carmen. "Noriega: el dictador." El Siglo. Retrieved on January 8, 2010.
- ^ Serrill, Michael S. (2001-01-24). "Panama Noriega's Money Machine". Time.
Bacaan lanjutan [sunting]
- William Blum "The CIA, Contras, Gangs, and Crack" at Foreign Policy in Focus
- Cole, Ronald. Grenada, Panama, and Haiti. United States of America: Joint History Office – Defense Technical Information Center, US Department of Defense. 1998, 1999.
- Dinges, John, Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega, New York, Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-8129-1950-5
- Noriega, Manuel and Eisner, Peter. America's Prisoner – The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega. Random House, 1997.
- Koster, R.M. and Sánchez, Guillermo. In the Time of the Tyrants: Panama, 1968–1990. W W Norton & Co Inc, 1990.
- Murillo, Luis E. (1995). The Noriega Mess: The Drugs, the Canal, and Why America Invaded. 1096 pages, illustrated. Berkeley: Video Books. ISBN 0-923444-02-5.
- Robert C. Harding (2001). Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics, Transaction Publishers.
- Robert C. Harding (2006) The History of Panama, Greenwood Publishing.
Pranala luar [sunting]
- Description of 1989 raid on Patilla airport, resulting in deaths of US Navy SEALs
- 1989 Report on the situation of human rights in Panama by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
- R.M. Koster's response to claims made in Noriega's biography
- Noriega suffers mild stroke, hospitalized in Miami (CNN.com)
- My Pen Pal, the story of Sarah York, a girl from a small Michigan town who was a pen pal with Noriega, beginning c. 1988.
- The Conversion of Manuel Noriega, American Rehabilitation Ministries. Noriega's profession of faith in Jesus Christ and his baptism in 1992 are chronicled.
- The Battle for Coco Solo Panama, 1989 Analysis by former USMA faculty member and Academy graduate
| Jabatan militer | ||
|---|---|---|
| Didahului oleh: Rubén Darío Paredes |
Pemimpin militer Panama 1983–1989 |
Digantikan oleh: Guillermo Endara (sebagai Presiden Panama) |
