Burung kacamata

?Burung kacamata
Zosterops lateralis, dewasa (kanan) dan muda
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Aves Ordo: Passeriformes Famili: Zosteropidae (masih diperdebatkan)
Genera
Apalopteron Cleptornis Heleia Hypocryptadius Lophozosterops Madanga Megazosterops Oculocincta Rukia Speirops Tephrozosterops Woodfordia Yuhina Zosterops

Suku burung-burung kacamata (Zosteropidae) mencakup sejumlah burung pengicau (Passeriformes) kecil yang cenderung tersebar di daerah tropika di Dunia Lama (termasuk Australasia). Genus pencirinya adalah Zosterops. Burung-burung anggota suku ini dicirikan dengan lingkaran di sekitar mata berwarna putih (dari sini nama bahasa Inggris white-eye berasal) atau abu-abu.

Banyak anggotanya yang bersifat endemik di suatu pulau atau kepulauan, seperti jenis yang baru ditemukan tahun 2007 di Kepulauan Togian, Sulawesi Tengah.

Penampilan anggotanya sangat "biasa", tidak ada ciri mencolok, kecuali adanya segaris lingkaran di sekitar mata. Sayapnya melingkar dan memiliki kaki yang kuat. Ukurannya kecil, hingga sepanjang 15cm. Warna bulu biasanya hijau kelabu, tetapi ada jenisnya yang memiliki bulu leher dan perut berwarna putih atau kuning. Semua anggotanya senang berkelompok, terbang dalam kawanan. Dalam musim kawin, mereka membangun sarang di pohon dengan telur biru pucat 2-4 butir. Menu utamanya serangga dan buah-buah kecil, serta nektar. Di Australia bahkan ada yang menjadi hama di perkebunan anggur karena bertengger di tangkai dan melukai tanaman.

Anggota

• Genus Speirops
  • Fernando Po Speirops, Speirops brunneus
  • Principe Speirops, Speirops leucophoeus
  • Black-capped Speirops, Speirops lugubris
  • Cameroon Speirops, Speirops melanocephalus

• Genus Zosterops - typical white-eyes (some 75 species, 1-3 recently extinct; polyphyletic)

• Genus Rukia - Eastern Carolines White-eyes
  • Long-billed White-eye, Rukia longirostra
  • Truk White-eye, Rukia ruki

• Genus Cleptornis
  • Golden White-eye, Cleptornis marchei

• Genus Tephrozosterops
  • Rufescent White-eye, Tephrozosterops stalkeri

• Genus Madanga
  • Rufous-throated White-eye, Madanga ruficollis

Mascarene White-eye
Zosterops b. borbonicus ("Réunion Grey White-eye")

• Genus Lophozosterops
  • Crested White-eye, Lophozosterops dohertyi
  • Black-masked White-eye, Lophozosterops goodfellowi
  • Javan Grey-throated White-eye, Lophozosterops javanicus
  • Grey-hooded White-eye, Lophozosterops pinaiae
  • Streaky-headed White-eye, Lophozosterops squamiceps
  • Yellow-browed White-eye, Lophozosterops superciliaris

• Genus Oculocincta
  • Pygmy White-eye, Oculocincta squamifrons

• Genus Heleia
  • Thick-billed White-eye, Heleia crassirostris
  • Spot-breasted White-eye, Heleia muelleri

• Genus Chlorocharis
  • Mountain Blackeye, Chlorocharis emiliae

• Genus Woodfordia
  • Sanford's White-eye, Woodfordia lacertosa
  • Bare-eyed White-eye, Woodfordia superciliosa

• Genus Megazosterops - sometimes placed in Rukia
  • Giant White-eye, Megazosterops palauensis

• Genus Hypocryptadius
  • Cinnamon Ibon, Hypocryptadius cinnamomeus

• Genus Apalopteron - Bonin White-eye (formerly "Bonin Honeyeater")

• Genus Yuhina - yuhinas

White-naped Yuhina (Yuhina bakeri), a close relative of the white-eyes

If the white-eyes are maintained as a separate family or subfamily, this genus would have to be included there too.

• Genus Yuhina - yuhinas (found to be polyphyletic and now split into five genera)
  • White-collared Yuhina, Yuhina diademata
  • White-naped Yuhina, Yuhina bakeri
  • Whiskered Yuhina, Yuhina flavicollis
  • Burmese Yuhina, Yuhina humilis
  • Stripe-throated Yuhina, Yuhina gularis
  • Rufous-vented Yuhina, Yuhina occipitalis
  • Taiwan Yuhina, Yuhina brunneiceps
  • Black-chinned Yuhina, Yuhina nigrimenta

• Genus Staphida
  • Striated Yuhina, Staphida castaniceps
  • Chestnut-collared Yuhina, Staphida torqueola
  • Chestnut-crested Yuhina, Staphida everetti

• Genus Dasycrotapha - formerly in Stachyris; tentatively placed here
  • Flame-templed Babbler, Dasycrotapha speciosa

• Genus Sterrhoptilus - formerly in Stachyris; tentatively placed here
  • Mindanao Pygmy Babbler (or Yuhina), Sterrhoptilus plateni
  • Visayan Pygmy Babbler (or Yuhina), Sterrhoptilus pygmaeus
  • Golden-crowned Babbler (or Yuhina), Sterrhoptilus dennistouni
  • Black-crowned Babbler (or Yuhina), Sterrhoptilus nigrocapitata
  • Rusty-crowned Babbler (or Yuhina), Sterrhoptilus capitalis

• Genus Zosterornis - formerly in Stachyris; tentatively placed here
  • Chestnut-faced Babbler (or Yuhina), Zosterornis whiteheadi
  • Luzon Striped Babbler (or Yuhina), Zosterornis striatus
  • Panay Striped Babbler (or Yuhina), Zosterornis latistriatus
  • Negros Striped Babbler (or Yuhina), Zosterornis nigrorum
  • Palawan Striped Babbler (or Yuhina), Zosterornis hypogrammicus

Rujukan

• Alström, Per; Ericson, Per G.P.; Olsson, Urban & Sundberg, Per (2006): Phylogeny and classification of the avian superfamily Sylvioidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38(2): 381–397. DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.015

• Barker, F. Keith; Barrowclough, George F. & Groth, Jeff G. (2002): A phylogenetic hypothesis for passerine birds: taxonomic and biogeographic implications of an analysis of nuclear DNA sequence data. Proc. R. Soc. B 269(1488): 295-308. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2001.1883 PDF fulltext

• Cibois, Alice (2003): Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny of Babblers (Timaliidae). Auk 120(1): 1-20. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2003)120[0035:MDPOBT]2.0.CO;2 HTML fulltext without images

• Cibois, Alice; Kalyakin, Mikhail V.; Lian-Xian, Han & Pasquet, Eric (2002): Molecular phylogenetics of babblers (Timaliidae): revaluation of the genera Yuhina and Stachyris. J. Avian Biol. 33: 380–390. DOI:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2002.02882.x (HTML abstract)

• del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Christie D. (editors). (2006). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-42-2

• Jønsson, Knud A. & Fjeldså, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35(2): 149–186. DOI::10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x (HTML abstract)

• Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

Pranala luar

• White-Eye videos on the Internet Bird Collection